• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.111-130
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• 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate the differences between two groups of students according to information recognition styles such as visual learners and linguistic learners. Two instructional methods, algeblocks and factorization formula, were utilized to introduce the factorization. Four students were participated for the study, and two of them were visual learners and the other two were linguistic learners based on learning style test. Interviews and the diagnostic tests were implemented before the instructions which were lasted for 6 sessions. After the instructions all the participants were interviewed and the researchers also interviewed them 5 days later. The results of the study were the followings: 1. All the participants regardless of their learning style revealed that algeblocks were helpful in understanding the factorization. 2. Visual learners were more likely using algeblocks, while the linguistic learners were more enthusiastic and proficient in using formula to solve the problems. 3. Five days later, two types of learning style students revealed different tendencies. Visual learners mainly used algeblocks, and linguistic learners were not enthusiastic about using algeblocks and one of them did not use them at all. 4. Five days later, two visual learners could not remember the formula, but linguistic learners could remember the formula in somewhat different level.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1998.10c
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• pp.186-190
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• 1998

정상 피험자에 있어서 수행 성적의 차이를 보이는 음소적 단어 생성과 의미적 단어생성에 관련한 대뇌 피질의 활동양상의 차이를 밝히기 위해 피험자에게 단어 생성의 과제를 주면서 기능적 자기공명 영상술(functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI)을 시행하였다. 모두 7명의 정상인에서 음소 단서에 의한 단어생성은 의미 범주 단어에 의한 단어생성보다 광범위한 피질 영역의 활성화를 보였는데, 특히 bilateral posteroinferior temporal cortices, left premotor cortex, right cerebellum, bilateral superior parietal lobules에서 더 높은 활성화를 보였다. 이에 반하여 의미적 단어생성은 주로 bilateral posterior cingulate gyri에서 더 높은 활성화를 보였다. 이런 결과는 음소적 생성은 가능한 자모를 조합하여 어휘를 생성한 후 작업기억에 일시 저장시켜 놓고 verbal rehearsal 과정을 사용하여 단어 여부를 판별하는 것을 시사하며, 의미적 생성은 mental imagery를 통하여 시각적 인출 단서를 찾은 후, 의미 기억으로부터 단어를 직접 인출하는 것으로 보인다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2022

Memorability is an indicator of how well a stimulus can be remembered. Studies on memorability have shown that stimulus memorability cannot be explained by the perceptual and semantic properties of a stimulus, suggesting that memorability is an intrinsic property of a stimulus. Though real-world scenes almost always contain multiple objects, previous studies on memorability have mainly tested memory performance using a single stimulus. In the current study, we investigated how multiple stimuli with different levels of memorability interact with each other. Participants were asked to remember a high or low memorability target presented with a high or low memorability distractor in the encoding block. Participants' memory accuracy was measured by a sensitivity index in the testing block. Results showed that a high memorability target was easier to remember. However, the distractor memorability level did not modulate this target memorability effect. The current results support previous studies that showed a highly memorable stimulus does not automatically induce bottom-up attentional shifts.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.73-100
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• 2014

For a society to be constantly sustained, it needs its past memories to be made present into cultural memories. The state of oblivion resulted from the time difference of the past and the present is commonly made present into commemoration days or memorial spaces. Each has its own form of representation it reflects, but all are related to how past is remembered and how it will be formed. Records, especially the authentic records the nation secured, have an ontological feature of proof that is able to persuade the current present of the past present, and inherent in it is faith that originates from fundamental objectivity. Therefore the image of silence that such strictness of records creates realizes the detonation of specific memories through the act of visual exhibition. Hence, this paper endeavors to examine how the national records, particularly the photographical records, was utilized and how it influenced the people and the society after its organization, through analysing examples of memorial spaces.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to examine how decline of visual function affects visual perception by assessing visual perception after improving visual function through visual training, and observing the change in the cognitive ability of visual perception. Methods: This study analyzes the visual perceptual evaluation (TVPS_R) of 23 children below age 13($8.75{\pm}1.66$) who have visual abnormalities, and improves visual function after conducting vision training (vision therapy) of the children. Results: Convergence increased from average $3.39{\pm}2.52{\Delta}$ (prism) to $13.87{\pm}6.04{\Delta}$ in the measurement of long-distance disparate points, and from average $5.48{\pm}3.42{\Delta}$ to $18.43{\pm}7.58{\Delta}$ in the measurement of short-distance disparate points. Short-distance diplopia points increased from $25.87{\pm}7.33cm$ to $7.48{\pm}2.87cm$, and as for accommodative insufficiency, short-distance blur points increased from $19.57{\pm}7.16cm$ to $7.09{\pm}1.88cm$. In the visual perceptual evaluation performed before and after improving visual function, 6 items except visual memory showed statistically significant improvement. By order of significant improvement, response gap was highest with $17.74{\pm}16.94$(p=0.000) in visual closure, followed by $15.65{\pm}17.11$(p=0.000) in visual sequential-memory, $13.65{\pm}16.63$(p=0.001) in visual figure-ground, $12.74{\pm}18.41$(p=0.003) in visual form-constancy, $6.48{\pm}10.07$ (p=0.005) in visual discrimination, and $4.17{\pm}9.33$(p=0.043) in visual spatial-relationship. In the visual perception quotient that added up these scores, the response gap was $15.22{\pm}8.66$(p=0.000), showing a more significant result. Conclusions: Vision training enables efficient visual processing and improves visual perceptual ability. It was confirmed that improvement of visual function through visual training not only improves abnormal visual function but also affects visual perception of children such as learning, perception and recognition.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.147-159
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• 2015

One of the most important factors for the consumers to select a coffee shop is a visual factor. The analysis results of interior pale face image of the coffee house doesn't show significant differences on all the categories. It is recognized that the items affected by symbolized color are supplies and interior design. If a respondent choose a coffee house by the symbolized color, 'Starbucks' is the most memorable or want to visit place, and only one category, pocket money shows significant difference in choosing coffee houses. The investigation results say that the most memorable or want to visit coffee house by the visual icon color are 'Starbucks', 'Angelinus' and 'Caffebene', and that 'Ediya's icon color marks the characteristics of the shop very well, and 'Hollys' has the most characterful color. Resultingly, visual elements and icon colors of the shop seriously affect consumer's choice in visiting a coffee house. This study is to understand the influence of visual elements in choosing a coffee house for general customers, and it is considered that the importance of visual elements and color marketing must be recognized and developed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.39-59
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• 2018

To elucidate the effect of working memory (WM) load on negative facial emotion processing, we examined ERP components (P1 and N170) elicited by fearful and neutral expressions each of which was presented during 0-back (low-WM load) or 2-back (high-WM load) tasks. During N-back tasks, visual objects were presented one by one as targets and each of facial expressions was presented as a passively observed stimulus during intervals between targets. Behavioral results showed more accurate and fast responses at low-WM load condition compared to high-WM load condition. Analysis of mean amplitudes of P1 on the occipital region showed significant WM load effect (high-WM load > low-WM load) but showed nonsignificant facial emotion effect. Analysis of mean amplitudes of N170 on the posterior occipito-temporal region showed significant overall facial emotion effect (fearful > neutral), but, in detail, significant facial emotion effect was observed only at low-WM load condition on the left hemisphere, but was observed at high-WM load condition as well as low-WM load condition on the right hemisphere. To summarize, facial emotion effect observed by N170 amplitudes was modulated by WM load only on the left hemisphere. These results show that early emotional processing of negative facial expression could be eliminated or reduced by high load of WM on the left hemisphere, but could not be eliminated by high load on the right hemisphere, and suggest right hemispheric lateralization of negative facial emotion processing.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.4
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• pp.241-260
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• 1999

국제적 미술 양식이면서 동양적 요소를 갖추고 있는 서체 문자마술을 통하여 우리 미술문화의 현재와 새로운 가능성을 찾아보았다. 서체 문자미술을 이루고 있는 기호인 한자와 한글을 우리 조상들이 생활 속에서 계속 사용하여 왔으며 나아가 조선에 이르러서는 민화에서 문자그림을 나타내고 있다. 현대에 들어서면서 우리의 이름 있는 작가들과 후학들이 서체에서 나타나는 문자를 이용하여 작품세계를 빛내고 있다. 현대미술의 서체적인 문자그림들의 평가와 그 가능성을 밝히고 디자인마케팅에 있어서 시각적인 학습과 기억에의 서체문자 미술의 활용에 대해 고찰하며, 특히 한국미술에 있어 서체적인 문자그림의 전통성과 현대미술에서의 표현을 통하여 서체 문자그림이 동시대 한국 미술문화를 이루는데 한 축을 이루고 있음을 밝히면서, 한국 서체 문자미술이 디자인마케팅에의 시각적 표현활용에 대해 언급하고 있다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.277-286
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and traditional cognitive training on the working memory and executive function of patients with mild traumatic brain injury. The sample consisted of 20 patients with mild traumatic brain injury who had received rehabilitation treatment in a rehabilitation unit. The subjects were assigned to either the experimental (n = 10) or control group (n = 10). The experimental group received computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and traditional cognitive training for 60 minutes, whereas the control group received only traditional cognitive training for 60 minutes. Both the groups received their respective interventions for 60 minutes a day and 5 times per week across a period of 4 weeks. Working memory and executive function were assessed using the digit span test (forward and backward), visual memory 1 and 2 of the Motor-free Visual Perception Test-3, trail making test, and Stroop test (A and B) both before and after the intervention. The experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in visual memory and performance on the Stroop test A than the control group. These findings suggest that computer-based cognitive rehabilitation and traditional cognitive training are more effective in promoting positive changes in the working memory and executive function of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury than traditional cognitive training.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2017

This study aims to interpret the current landscape design of the place and landscape of memory, such as post-industrial parks and memorials that have an old, aging appearance from an aesthetic perspective. The objects of the study are large parks and open spaces that have collective memories for visitors. Visitors' aesthetic experience from these places and landscapes of memory could be explained by aesthetic concepts such as the sublime, nostalgia, and melancholy. Because these aesthetic concepts are associated with past traumas, visitors may be affected morbidly. However, due to the capability of the media to form an aesthetic experience when visitors visit a given place and landscape, visitors can autonomously adjust the distance to the place of memory and gain an aesthetic experience. The aesthetic experiences through the sublime, nostalgia, and melancholy are based on temporality and irreversibility. Temporality here refers to a characteristic of memory, and time in the place and landscape of memory and is based on the irreversibility of time, as time cannot go back. Both the place memory and the memory that is recalled from the combination with visitor's past memories and knowledge are two major factors involved in the construction of the aesthetic experience in the place and landscape of memory. The results of the present study are meaningful in that this study presents a framework for a better understanding and use of both the place memory and appreciators' memory in the design process of a place and landscape of memory and also criticizes a materialistic approach that fails to take into account the visitors' memories.