• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.305-317
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• 2008

As a mobile computing environment is rapidly changing, increasing user demand for multimedia-over-wireless capabilities on embedded processors places constraints on performance, power, and sire. In this regard, this paper proposes color media instructions (CMI) for single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) parallel processors to meet the computational requirements and cost goals. While existing multimedia extensions store and process 48-bit pixels in a 32-bit register, CMI, which considers that color components are perceptually less significant, supports parallel operations on two-packed compressed 16-bit YCbCr (6 bit Y and 5 bits Cb, Cr) data in a 32-bit datapath processor. This provides greater concurrency and efficiency for YCbCr data processing. Moreover, the ability to reduce data format size reduces system cost. The reduction in data bandwidth also simplifies system design. Experimental results on a representative SIMD parallel processor architecture show that CMI achieves an average speedup of 6.3x over the baseline SIMD parallel processor performance. This is in contrast to MMX (a representative Intel's multimedia extensions), which achieves an average speedup of only 3.7x over the same baseline SIMD architecture. CMI also outperforms MMX in both area efficiency (a 52% increase versus a 13% increase) and energy efficiency (a 50% increase versus an 11% increase). CMI improves the performance and efficiency with a mere 3% increase in the system area and a 5% increase in the system power, while MMX requires a 14% increase in the system area and a 16% increase in the system power.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.466-472
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore how to use location data for peer relations of infants in free-choice play activities. For this study, location data was collected using wearable devices for 14 students in one class at an early childhood education institution in Chungnam. For the pre-processing of the collected location data, a smoothing technique was applied to recover missing values during the collection process, and the data was visualized using Python's Matplotlib. Subsequently, the movement distance, distance between infants, and interaction types of infants were extracted from the location data using the formula. As a result of the study, it was possible to derive 1) change in moving distance, cumulative value, average value, 2) change in distance and average distance value between infants, and 3) change and trend in interaction type according to the passage of time. These results can provide valuable information on the process of forming peer groups for infants in situations where it is difficult for a teacher to closely observe all members, and can be used as meaningful information for the design and operation of educational programs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1982

Experiments were conducted to establish a measuring method of the stomatal aperture in the leaves of the wheat plant, and to find the diurnal movements of the stomate in leaves of different position and tillers. The measurement methods used were the infiltration and the microrelief impression methods. The aperture of the stomate in the infiltration method was expressed in terms of the solutions pent ration into the leaf and this was refered to as the infiltration score. A score I represents injection with 10% iso-butyl alcohol＋90% ethylene glycol solution and a score 7 represents injection with 70% iso-butyl alcohol +30% ethlene glycol solution. A linear relationship was obtained between the infiltration score and average pore width in a large number. of the stomata observed in the leaves of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The aperature of the stomate of flag and the 1st leaf were exhibited diurnal change with the maximum aperture at 10 A.M. but that of 2nd leaf reached maximum aperture 2 hours later than upper two leaves. After reaching the maximum aperture the stomata gradually closed and then completely closed at 6 P.M. The aperture of the stomate in the adaxial epidermis and the base part of the leaf were larger than those in the abaxial and top part of the leaf, and aperture of the stomate in the leaves of the main stem was larger than those on the tillers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.474-481
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• 2019

Korea entered the aged society in 2018 with the elderly population accounting for 14.4% of the total population, and it is expected to enter the super-aged society in 2026. In particular, it is predicted that by 2050, the elderly population will be 38% of the total population, making it one of the countries with the highest number of elderly people in the world. The increase in the elderly population is naturally leading to an increase in the number of traffic accidents among elderly drivers, in 2017, there were 26,713 elderly driver accidents over 65 years of age, with 848 people dying and 38,627 injured. Compared with 2011, the number of accidents and injuries has doubled and the number of deaths has increased 1.4 times. This study determined that the main factors of the increase in traffic accidents were the characteristics of elderly drivers, such as a decrease in visual/hearing ability, cognitive and information processing ability, and muscle strength. Therefore, it raised the necessity of autonomous vehicle(level 2) for elderly driver who can minimize the burden of driving and aimed to study the function of autonomous vehicle for elderly driver who is not familiar with new technology. Based on this, four functions of autonomous vehicles for elderly drivers were derived, such as providing clear information according to the road environment, considering physical characteristics of drivers, simplifying interface, and reinforcing in-vehicle safety devices.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2013

Purpose: We investigated the short term results of medial deltoid ligament repair after diagnosis of chronic medial ankle instability. Materials and Methods: 262 military patients with ankle instability symptom were evaluated between May 2007 and December 2009. We diagnosed 29 chronic medial ankle instability cases with medial drive through sign under arthroscopy, radiologic findings and physical exam, treated with deltoid talo-navicular band repair using anchor suture. We used the American orthopedic foot and ankle society ankle-hindfoot score (AOFAS), visual analog scale (VAS) and ankle functional satisfactory scores were carried out. Results: 29 patients (11.1%) has chronic medial ankle instability, mean AFOAS score, VAS was improved from 65.4(range; 43-83), 6.0(range; 4-10) to 82.0(range; 60-100), 3.2(range; 1-7). Patients satisfaction were excellent 13(44.8%), good 11(37.9%) and poor 5(17.2%). Two cases was recurred and revised with allo-tendinous reconstruction. Conclusion: We underwent surgery to repair the talo-navicular ligament for chronic medial ankle instability, and about 83% of satisfactory results were obtained.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate Korean advance directives (K-AD) by examining the degree of adults' acceptance and reliability of the directive itself. Methods: Survey was performed with 181 adults aged 20 or older who were recruited from three regions. A questionnaire used to examine the participants' acceptance of their K-AD in terms of visual analogue scale score of complexity, difficulty, necessity, satisfaction, recommendation. Then, a retest was carried out by asking participants to write up a K-AD again to confirm the reliability of the directives. Results: On a scale of 100, the average acceptance score was 70 or above, which represents rather high level of acceptance in all five categories. The test-retest reliability kappa values ranged from 0.592 to 0.950, and the conformity degree was moderate or high. Regarding K-AD components such as values, treatment preference, proxy appointment, differences among age groups were observed in each component. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that K-AD is a feasible instrument to analyze its acceptability and reliability for adult population. K-AD could be utilized to help people make their own decision on their end-of-life care. Further studies are needed to confirm this study results and promote widespread use of K-AD.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the suitability of the current standards by predicting the density of the occupant load density for discount stores. An internal data survey as well as an actual survey using a People Counting System (PCS) were employed to ascertain the number of occupants and 95% confidence interval of nationwide discount stores. According to the results of the actual survey, the time and days on which the maximum number of occupants were reached was from 16:00 to 18:00 and Christmas Eve and the weekend before New Year's Day, respectively. From the results of the maximum number of occupants, a regression equation was derived from the relationship between the internal data and the amount of sales, and this equation was verified in a previous study. Thus, the internal data of 50 discount stores were analyzed using this process. As a result, the 95% confidence interval was determined to be $2.7{\sim}2.9m^2/pers.$ and the error level was not large compared to the domestic and foreign standards. Therefore, this study proposes that a conservative estimate of the standard occupant load density for discount stores is $2.7m^2/pers.$

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.979-985
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• 2004

Effects of green tea, buckwheat, and grape leaf extracts on factors related to blood circulation were studied using rats fed high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Rats were randomly divided into five groups, and plant extracts were orally administered. Green tea extract increased bleeding time in rat tails, suggesting it could prevent platelet aggregation. Administration of green tea, buckwheat, and grape leaf extracts decreased total cholesterol level in liver. Grape leaf extracts decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma, whereas buckwheat and grape leaf extracts decreased the substances in liver. These results showed extracts of green tea, buckwheat, and grape leaf were effective for improving lipid composition in blood and liver and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in animal tissue, suggesting they may have potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.62-66
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• 2016

There have been happening small and big fires due to the various causes in the thermal power plants which are the high risk buildings with the high possibility of big sizes of accidents, so the people in the power plants distribute the workers "the site action manuals in thermal power plants" and try to minimize the rate of disasters like fires through the regular education and training. However, in the Five Thermal Power Plants in Korea, there are no the standard of "the site action manuals" and Furthermore, the present educational manuals are mostly the hard copies with poor readability. So the standardization of the manuals are definitely needed. Therefore, in this research, we proceed the standardization of the manuals for the five areas of the site action manual s in the thermal power plants which are oil fires, electric fires, building fires, facility fires and gas leaking reaction SOP to improve the reaction power on the disasters in the power plants which are the national significant infrastructures, thus by using the manual, we propose the safety education contents for the thermal power plants based on the visualization technology using story-viewing method to complement the hard copy type disaster manuals.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.315-323
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• 2016

This study reports a gneiss dome in the Hongseong area, southwestern margin of the Gyeonggi massif. This gneiss dome, named here as 'Oseosan dome' because it is located around the Oseosan, the highest peak along the western coastal area, is composed mainly of the Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic ortho- and paragneiss, mafic metavolcanic rock, and metadolerite. Migmatization affected these rock units, in which leucocratic(granitic) materials derived from anatexis frequently occur as patch and vein parallel to or cutting through internal foliation. The Oseosan dome shows overall concentric geometry and outward-dipping internal foliation, but also partly complicatedly changeable or inward-dipping foliation. Taking available petrological and geochronological data into account, the Oseosan dome is interpreted to be exhumed quickly into the upper crustal level during the Late Triassic, accompanied in part with anatexis and granite intrusion. In addition, extensional shear zone intruded by the Late Triassic synkinematic granite and sedimentary basin have been reported around the Oseosan dome. These evidences possibly suggest that the Oseosan dome formed in closely associated with the Late Triassic extensional movement and diapiric flow. Alternatively, 1) thrust- or reverse fault-related doming or 2) interference between independent folds during structural inversion of the Late Traissic to Middle Jurassic sedimentary basin can be also considered as dome-forming process. However, considering the northern limb of the Oseosan dome, cutting by the Late Traissic granite, and the southern limb, cutting by contractional fault reactivated after the Middle Jurassic, it is likely that the domal structure formed during or prior to the Late Triassic.