• Title/Summary/Keyword: 시간공간사상

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Evaluation of the Accuracy of IMERG at Multiple Temporal Scales (시간 해상도 변화에 따른 IMERG 정확도 평가)

  • KIM, Joo-Hun;CHOI, Yun-Seok;KIM, Kyung-Tak
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.102-114
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study was the assessment of the accuracy of Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), a rainfall data source derived from satellite images, for evaluation of its applicability to use in ungauged or inaccessible areas. The study area was the overall area of the Korean peninsula divided into six regions. Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) rainfall data from the Korean Meteorological Administration and IMERG satellite rainfall were used. Their average correlation coefficient was 0.46 for a 1-h temporal resolution, and it increased to 0.69 for a 24-h temporal resolution. The IMERG data quantitatively estimated less than the rainfall totals from ground gauges, and the bias decreased as the temporal resolution was decreased. The correlation coefficients of the two rainfall events, which had relatively greater rainfall amounts, were 0.68 and 0.69 for a 1-h temporal resolution. Additionally, the spatial distributions of the ASOS and IMERG data were similar to each other. The study results showed that the IMERG data were very useful in the assessment of the hydro-meteorological characteristics of ungauged or inaccessible areas. In a future study, verification of the accuracy of satellite-derived rainfall data will be performed by expanding the analysis periods and applying various statistical techniques.

Flood Runoff Simulation using Radar Rainfall and Distributed Model in Imjin River Basin (레이더 강우와 분포형 모형을 이용한 임진강 유역의 홍수 유출 모의)

  • Kim, Byung-Sik;Bae, Young-Hye;Park, Jung-Sool;Kim, Kyung-Tak
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.738-743
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    • 2008
  • 최근 기상이변으로 인한 돌발홍수의 빈번한 발생으로 인해 신속하고 정량적인 강우예측의 필요성이 대두되고 있으며 강우의 거동을 실시간으로 관측하여 예측이 가능한 강우레이더의 활용성이 높아지고 있다. 또한, 1Km 해상도의 격자형으로 제공되는 강우레이더를 효과적으로 활용하기 위해 격자단위의 분석이 가능한 분포형 수문모형의 활용이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구를 위한 선행연구로 배영혜 등(2007)은 레이더 강우와 물리적 기반의 분포형 모형인 $Vflo^{TM}$을 이용하여 임진강 유역에 대한 강우-유출 모의를 실시하였으며 분포형 모형의 입력 자료로 활용된 임진강 유역의 공간자료는 임진강 유역조사 성과 및 GIS/RS를 자료를 이용하여 구축하였다. 배영혜 등(2007)이 모의한 임진강 유역의 홍수 유출 모의 결과 모의치와 관측치 사이의 첨두값은 일치하나 지체 시간의 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 오차의 원인을 파악하기 위해 북한의 하천과 연결되지 않은 임진강 영중지점을 대상으로 홍수 유출 모의를 실시한 결과 지상 강우계를 이용한 레이더 강우의 보정 유무보다는 GIS 수문매개변수의 불확실성이 오차에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며 특히 토양분류 체계가 상이하고 현시성이 결여된 토양도의 활용이 수리전도도를 비롯한 토양 매개변수에 불확실성을 초래하여 첨두 유량과 지체시간 등에 영향을 준 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구에서는 유역면적의 약 2/3가 미계측 지역인 임진강 유역의 지리적 특성과 현지조사가 필수적인 토양도의 재구축이 현실적으로 어렵다는 점을 고려하여 상대적으로 단순한 가 분포형(Quasi-distributed) 수문 모형인 ModClark 모형을 이용하여 2006년 7월 사상에 대하여 홍수 유출 모의를 실시하였으며 그 결과를 선행연구를 통해 모의한 $Vflo^{TM}$ 모형의 유출 모의 결과와 비교하였다.

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Correlation between Storm Characteristics and Flood Damage (우리나라 호우특성과 홍수피해와의 상관관계)

  • Park, Doo-Ho;Ahn, Jae-Hyun;Choi, Yong-Joon
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.219-229
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    • 2011
  • In this study, Correlation analysis for relationship between storm characteristics and flood damage cost was carried out using histogram analysis. The spatial range of flood damage cost data was the whole country and 16 provinces in the Korea, and period range was 16 years, from 1994 to 2009. According to the results of this analysis, most of total flood damage cost was highest in small; middle scale rainfall events of high frequency. Based on the results of comparison among 16 provinces, the ability to prevent flood demage of metropolitan was better than that of provinces. And the storm characteristics of causing maximum flood damage cost was different from each provinces. Therefore, the construction size in flood defence measures has to be determined when flood defence measures considering the results of this study as an useful guideline.

Estimation of Design Flood by Nakdong-river basin Using Dual Polarization Radar Rainfall Areal Reduction Factor (이중편파 레이더 면적감소계수를 이용한 낙동강 유역내 면적별 설계홍수량 산정)

  • Hyun, Sukhoon;Lee, Dongjoo;Kang, Boosik
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2015.05a
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    • pp.429-429
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    • 2015
  • 면적감소계수(ARF)는 면적강우에 대한 지점강우의 비로 정의되며, 과거 면적확률강우량 산정시 유역 내의 여러 지점강우량을 티센기법, Kriging 기법 등을 통해 공간보정을 실시하고 면적강우량을 산정하였다. 하지만 이러한 방법은 강우의 시공간분포 특성을 정확히 반영하지 못하는 단점이 있기 때문에, 최근에는 많은 연구에서 레이더 강우를 활용한 ARF를 산정한다. 기존의 연구에서 이중편파레이더를 사용하여 낙동강 유역의 호우중심형 ARF를 산정한 바 있기 때문에, 본 연구에서는 산정된 ARF 값을 적용한 설계홍수량은 분석해보고자 한다. 대상유역은 낙동강 유역내의 유역들을 대상으로 하고자 한다. 낙동강 유역에는 약 $175km^2{\sim}2000km^2$의 다양한 면적의 유역들이 존재함을 확인하였다. 따라서 면적별로 대표적인 유역을 선정하여 설계홍수량을 산정하기에 적합한 지역이라 판단된다. 설계홍수량을 산정하기 방법으로는 강우-유출 모형을 이용하고자 한다. 이용할 모형은 호주에서 개발된 IHACRES 모형으로써, 개념적인 모형으로 장기 및 단기 강우사상을 모두 모의할 수 있는 특징을 갖고 있다. 따라서 낙동강 내의 선정된 유역들을 실제 강우자료를 통해 각 유역의 매개변수를 산정하고, 확률강우량과 Huff분포를 이용한 지속시간 24시간의 설계강우량을 산정하고자 한다. 산정된 설계강우량에 앞서 소개한 이중편파레이더 ARF를 적용하여 설계홍수량을 산정하고, ARF를 적용하지 않고 산정한 설계홍수량, 두 값의 차이를 통해 ARF를 통해 감소된 설계강우량의 비와 ARF 적용 유무에 따른 설계홍수량 차이의 비를 비교하여 이중편파레이더 ARF가 면적별로 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다.

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A Study on the Cubism - In it's relation to Bergsonian Philosophy and Simultaneity - (큐비즘에 관한 연구 - 베르그송 철학과 동시성 개념을 중심으로 -)

  • Ryu, Ji-Seok;Oh, Chan-Ohk
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.18 no.3 s.61
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    • pp.117-128
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    • 2005
  • The French Belle Epoque is a period where the literary and artistic movement was very activated. The birth of the cubism reflects this atmosphere of the times and the change of paradigm in all fields. The Bergsonism is often designated as one of the important backgrounds of cubism. The problem consists in knowing if Bergsonian ideas gave real influence on the cubist movement and up to what point. Our analysis will show that it is not homogenous and very variable according to painters. In the case of Picasso and Braques it seems be a simple inspiration of Zeitgeist. But the influence upon Metzinger and Gleizes is explicit. The text of 1912, Du cubism, prove their attachment to his thought. The key concept of cubist theory, influenced by Bergsonian philosophy, is the concept of simultaneity. Cubist simultaneity is in one hand a reflection of an artist's psychological experience and the other hand a synthesis of multiple views for grasping the object in itself by the way of conceptual representation. The temporal simultaneity could be identified with the notion of memory, which is a temporal continuity connecting the past to dynamic present. The spatial simultaneity is a juxtaposition of multiple views obtained by the movement around the object. But the dose reading of Bergson's text shows that there is a divergence between the notion of cubist simultaneity and his ideas. The biased interpretation is often, as well as the strict understanding, like the history shows us well, a great source of inspiration and creativity. The cubist mouvement is not far from this case.

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A Transcendental Pragmatic Interpretation on the Notion of 'Injon' in Daesoon Thought (대순사상의 인존(人尊)에 대한 화용론적(話用論的) 해석)

  • Baek, Choon-hyoun
    • Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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    • v.39
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    • pp.33-67
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    • 2021
  • This paper aims at revealing the core concept of Injon (Human Nobility). The concept of Injon is one of the salient fundamental ideas which makes Daesoon Jinrihoe recognizable as Daesoon Jinrihoe. The concept of Injon has the basic meaning of 'human nobility,' but within the context wherein the nobility of humankind is considered to be greater than the nobility of Heaven and Earth. Although the religious and ideological interpretations of Injon (human nobility) that have developed over time have been quite diverse and abundant, these interpretations are all limited in that they generally assume the relationship between 'Heaven and Earth' and 'Humanity' to be antagonistic. However, if human nobility is relativized in that manner, it can reduce the potential broader meanings of mutual beneficence and the earthly paradise of the later world. These interpretations are grounded in the view of semiotic interpretation. Such interpretations have composed their view point via the semiotic meaning of the words. The semiotic point of view suggests that meanings of words consist in the relation of the word and the object to which it denotes. We will introduce a new view point which can be termed the transcendental view point. This view focuses on how the exact interpretation of words and sentences depends on the comprehension of the triad of systematic relations among the word, object, and speaker. In the Daesoon Thought, the Former World is considered to be the world wherein all creations unfolded according to the principle of mutual contention. This led to the accumulation of grievances and grudges which condensed and filled the Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity. The Former World was dominated by Western material civilization, selfishness, and exclusivism. It was also a world where humans suffered from various natural disasters such as floods, droughts, plagues, and wildfires. The Former World lost the constant Dao and was overwhelmed with all kinds of disasters and calamities. That world fell into various kinds of wretchedness. The causes which made the Former World so cruel came from humans misunderstanding their relation to nature and life in general; including human life. The anthropocentric modern cosmology insisted that the human race was the only one to have the powers and rights to exercise dominion over nature. On the other hand, there is the Later World, which means the ideal and perfect, immanent eternal world for all humankind in Daesoon Thought. This world consists of life, peace, and equality and is also characterized by three typical attributes: goodness, peace, and all kinds of life. All living beings previously struggled for survival, but in the Later World, those lifeforms will embrace each other; even across different realms. In Daesoon Thought, the world and cosmos contain diverse forms of life, and human have both an earthly life and life in the after world should they die before the Later World. There are also the lives of divine beings and animals, and other such living entities. Daesoon Thought subsumes pan-vitalism, which allows they acknowledgement of myriad possible lifeforms. The concept of the Later World in Daesoon Thought, which mainly revealed in The Canonical Scripture and the words of Sangje (Kang Jeungsan), suggests that all kinds of life, including humans, animals, and even spirits in the afterworld, can live together in a perfect coming earthly paradise which is immanent. The concept of Injon can be interpreted though the view of transcendental pragmatics as an alternative to the typical views discussed in Daesoon Thought. Thinkers should attempt to improve current discourse on Injon in Daesoon Thought by focusing on the point that all kinds the original teachings demonstrate a value of all lifeforms. Therein, Injon would indicate not only the human nobility and dignity but also the nobility and dignity of divine beings, divine humans, and all other forms of life that have existed across time. The dimension of time allows for recognition of lifeforms from the Former World, the afterworld, and the Later World. This revised appraisal of Injon could further accommodate denizens of the afterworld, animals, ghosts and spirits, the earth and cloud souls of humans, and other lifeforms held to exist in the cosmology of Daesoon Thought.

Yun Chi-Ho's Garden Plan for the Anglo-Korean School in Gaeseong (윤치호의 개성 한영서원 정원 계획)

  • Kim, Jung-Hwa
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.81-93
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the plans and the spatial characteristics of the garden at the Anglo-Korean School, an educational institution established in Gaeseong in 1906 by Yun Chi-ho and the American Methodist Church. The time scope of the study is from 1906, when the school was opened, to the early 1920s, when the basic building structure of the school was completed. The spatial scope is the school complex, located in Gaeseong, and its affiliated facilities. The contents of the study include the planning background and purpose, spatial layout, and plants used in the school garden. This study reviewed Yun Ch'i-ho's papers and Warren A. Candler's papers at Emory University, documents, photos, and maps produced in the early 20th century. The results show that the school garden was first mentioned at the school's opening and that with a strong will, Yun Chi-ho insisted on establishing a school garden. The garden was located around the engineering department building and was divided into several sections and lots. Economic plants, such as fruit trees, comprised the garden and were sourced from the Methodist Church of the South, USA. This study reveals that the garden at the Anglo-Korean School functioned as a training ground for agriculture and horticulture education and was differentiated from Seowon, a traditional Korean academy that symbolically spaced Neo-Confucianism and that emphasized the views of the surrounding nature during the Joseon Dynasty.

High-resolution medium-range streamflow prediction using distributed hydrological model WRF-Hydro and numerical weather forecast GDAPS (분포형 수문모형 WRF-Hydro와 기상수치예보모형 GDAPS를 활용한 고해상도 중기 유량 예측)

  • Kim, Sohyun;Kim, Bomi;Lee, Garim;Lee, Yaewon;Noh, Seong Jin
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.333-346
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    • 2024
  • High-resolution medium-range streamflow prediction is crucial for sustainable water quality and aquatic ecosystem management. For reliable medium-range streamflow predictions, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of forcings and to effectively utilize weather forecast data with low spatio-temporal resolutions. In this study, we presented a comparative analysis of medium-range streamflow predictions using the distributed hydrological model, WRF-Hydro, and the numerical weather forecast Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) in the Geumho River basin, Korea. Multiple forcings, ground observations (AWS&ASOS), numerical weather forecast (GDAPS), and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), were ingested to investigate the performance of streamflow predictions with highresolution WRF-Hydro configuration. In terms of the mean areal accumulated rainfall, GDAPS was overestimated by 36% to 234%, and GLDAS reanalysis data were overestimated by 80% to 153% compared to AWS&ASOS. The performance of streamflow predictions using AWS&ASOS resulted in KGE and NSE values of 0.6 or higher at the Kangchang station. Meanwhile, GDAPS-based streamflow predictions showed high variability, with KGE values ranging from 0.871 to -0.131 depending on the rainfall events. Although the peak flow error of GDAPS was larger or similar to that of GLDAS, the peak flow timing error of GDAPS was smaller than that of GLDAS. The average timing errors of AWS&ASOS, GDAPS, and GLDAS were 3.7 hours, 8.4 hours, and 70.1 hours, respectively. Medium-range streamflow predictions using GDAPS and high-resolution WRF-Hydro may provide useful information for water resources management especially in terms of occurrence and timing of peak flow albeit high uncertainty in flood magnitude.

Appraisal of spatial characteristics and applicability of the predicted ensemble rainfall data (강우앙상블 예측자료의 공간적 특성 및 적용성 평가)

  • Lee, Sang-Hyeop;Seong, Yeon-Jeong;Kim, Gyeong-Tak;Jeong, Yeong-Hun
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.53 no.11
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    • pp.1025-1037
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    • 2020
  • This study attempted to evaluate the spatial characteristics and applicability of the predicted ensemble rainfall data used for heavy rain alarms. Limited area ENsemble prediction System (LENS) has 13 rainfall ensemble members, so it is possible to use a probabilistic method in issuing heavy rain warnings. However, the accessibility of LENS data is very low, so studies on the applicability of rainfall prediction data are insufficient. In this study, the evaluation index was calculated by comparing one point value and the area average value with the observed value according to the heavy rain warning system used for each administrative district. In addition, the accuracy of each ensemble member according to the LENS issuance time was evaluated. LENS showed the uncertainty of over or under prediction by member. Area-based prediction showed higher predictability than point-based prediction. In addition, the LENS data that predicts the upcoming 72-hour rainfall showed good predictive performance for rainfall events that may have an impact on a water disaster. In the future, the predicted rainfall data from LENS are expected to be used as basic data to prepare for floods in administrative districts or watersheds.

멀티빔 자료를 이용한 웹기반의 3차원 해저 지형 가시화

  • 노대훈;박요섭;김학일
    • Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.166-171
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    • 2000
  • 밀티빔 음향 측심기 (Multibeam Echo Sounder)는 탐사선에 수직방향으로 해저면을 주사(Swath)하여, 한번의 송수신(Ping)으로 다중의 빔자료를 얻을 수 있는 측심기로, 해저면에 반사되어 되돌아오는 음파의 음압을 기록하고, 사이드 스캔 소나 자료도 동시에 취득하는 기능을 가지고 있으므로, 측심된 해저 지형(Bathymetry)과 해저 지형을 덮고 있는 해저면의 퇴적 상황(Sediment Environment)도 동시에 얻을 수 있는 다목적 측심기이다. 본 논문에서는 L3사의 Sea Beam 2100 멀티빔 음향 측심기를 통해 얻은 자료를 처리하여, 3차원 공간 데이터인 DEM(Digital Elevation Model)을 생성하고, VRML을 이용한 웹상에서의 해저 지형 가시화를 통해, 세계 어느 곳에서나 웹을 통하여 쉽게 정보를 공유할 수 있는 3차원 해저 지리 정보 시스템의 구현을 목적으로 한다. 멀티빔 음향 측심기를 통해 얻어진 자료는 항해 자료 보정, 음속 보정, 빔 좌표 계산과 분리, 오측심 자료 제거, 조석 보정 등의 단계를 거쳐 측심자료의 정확도 및 신뢰도를 높이는 과정을 거치게 된다. 보정된 멀티빔 음향 측심자료는 무작위 점 사상(Point Topology)으로 산재 되어 있는 빔 자료를 임의의 단위영역으로 변환하는 과정을 거쳐야 하는데, 이 과정을 격자화라고 한다. 자료의 격자화를 통해 3차원 공강 데이터인 DEM 파일을 제작하고, 이 DEM 파일과 음압 영상을 이용해 웹상에서의 3차원 해저 지형의 가시화를 실현한다. 웹상에서의 3차원 지형 가시화에서 방대한 양의 지형 데이터는 데이터 전송 시간과 렌더링 시간에 치명적인 문제이다. 따라서, 렌더링 시간과 데이터 전송 시간을 단축시키기 위한, 지형 자료의 LOD(Level of Detail)를 통해, VRML을 이용한 보다 효과적인 웹상에서의 3차원 해저 지형의 가시화를 실현한다.면 기업은 고객으로 공간적인 제약으로 인한 불신을 불식시키는 신뢰감을 주게 된다. 이러한 고객서비스 향상과 물류비용 절감은 사이버 쇼핑몰이 전국 어디서나 우리의 안방에서 자연스럽게 점할 수 있는 상황을 만들 것이다.SP가 도입되어, 설계업무를 지원하기위한 기본적인 시스템 구조를 구상하게 된다. 이와 함께 IT Model을 구성하게 되는데, 객체지향적 접근 방법으로 Model을 생성하고 UML(Unified Modeling Language)을 Tool로 사용한다. 단계 4)는 Software Engineering 관점으로 접근한다. 이는 최종산물이라고 볼 수 있는 설계업무 지원 시스템을 Design하는 과정으로, 시스템에 사용될 데이터를 Design하는 과정과, 데이터를 기반으로 한 기능을 Design하는 과정으로 나눈다. 이를 통해 생성된 Model에 따라 최종적으로 Coding을 통하여 실제 시스템을 구축하게 된다.the making. program and policy decision making, The objectives of the study are to develop the methodology of modeling the socioeconomic evaluation, and build up the practical socioeconomic evaluation model of the HAN projects including scientific and technological effects. Since the HAN projects consists of 18 subprograms, it is difficult In evaluate all the subprograms simultaneously. Despite, each program is being performed under the category of HAN projects, so the common soci

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