• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 2009

As foreign investors' share holdings in Korean firms have dramatically increased since 1998 following the financial deregulation on the limit of foreign stock investment, the concern over the negative impacts the foreign investors would bring on the firms' financial policy has been growing too. Foreign investors were perceived to require the firms of excessive payments of cash dividends sometimes with threat of hostile takeover trials detering the firm from investing its cash flow in the physical facilities and RandD eroding their potential growth capabilities. We examine the impact of foreign investment on the firms' dividend policy using 234 listed firms' panel data over the sample periods of 1998 to 2005 employing various panel regression methodology. Foreign shareholders are found not to be related or even negatively related to the payout ratio(dividend/net income), but positively and statistically significantly related to the ratio of cash dividends to book of asset, negatively to the dividend yields. Considering the payout ratio is the most appropriate measure for the dividend payment, we can not support the arguments that the foreign investors' holdings have induced the excessive dividend level in Korean firms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the quality of the street environment in residential areas on the mental health of urban residents, considering the frequency of street use. Using a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model, the study analyzed the influence of walking frequency and the street environment on depressive symptoms of urban residents. The research focused on Seoul, South Korea, in 2017, with depressive symptoms as the dependent variable and street environment variables, walking variables, and individual characteristics as independent variables. Additionally, the study explores the interaction effect of street greenery and walking frequency to analyze the synergistic impacts of walking in green spaces on mental health. The findings indicate that a higher ratio of street green areas is associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Increased walking frequency is linked to a reduction in depressive symptoms or a weaker manifestation of such symptoms. The interaction effect confirms that more frequent walking in green spaces is associated with weaker depressive symptoms. Lower ratios of visual complexity are correlated with reduced depressive symptoms. This study contributes to addressing urban residents' mental health issues at the community level by emphasizing the importance of the street green environment in residential areas.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality bowling on emotional changes using EEG (Electroencephalogram). Sixteen bowling players who have at least three years of experiences in bowling participated in this study. Their aged ranged from 26 to 35 years old with a mean age of 29.6 years. The frontal lobes (Fp2-Fp1, F4-F3, F8-F7) of each player were measured while subjects were performing five games of bowling. And after performing every frame, their emotion was measured immediately with Visual Analogue Scale. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to test differences in the alpha value of each region of the frontal lobes. The dependent variable is the alpha power of the cerebral asymmetry. The results showed that players who scored a strike showed higher VAS values than those who missed the spares or cleared the spares; those who cleared spares showed higher VAS values than those who missed spares In addition, with respect to frontal R-L asymmetry score, the alpha-wave of the left frontal lobe was activated when scoring a strike and clearing spares and the alpha-wave of the right frontal lobe was activated when missing spares. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that success or achievement in competition gives rise to positive emotions and vice versa. This study neurophysiologically proved that performance outcomes during a competition directly influence players' emotion and brain waves.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.39-50
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• 2017

This paper explores the concept of mobile gaming platforms and changes in game play through mobile parameters, focusing on the role of role-playing mobile games through mobile parameters. As a move, the Player combines the mobile media with the game platform. The daily time of the mobile mid-dividualization is reconstructed with the principle of superposition, which affects play experience on the mobile gaming platform. The character of a mobile role-playing game plays a non-integrated play where the player is staying, rather than an avatar character, and exhibits a non-dwelling character as a residential space. Automatic battle also regenerates unused combat forces in the form of explicit integration. The experience of combat in overlapping hours serves as a visual spectacle, and the player inhabits the fighter jets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 2008

The relative magnitudes of the individual terms of the momentum equation are analyzed and compared by analytical methods. The temporal variations of each term are analyzed for the influence factors to runoff expressed by the parameters of the momentum equation, stream slopes and roughness coefficients. The magnitudes of local acceleration and convective acceleration offset each other. The peak time of each term except the gravity term coincides with inflection point of the hydrograph rising limb each other. The magnitudes of each term vary with the channel characteristics, especially when the roughness coefficients are dominant or for the mild stream slopes the pressure term can not be negligible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 1992

The main purpose of this study is to obtain information on the factors influencing forest scenic beauty in order to make and manage scenic forest of recreation areas. 62 slides were taken for the study. Each photograph was independently judged by college students in 10 different major fields, with a total 264 observers after reliability test in the study. The ratings were scaled using a computer program developed by Brown & Daniel(1990). The results of rating scale analysis indicate that respondents' major field difference affects visual preference for forest scenic beauty. Similarly, with different sexual, forest visit frequency, and community type in childhood, people tend to rate their preference differently. The respondents' rating scale of relative scenic beauty of near-view forest scenes can largely be explained in terms of forest physical characteristics of forest landscape. Bare ground area and stash area are represented negative esthetic effects, while DBH, number of trees per hectare, sky area showed positive esthetic effects. These 6 variables in the model can be accounted for 74% of total variance in perceived forest scenic beauty. With this study result, it can be concluded that forest physical characteristics are significantly related to visual preference for near-view forest scenes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2024.01a
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• pp.147-148
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• 2024

도시에서의 쓰레기 무단투기는 주민들의 삶의 질에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 중요한 사회 문제이다. 환경 및 공기 오염이 큰 문제로 나타나며, 시민들은 시각 및 후각적 불편을 겪는다. 무분별한 쓰레기 투기는 해충의 서식지가 되어 다양한 질병의 유발 가능성을 증가시키며, 정상적인 분리수거 시스템을 방해하고 환경을 더욱 악화시킨다. 따라서 무단투기 쓰레기는 사회, 환경, 건강 측면에서 다양한 불편함을 초래한다. 이 연구는 서울시 자치구를 대상으로 쓰레기통의 개수, 무단투기 건수, 거주 인구수, 무단투기 감시 CCTV 개수, 전체 CCTV 개수, 주택 수 등의 다양한 변수 간의 상관관계를 분석하여, 도시 환경에서의 쓰레기 처리와 무단투기 감소에 대한 개선방안을 도출하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.666-677
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• 2016

This study analyzes determinants of strategic marketing alliances' performance using 'continuous use intention' of consumers in the Korean credit card industry. Specifically, this study aims to provide comprehensive and synthetic understanding of these factors divided into firm- level and consumer- level variables. Thirty alliance cards were chosen randomly. For firm- level data, managers from the thirty selected cards were interviewed concerning their respective firm and alliance operation. For collection of consumer- level data, 610 card holders from these thirty cards were surveyed concerning card benefits, benefits information, brand image, and continuous use intention. The hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze this multi-level data, yielding the following results: First, consumers identified three factors that positively influence continuous use intention. Second, with respect to firmlevel factors, alliance partner's marketing capability is not positively related to intention, whereas fit of alliance goal influences consumer's continuous use of card. Third, contrary to expectation, the positive interaction effects between consumer level variables and firm level variables were found to be not present.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2020

최근 낙동강유역에서는 여름철 폭염 및 가뭄의 영향으로 조류대경보가 발령되고 있으며, 급격한 수질환경적 변화가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구대상유역인 낙동강에서도 가뭄으로 인해 녹조가 발생하여 조류경보가 발령되었다. 남조류의 대발생은 대량 번성 및 사멸에 따라 수체 내 산소 고갈 및 유기물 증가와 같은 문제를 야기하고 있다. 또한 남조류가 분비하는 독성물질 또한 수생태계와 인체에 유해하다. 그리고 인체에는 무해하다고 밝혀졌지만 수돗물 등에서 흙냄새와 같은 좋지 않은 냄새를 유발하는 냄새물인 지오스민, 2-MIB을 분비하여 정수공급체계의 악영향을 미친다. 본 연구대상 지점인 낙동강은 다기능 보 건설로 인해 하천 수심이 증가하고 유속이 느려지면서 정체성 수역 특성을 나타내고 있다. 이는 호소성 수역 특성을 나타내고 있음과 동시에 녹조발생과 같은 수질환경적 변화가 이루어지고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구에서 시각화 분석을 통해 낙동강 하류 남조류 발생현황을 분석하였으며, 랜덤포레스트를 이용하여 지점별 남조류 발생 주요 영향인자를 도출하였다. 조류경보제 발생 등급은 발령기준으로 관심, 위험, 대발생으로 구분된다. 학습데이터로 관심단계 기준인 남조류세포수 1,000 cell/mL 보다 작게 측정된 데이터들은 관심미만의 데이터로 Normal 등급으로 구분하였다. 구분된 발생등급을 범주형 변수로 설정하여 학습 데이터를 통해 모형을 구축하고 검증 데이터를 이용하여 모형 정확성을 평가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 조류발생 주요 영향인자를 도출하고 변수별 중요도를 평가를 통해 지점별 녹조 발생특성을 비교 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05c
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• pp.174-177
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• 2003

$Cl_2$ 플라즈마를 이용한 BLT 박막의 식각에서 Ar 가스의 첨가에 따른 식각 속도, 선택비 및 식각 형상의 변화에 대하여 관찰하였다. BLT 박막의 식각 속도는 100% Ar 플라즈마에서 100 % $Cl_2$ 플라즈마에서의 식각 속도보다 약 1.5배정도 빨랐으며, 80% Ar/20% $Cl_2$ 조건에서 $503{\AA}/min$ 최대 식각의 최대 시각 속도를 얻었다. RF 전력과 직류 바이어스 전압을 증가함에 따라 식각 속도는 증가하였으며, $Ar/Cl_2$ 플라즈마의 식각 속도가 $Cl_2$ 플라즈마의 식각 속도 보다 높았다. 식각 공정 변수의 변화에 의한 플라즈마 변수가 BLT 식각 속도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 LP(Lanmuir porbe)와 OES(optical emission spectroscopy)분석을 수행하였다. Ar 첨가량이 증감함에 따라 LP 분석에서 전자의 온도는 증가하였으나 전자밀도는 감소하였다. 이는 Ar의 이온화 준위가 Cl 보다 높기 때문에 이온화 윷이 낮아지기 때문으로 판단된다, 또한, OES 분석에서 Ar 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 Cl 원자의 부피 밀도는 감소하였다. Ar 첨가에 의한 BLT 박막의 식각 속도의 변화와 LP 및 OES 분석을 고려하면, BLT 박막은 화학적 식각의 도움을 받는 무리적 식각에 의하여 식각됨을 확인하였다,