• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify factors in selecting the elective ICT utilization lecture and to find positive and negative elements of the lecture through conducting topic modeling analysis of text mining of the narrative lecture evaluation. In order to do so, from pre-processing of data, keyword frequency analysis to wordcloud visualization and topic modeling analysis have been conducted from 'reasons of selecting the lecture,' 'improvements to be made on the lecture,' and 'what I liked about the lecture' categories regarding the ICT utilization lecture which was opened in the second semester of 2019 at M University. The analysis results show that students mostly registered for the ICT utilization lecture at M University to obtain a certificate and the fact being certified and taking the lecture can be done simultaneously is a positive element of taking the lecture. On the other hand, negative element included inconvenience of the classroom setting environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.559-561
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• 2022

인공지능 시대에 들어서면서 개인 맞춤형 환경을 제공하기 위하여 사람의 감정을 인식하고 교감하는 기술이 많이 발전되고 있다. 사람의 감정을 인식하는 방법으로는 얼굴, 음성, 신체 동작, 생체 신호 등이 있지만 이 중 가장 직관적이면서도 쉽게 접할 수 있는 것은 표정이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 정확도 높은 얼굴 감정 식별을 위해서 Convolution Block Attention Module(CBAM)의 각 Gate와 Residual Block, Skip Connection을 이용한 Identity- CBAM Module을 제안한다. CBAM의 각 Gate와 Residual Block을 이용하여 각각의 표정에 대한 핵심 특징 정보들을 강조하여 Context 한 모델로 변화시켜주는 효과를 가지게 하였으며 Skip-Connection을 이용하여 기울기 소실 및 폭발에 강인하게 해주는 모듈을 제안한다. AI-HUB의 한국인 감정 인식을 위한 복합 영상 데이터 세트를 이용하여 총 6개의 클래스로 구분하였으며, F1-Score, Accuracy 기준으로 Identity-CBAM 모듈을 적용하였을 때 Vanilla ResNet50, ResNet101 대비 F1-Score 0.4~2.7%, Accuracy 0.18~2.03%의 성능 향상을 달성하였다. 또한, Guided Backpropagation과 Guided GradCam을 통해 시각화하였을 때 중요 특징점들을 더 세밀하게 표현하는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 이미지 내 표정 분류 Task에서 Vanilla ResNet50, ResNet101을 사용하는 것보다 Identity-CBAM Module을 함께 사용하는 것이 더 적합함을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.325-341
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• 2011

Environmental regulations in the world has been strengthened. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that international standard for social responsibility in the ISO26000 was published on November 01, 2010. CSR is rapidly changing in global environment. In the meantime, domestic companies such as donations to the required activities ought to be stayed. Strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises in the management tools that should be taken as the movement is taking place. The domestic small and medium-sized corporate social responsibility (SMEs CSR) activities have also taken many changes. In particular, multinational corporations and large companies within the supply chain, B2B companies in partnership appears to have a significant impact on business. In this study, in changing environment for domestic SMEs CEO survey results are based. CSR activities of SMEs and its impact on the financial competence, B2B businesses and B2C business activities of corporate social responsibility has been to analyzed the differences factor. This allows the small and medium-sized companies effectively promote socially responsible business activities, to spread the government, corporate, NGO, and local stakeholder's CSR was to provide a new perspective.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.623-638
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• 2007

This paper debates on two different theoretical positions in explaining corporate adaptation. Until the 1980s, a restructuring perspective had dominated in explaining corporate success and adaptation. However, this perspective pays little attention to how firms adapt to environmental change and why some firms adapt successfully, while some others fail to adapt. Thus a restructuring perspective does not give insights into a context-specific explanation of corporate learning and adaptation. More recently, especially since the 1990s, academic focus on corporate adaptation and evolution has shifted towards exploring the nature of learning that leads to the dynamic competitiveness. A learning perspective emphasizes the influence of knowledge, learning and competence on corporate evolution. However, it reveals that this view is also less appropriate for explaining corporate adaptation in radical shifts in environment. In this context, the evolutionary theories of the firm need to seek to maintain a balance between two theoretical positions in order to understand more effectively the dynamic evolution and adaptation of the firm. This paper shows that the dynamics of corporate adaptation and evolution are an outcome of the mixture of perpetual processes of restructuring and learning, both continuous and discontinuous.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.304-312
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• 2019

Service companies are making constant efforts to gain positive business performance such as customer satisfaction, quality improvement, and valuable management. Compared to other industries, service companies are highly dependent on workers for responding to customers and satisfying various customer needs in terms of business content and type. Thus, the attitude, given, environment, and capacity of the workers who supply service and serve customers are important factors that directly and indirectly influence customer satisfaction and performance. To enhance the performance of organizations and gain competitive advantage, it is important to provide the various forms of social support for workers as service suppliers. In this sense, active interests including the development of personal competence, support for working environment, and providing chances for the development of new services are significant. This study is a follow-up study on the influence of social support for positive psychological capital, creativity, and work performance of service workers. Among the service process matrix, this study targets the workers involved in mass service fields and seeks to examine how support for co-worker influences the performance through self-efficacy. No empirical analysis has examined workers involved in mass service fields. Thus, this study aims to take an approach different from that of previous studies and to suggest more effective human resource management strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of service companies and provide related implications.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.155-184
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• 2013

This study takes a critical perspective that current vertical regulatory framework for broadcasting, telecommunications, films and games cannot cope with media development in the age of convergence. Changes in media environment mitigate the uniqueness of terrestrial television causing doubts as to why television contents should be treated more strictly than the rest of media contents. Consensus is being reached that horizontal regulation would be the appropriate regulatory measure for media contents. However, which content should be aligned to what level of regulations have not been fully dealt with. The paper shows that the current regulatory framework which is established according to each delivery platform is no longer valid in convergent media environment. It shows why all content regulation should be applied in platform neutral manner. Then it also suggests both short and long term regulatory changes that need to be made in order to meet the future challenges in media convergence era.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.17-28
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• 2008

Favorable policies for freight vehicles (i.e., trucks), such as exclusive "Truck-ways," have been proposed, and at the same time restricted policies for freight vehicles have been suggested because transportation of goods by truck aggravates traffic congestion and environmental conditions in urban areas. This study discusses the limitations of assessment processes for freight vehicle route management systems which have been carried out from limited perspectives such as physical distribution efficiency and traffic circulation. The objective of this study is to propose an assessment method of truck route management systems in urban areas which includes more varied criteria. This research modified the two existing assessment indices of physical distribution efficiency and traffic circulation. In addition two new assessment indexes are proposed: (i) exposure indices for population directly influenced by nitrous oxide, a representative pollutant, and (ii) a friction index between trips for attending elementary school and freight vehicle trips. It was found that from the perspective of physical distribution efficiency and traffic circulation, the "before" alternative is better than "after". However, from the aspect of traffic safety and environmental impacts the "after" alternative is better than "before". It is expected that the proposed evaluation method in this study would be useful when identifying reasonable policies for truck route management in urban areas.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.115-144
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the actual 'content' and 'role' of the intrinsic motivation of creative laborers during the creative production process. Based on semi-structured intensive interviews with 16 light-entertainment television PDs in South Korea, this paper articulated that intrinsic motivation towards creative work could be understood as a desire to maintain their level of enjoyment from creative work. The desire was classified into two different types of 'enjoyment', one was the enjoyment based on the expectation regarding the creative job, and the 'enjoyment' experienced primarily related to the creative production process that allows creative workers to actualize individual creative ambitions. In addition, such intrinsic motivation tended to provide a strong driving force for creative workers as they endured unfavorable working conditions that resulted from market principles(viewership ratings), economic stability, and work-life balance. This paper proposes that the tendency of creative workers to endure various undesirable working conditions is based on a strong intrinsic motivation to maintain their level of enjoyment from their creative career.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2011

본 연구는 화력발전의 부산물로 발생하는 석탄바닥재가 골프장 사질 토양의 개량재로 사용 적합한지를 평가하기 위해 수행되었으며, 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 석탄바닥재의 화학성을 분석한 결과 총질소 0.34%, 가용성 인산 $52mgL^{-1}$, 치환성 칼륨 $51mgL^{-1}$ 뿐만 아니라 소량의 치환성 칼슘과 마그네슘을 함유하고 있어 식물생육에 이롭고, 유해중금속함량은 Cd, $Cr^{6+}$, Pb, Ni, As는 $1mgL^{-1}$ 이하, Cu 농도는 $1.25mgL^{-1}$ 검출되어 토양환경보전법의 토양오염우려기준 이하이므로 석탄바닥재 재활용으로 인한 토양오염 가능성은 매우 낮은 것으로 판단된다. 2. 모래 토양에 석탄바닥재를 부피비로 0~50% 비율로 혼합한 시료의 투수계수와 유효수분함량을 측정한 결과 석탄바닥재 혼합비율이 증가할수록 투수계수는 유의성 있게 감소하고 유효수분함량은 유의성 있게 증가해 석탄바닥재가 모래 토양의 낮은 수분보유력을 개선하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 3. 모래 토양에 석탄바닥재를 부피비로 0~50% 비율로 혼합한 시료를 잔디식재층으로 조성한 라이시미터에 잔디종자 파종 후 약 4개월 뒤 잔디밀도가 완전히 형성된 후에 시비 후 3일 간격으로 채취한 용탈수를 분석한 결과 1일과 4일 후에 채취한 초기 용탈수에서는 석탄바닥재 혼합비율이 높을수록 $NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$ 및 K함량이 유의성 있게 감소했으며, 대조구에 비해 석탄바닥재 혼합비율이 높은 처리구일수록 $NO_3-N$, $NH_4-N$ 및 K함량이 용탈수 채취기간 동안 지속적으로 용탈되었다. 이 결과로 석탄바닥재가 모래 토양의 낮은 양분 보유력을 개선하는데 효과적이고 석탄바닥재처리가 대조구에 비해 오랫동안 식물 생육에 필요한 양분을 공급하는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 4. 골프장 그린상구조와 동일한 시험포장을 만들고 모래 토양에 석탄바닥재 10%와 20% 그리고 피트, 액시스, 이소라이트를 부피비로 10% 비율로 혼합한 시료를 잔디식재층으로 조성하고 크리핑 벤트그래스(Agrostis paulstris Huds), Penn A-4 $10gm^{-2}$을 파종한 후에 처리구별로 잔디 품질을 평가하기 위해 잔디 밀도, 뿌리길이, 색상 및 시각적 품질을 조사한 결과 석탄바닥재 처리구는 기존에 사용하는 개량제인 피트, 액시스, 이소라이트 처리구와 동등한 잔디생육 촉진 효과가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 5. 결론적으로 석탄바닥재는 골프장 토양의 물리적 특성과 화학적 특성을 개선하고 잔디생육에 필요한 양분을 공급하는데 효과적인 토양개량재라고 할 수 있다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.373-382
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• 2004

Large sized buildings have proliferated in the modern world in order to solve problems caused by the growth of cities, and this trend has lead to diversity in style and utilization of interiors. In particular, wayfinding within the shopping mall for a customer is a common problem, so if customers do not have to face these navigational problems and could find the way more easily, then shopping mall or the store can expect much better profits. Therefore, directional sign system that can provide accurate and speedy information for customers with diversified ages, gender and knowledge is necessary. Firstly, the definition and element of all directional sign are analyzed through the existing literature survey. The elements are based on the practical elements and six categories such as type, pictogram, color, layout, form, and location were considered. Secondly, directional signs in large underground shopping mall was considered, and the speciality of the underground shopping mall was investigated, and finally top three underground shopping malls was analyzed. Thirdly, through the questionnaire, an objective appraisal of directional signs and problems was developed, and following possible improvement was suggested. This study has its own limitations since it is only applicable to the specific locations, however, directional designs will be useful in other types of buildings as well. Through the continuous studies of the users' psychology, these kinds of studies will be related to the environmental characteristics of various places.