• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-162
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• 2010

In terms of the international air transport, the open skies policy implies freedom in the sky or opening the sky. In the normative respect, the open skies policy is a kind of open-door policy which gives various forms of traffic right to other countries, but on the other hand it is a policy of free competition in the international air transport. Since the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, the United States has signed an open skies agreement with many countries, starting with the Netherlands, so that competitive large airlines can compete in the international air transport market where there exist a lot of business opportunities. South Korea now has an open skies agreement with more than 20 countries. The frequent flyer program (FFP) is part of a broad-based marketing alliance which has been used as an airfare strategy since the U.S. government's airline deregulation. The membership-based program is an incentive plan that provides mileage points to customers for using airline services and rewards customer loyalty in tangible forms based on their accumulated points. In its early stages, the frequent flyer program was focused on marketing efforts to attract customers, but now in the environment of intense competition among airlines, the program is used as an important strategic marketing tool for enhancing business performance. Therefore, airline companies agree that they need to identify customer needs in order to secure loyal customers more effectively. The outcomes from an airline's frequent flyer program can have a variety of effects on international competition. First, the airline can obtain a more dominant position in the air flight market by expanding its air route networks. Second, the availability of flight products for customers can be improved with an increase in flight frequency. Third, the airline can preferentially expand into new markets and thus gain advantages over its competitors. However, there are few empirical studies on the airline frequent flyer program. Accordingly, this study aims to explore the effects of the program on international competition, after reviewing the types of strategic alliance between airlines. Making strategic airline alliances is a worldwide trend resulting from the open skies policy. South Korea also needs to be making open skies agreements more realistic to promote the growth and competition of domestic airlines. The present study is about the performance of the airline frequent flyer program and international competition under the open skies policy. With a sample of five global alliance groups (Star, Oneworld, Wings, Qualiflyer and Skyteam), the study was attempted as an empirical study of the effects that the resource structures and levels of information technology held by airlines in each group have on the type of alliance, and one-way analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to test hypotheses. The findings of this study suggest that both large airline companies and small/medium-size airlines in an alliance group with global networks and organizations are able to achieve high performance and secure international competitiveness. Airline passengers earn mileage points by using non-flight services through an alliance network with hotels, car-rental services, duty-free shops, travel agents and more and show high interests in and preferences for related service benefits. Therefore, Korean airline companies should develop more aggressive marketing programs based on multilateral alliances with other services including hotels, as well as with other airlines.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 2010

Korea experienced a financial crisis in 1997. Since then Korea economy has undergone severe change such as exchange rate regime from the market average exchange rate system to the free floating exchange rate system in 1997, and the currency rate fluctuation has been widening. We empirically analyze the determination of the Won/Dollar exchange rate based on the monetary approach. We employ Lucas (1982), Bilson (1978) and Frankel (1979) models and consider some mixed models. We make use of monthly data of money supply, income, interest rate, capital balance, terms of trade, and the yen/dollar exchange rate over the period 1990-2009. We compare the empirical results of cointegration tests and the vector error correction model(VECM) from the two regimes, the pre and post korean financial crisis. The won/dollar exchange rate has long-run relationship with the variables in the monetarist models in the two regimes. For the post crisis regime, the Bilson model is the best and the long run variables also affect the short run dynamics of the won/dollar exchange rate.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.839-869
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• 2013

Since opening the domestic food markets after late 1980s, Korean agro-food sector has been changed a lot, including commercialization of livestock and horticulture sectors. The large-scale periodic transactions appeared in food retail market in 1990's demand further commercialization of farm sectors. It require comprehensive on-farm knowledges including production, food processing, marketing, and management for agricultural sector. As the result, The Farming Systems Research & Extension concept has been introduced in 1992 as a form of The Regional Specialization Experiment Station. The Science and Technology Committee for Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Foods are established in 2009. However, we still find gaps between on-farm knowledge demands and supply, requiring further refining of R&D systems. It also asks to differentiate applied research from basic disciplinary research, better linkages between research and extension on farm, and comprehensive knowledge transfer systems. This study recommends for proper role allocation and cooperative structures for regional research and extension institutions to reduce overlaps among them. It further asks government to support regional research and extension systems including human resource and infrastructure building, to strengthen commodity based on-farm research and extension, and to separate budget allocation for regional research and extension. Provincial administration of the county level extension offices should also be considered for better linkage between research and extension at regional level.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

China has achieved rapid economic growth in the late 1970s with economic reform and open-door policy. China's economic growth began initially in the eastern coastal areas and from the 2000s expanded to the western and northeastern regions where the economy was relatively underdeveloped. In particular, in 2013 'One-Belt One Road' initiative proposed by Xi Jinping, the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of China is not only a key strategy for China's advancement into the world and also provides important opportunities for the development of these backward regions. Inland Port is the inland logistics hub and plays a crucial role in enhancing access to maritime ports as well as access to adjacent inland countries. Therefore, a number of inland ports have been developed and operated in order to enter into overseas markets and secure resources in the northeastern and western regions of China. This study aims to examine the role and development of inland port in 'One-Belt One Road' scheme. In conclusion, 'One-Belt One Road' will further increase the role of inland port, and in response, the development of inland port will play a pivotal role in one belt one road initiative. In this respect, Korean companies need to consider plans to participate in the development and operation of inland ports in China, which would provide opportunities to spread Northern markets including China, Russia, Central Asia, Eastern Europe.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.356-365
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• 2017

Most studies of the effects of corporate patents on managerial performance conducted to date have been based on internally-generated patents. However, global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies acquire patents not only from internal research and development (R&D), but also through university-industry collaboration and purchase. Focusing on this issue, our study collected patents from various sources, including internal R&D, purchased patents, and university-industry collaboration, to examine the real effects more accurately. Additionally, our study used a finite time lag model to consider the time lag between patent and corporate performance. The results of the quantitative analysis of the relationship between patents and corporate financial performance revealed that patent quantitative levels had less impact on sales than other types. However, quantitative patents levels appeared to have a significant impact on market value. Moreover, quantitative patent levels appeared to moderate impact on corporate profit. Patents acquired by internal R&D had the greatest impact on market value, while purchased patents had the greatest impact on corporate profit and sales. The purchased patents had a significant effect on financial performance in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies because of the long time required and expense associated with R&D. Overall, the results of this study provide the basis for global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to configure an optimal patent portfolio.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.14
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• pp.145-169
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• 2004

With the full liberalization of distribution sector in 1997, both multinational and domestic discount retailers have been competing to gain more market share in Korea. Increased competition among domestic and international retail stores forces marketing academics and practitioners to understand the various factors affecting discount retail store satisfaction and loyalty. This study examines how store image of a retailer influences consumers' attitudes, satisfaction and intention to re visit that store. The data, collected from a sample of 416 customers in Busan, Korea, indicate that store image is exerting positive influences in the formation of attitude, satisfaction. But favorable store image does not have positive impact on the intention to revisit the store. Rather the impact of store image on intention to re visit is mediated by attitudes and satisfaction. And unlike the overall store image, attitudes have positive effect on the formation of consumers' intention to revisit, not mediated by satisfaction. And satisfaction also results in higher possibility of forming intention to revisit that same discount store. Based on these results, we provide theoretical and managerial implications, limitations of this research, and useful directions for future study.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2016

The competition between countries became internationalized in the market. However, a situation in which globalization is concerned is important to domestic corporates. Corporate strategy to survive in the domestic market are also juggling the limit of survival. Technology transfer and commercialization at this point has important implications now. The same applies to the national level. Public-to-private technology transfer has been more important, in order to overcome the international competitions. Although various studies have been made to promote technology transfer, in the livestock sector rarely attempted. Taking into account that few previous research and theory development has been achieved, the paper explored the technology transfer phenomenon in the sector employing the grounded theory approach by Strauss & Corbin(1998). Corporates that licensed in technologies through the Foundation of Agri. Tech. Commercialization & Transfer, were targeted as informants or interviewees. Finally, eight informants were selected sequentially utilizing theoretical sampling technique to the saturation point. As the result of open coding and axial coding of the interview data using NVivo10 by QSR International, 77 concepts, 20 sub-categories, and 7 categories were derived while paradigm model was established. Through selective coding, 'the factors affecting technology transfer in livestock sector' was identified as core category. The story line about the core category was developed based on four main categories. Finally, it is expected that the concepts, categories, and the relationship between them can be an important basis for further research.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.419-443
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• 2007

Recently, the branch-out of foreign companies into domestic markets through M&A and the opened followed by the Free Trade Agreement(FTA) with America have made the environmental site assessments of specific site more necessary. In this study, through case study of conducting actual environmental site assessment by use of a toolbox approach at a large scale of chemical plant with various contaminants located in a coastal area, the problems of guideline of domestic environmental assessment of soil were complemented. And an efficient and economical assessment was achieved. All six steps such as basic investigation, environmental site history survey, sampling and analysis, installation of monitoring wells and hydrogeological survey, and data interpretation were conducted in this study. All results of document survey, geological lineament analysis, field geology survey of surrounding area, geophysical prospecting of the site, hydraulic conductivity, measurement of groundwater flow rate and direction, sampling and analysis at each step were associated and estimated as an integrated tool box approach. As a consequence of this study, toolbox approaches were very useful techniques for contamination level and site characterization of subsurface media. The given conditions to conduct a basic survey for domestic soil environment assessment of site by use of existing documents, as well as interviews with the owner/manager/user of all adjacent properties and thorough review of all practically reviewable records pertaining to the property and surrounding properties within "Guideline for Soil Environment Assessment" radii are very poor. As a result, the application of toolbox approach in the environment site assessment of site is not only more efficient and economical, but also could be very useful assessment to integrate the soil and groundwater contamination.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.77-85
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• 2001

In order to sustain competitive advantage through strategic product differentiation in global market, this research aims to establishment of strategic design conditions for domestic manufacturing firms through the means of product image alignment and positioning, using visual character of product as the foundation for establishing corporate image. Case studies on how globally successful multinational companies manage design strategy and corporate culture uniformly for coherent product image management are reviewed. To establish product image alignment methodology for manufacturing firms, the criteria for product image positioning and aligned product image development process are developed in three stages. First, in image positioning stage, it is important to set the direction for corporate image and design strategy by identifying consumer needs through market trends analysis and forecasting as well as comparative positioning of the analysis results of the firms's own corporate image and that of the competitor's. Second, in awareness building stage, before building the product image alignment, firm-wide shared awareness of differentiated corporate and product image, establishment of designer's role as the consolidated manager of product image, sharing form language, and building the infrastructure for defining form information should be preceded. Third, in managing the aligned product image stage, the condition for setting up image information management guideline, management of decision making process for arriving at logical decisions on product form, development of guideline for increasing efficiency and its evaluation system, and co-development of related design should be induced. Further research on the product image alignment with corporate image should be conducted through various empirical studies on image and form, building an information system of related design language, and continuous assessment and management of applied solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.16-16
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• 1998

기술혁신과 제도변혁의 와중에서 미국을 위시하여 우리나라, 일본, EU, 싱가포르등 세계 각국들은 경쟁적으로 2010년까지 초고속정보망을 구축할 것을 계획하고 있다. 더나아가서 미국 정부는 세계적인 초고속정보망 (Global Information Infrastructure: GII)을 구축하는 것을 계획하고 있다. GII 추진을 주도하고 있는 미국을 영상, 소프트웨어, 방송, 게임 등의 각종 멀티미디어 서비스의 절대적 경쟁력을 미국에서 뿐만 아니라 GII를 통해 세계시장으로 확대, 보호하겠다는 전략적 의미를 갖고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 미국의 GII 추진전략에 대응하여 일본은 AII 라는 아시아판 초고속통신망 구축과 개방화를 제안하였으며, 우리나라 정부는 APII라는 이름으로 아시아, 태평양지역 국가들을 대상으로 하는 초고속통신기반을 구축할 것을 제시하였다. 한국의 APII전략은 아시아, 태평양 지역 중심으로 한국의 국가적 위상을 제고하는 한편 우리나라 기업의 국제진출을 위한 전진기지로서의 활용측면에서 유효하다는 의미로서 제시하였다. 그러나, 우리나라가 제시한 APII의 청사진은 세계 정보통신시장을 중심으로 볼 때 경쟁력을 갖고 있는 정보통신부분이 반도체이외에는 전무하다는 측면에서 잘못하면 APII라는 전략은 미국이나 일본의 정보통신망 구축에 이용당할 가능성이 높은 무의미한 전략적 의미를 갖고 있는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미국이 구축하고자 하는 GII체제와 병행하여 우리나라 정보통신산업을 육성, 발전시키기 위한 대응전략이 어떤 방향으로 전개되어야 할 것인지를 제시하기 위하여 GII가 갖고 있는 전략적 의미를 산업조직측면에서 살펴보고자 하였다. GII구축으로 인하여 세계의 정보통신 대기업은 초대기업으로 성장할 수 있는 기회이지만 중소기업 역시 대기업으로 성장할 수 있는 기회이다. 따라서 우리나라 정부는 정보통신산업정책을 초고속망 구축위주인 대기업 중심체제에서 중소기업이 참여 가능한 통신기기산업이나 멀티미디어 산업으로의 유인전환을 촉진할 필요가 있다. 다음으로 GII 구축에 따라 정보통신기업의 전략적 제휴 내지 합병이 활발히 촉진되고 있는 상황을 감안하여 볼 때 국내의 통신산업 역시 전략적 제휴 내지 합병이 가능할 수 있도록 정부규제를 완화할 필요가 있다. 그리고 정보통신서비스업체 역시 나름대로 독과점 산업인 통신기기업체내지 소프트웨어 산업으로의 진출이 가능할 수 있도록 상호진출을 허용할 필요가 있다고 본다. 이를 위해서 우리 나라 정부 역시 미국처럼 새로운 통신개혁법을 만들 필요가 있다. 새로운 통신개혁법의 핵심적인 사항으로서 첫째, 통신과 CATV간의 상호진입을 허용, 둘째, 통신사업자가 통신관련 기기산업에 참여할 수 있는 규제완화를 허용, 셋째, 유아단계에 있는 소프트웨어 및 컨테트산업을 육성하는데 산업육성책 수립 등을 적극적으로 추진하여야 할 것이다. 그리고 현재 국내 재벌기업들로 구성되어 있는 기반산업을 지원하는 기술개발 지원체제와 육성정책을 소프트웨어 및 컨텐트의 응용산업으로 개편할 필요성도 제시되며, 이를 위해 범부처 차원에서 소프트웨어 및 컨텐트 육성정책을 지원하는 종합적인 대책을 마련해야 한다고 본다.