• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to find out the useful data for upland crop cultivation in the newly reclaimed tidal land. Poseung silty clay loam soil was selected, and cotton(Mogpo VII) and tall fescue were cultivated under different drainage systems and soil ameliorator applications. Soil hardness and bulk density were decreased by subsurface drainage and plastic film installed at 40cm depth of the soil. Red earth application was also effective to loosen the soil, but zeolite and gypsum made the subsoil compact. Water content of the soil was high in surface drain than that of subsurface drain or plastic film curtain plot during dry season. The water content was in order of plastic film curtain, surface drain and subsurface drain. Electrical conductivity(EC) was decreased to lower than 0.4 Simens $meter^{-1}$ ($SM^{-1}$) in the subsurface drain during rainy season, and the EC of subsurface drain was maintained a quater to an half of surface drain. The yield of cotton and tall fescue were high in order of subsurface drain, plastic film curtain and surface drain plot. The yields of cotton were increased to 36-73 % by ameliorator application, and the red earth application was more effective for tall fescue growth compare to gypsum and zeolite.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.753-758
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• 2013

This study evaluated the quality characteristics for optimization of premix-type Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Soksungjang (BS). First, according to the amount of salt (8, 10, 12%), coliform counts were not detected in BS with 10 or, 12% salt at 21 days and Bacillus subtilis HJ 18-4 as a starter at 7 days. Therefore, 10% salt with starter culture might be considered as suitable conditions for safety. Second, according to the ratio of water (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:1.8), BS prepared with the same weights of meju powder and water showed the highest aminotype nitrogen content (688.76mg%) at 35 days; thus, an adequate fermentation state was established at this condition compared to others. Third, according to the type of container (pot, plastic, glass), the aminotype nitrogen contents were higher in the plastic container and pot than in the glass bottle. Lastly, according to the batch size (1.25, 2.5 kg), the coliform of the 2.5 kg sample decreased faster than that of 1.25 kg samples at 14 days. These results suggest that BS prepared with the same ratio of water and meju powder fermented with HJ 18-4 as a starter and 10% salt in a pot, plastic container (3 weeks) and glass container (4 weeks) showed desirable fermentation qualities.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.131-142
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• 2005

The low rate speech coders under 4 kbit/s are based on sinusoidal transform coding (STC) or multiband excitation (MBE). Since the harmonic coders are not efficient to reconstruct the transient segments of speech signals such as onsets, offsets, non-periodic signals, etc, the coders do not provide a natural speech quality. This paper proposes method of a efficient transient model :d a multi-mode low rate coder at 2.4 kbit/s that uses harmonic model for the voiced speech, stochastic model for the unvoiced speech and a model using aperiodic pulse location tracking (APPT) for the transient segments, respectively. The APPT utilizes the harmonic model. The proposed method uses different models depending on the characteristics of LPC residual signals. In addition, it can combine synthesized excitation in CELP coding at time domain with that in harmonic coding at frequency domain efficiently. The proposed coder shows a better speech quality than 2.4 kbit/s version of the mixed excitation linear prediction (MELP) coder that is a U.S. Federal Standard for speech coder.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.551-564
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• 2016

Earthworks are the fundamental steps in a construction job, and are mainly comprised of smaller tasks performed by construction machinery. The productivity of the construction job can be improved by optimizing excavation, filling, and other such operations. Earthworks involve a lot of mechanical work performed by the collaboration between various kinds of construction equipment, which in turn leads to higher fuel consumption. Actual earthworks depend mostly on the intuition and experience of the driver of the machines, thus leading to inefficiency and environmental problems caused by unnecessary emission of carbon, Recently automated and information-oriented technologies are consistently being researched towards the improvement of efficiency of earthworks in the construction industry. The present research involves the introduction and understanding of the decision-making elements of heuristics which can be applied to the earthwork planning. A method is also suggested for creating an effective work path for construction machine to perform task packages (TP) for cutting and filling processes. A simulation test is performed to verify the effectiveness of suggested methods in terms of space interference and total moving distance of construction equipment.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2004

Recycled plastic containers, so-called 'Tarai' in Korea which are often used as food containers, were collected from 23 domestic manufacturers. Then, their components were analyzed to find out whether they are safe for the use of food-contact material, to meet the standards and specifications of Korean hygienic regulations, the 'Food Code.' The components of the material were analyzed by using Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and Elementary Analyzer (EA). The analysis of the FT-IR and the DSC showed that the main component of the samples was polyethylene. Furthermore, the analysis of the EA for 'Tarai' sample revealed the same ratio of C and H elements as in the case of polyethylene which was 1 to 2. Phenol and formaldehyde were not detected in all the samples. As for the antioxidant tests, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irganox 1330 were detected in various samples. With regard to the material test for heavy metals, 7 out of 23 samples exceeded the limit value of 100 mg/kg in lead contents. No standard and specification is yet prescribed in the 'Food Code' for the material of 'Tarai' as plastic containers for food. This study suggests that the use of 'Tarai' as a food container should be strictly controlled.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.283-290
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• 2020

In this study, a floater was developed for a frame-type solar power plant. The floater supports the frame and the solar panels. A finite element analysis was performed to design its shape and thickness, and the floater was manufactured by a rotational molding method using linear low-density polyethylene. It was found that the floater did not cause collapse and it maintained its stiffness even at 4 times the maximum load of 322.7 kgf. To perform a long-term compression test, a weight-type load application device that uses gravity was designed and manufactured. The amount of compressive deformation was measured for 7 days, and a long-term deformation equation was obtained. Even under small loads, continuous deformation was observed. However, the 10-year deformation amount for a constant load of 100 kgf was predicted to be small at about 4.64 mm. As a result, it was found that the developed floater could be used in a solar power plant on a body of water.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2020

Most studies defined microplastic (MP) as plastic particles less than 5 mm. The ubiquity of MP is raising awareness due to its potential risk to humans and the environment. MP can cause harmful effects to humans and living organisms. This paper review aimed to provide a better understanding of the sources, pathways, and impacts of MP in the environment. MP can be classified as primary and secondary in nature. Moreover, microplastic can also be classified as based on its physical and chemical characteristics. Stormwater and wastewater are important pathways of introducing MP in large water bodies. As compared to stormwater, the concentrations of MP in wastewater were relatively lower since wastewater treatment processes can contribute to the removal of MP. In terms of polymer distribution, wastewater contains a wider array of polymer varieties than stormwater runoff. The most common types of polymer found in wastewater and stormwater runoff were polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The continuous discharge and the increasing number of MP in the environment can pose greater hazards and harmful effects on humans and other living organisms. Despite the growing number of publications in relation to MP, further studies are needed to define concrete regulations and management strategies for mitigating the detrimental effects of MP in the environment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.12D no.4 s.100
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• pp.627-636
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• 2005

The Intelligent Web Service is proposed for the purpose of automatic discovery, invocation, composition, inter-operation, execution monitoring and recovery web service through the Semantic Web and the Agent technology. To accomplish this Intelligent Web Service, the Ontology is a necessity for reasoning and processing the knowledge by the computer. However, creating service ontology, for the intelligent web service, has two problems not only consuming a lot of time and cost depended on heuristic of service developer, but also being hard to be mapping completely between service and service ontology. Moreover, the markup language to describe the service ontology is currently hard to be learned by the service developer In a short time. This paper proposes the efficient way of designing and creating the service ontology using MDA methodology. This proposed solution reuses the creating model in terms of desiEninE and constructing Web Service Model using UML based on MDA. After converting the Platform-Independent Web Service Model to the dependent model of OWL-S which is a Service Ontology description language, it converts to OWL-S Service Ontology using XMI. This proposed solution has profits, oneis able to be easily constructed the Service Ontology by Service Developers, the other is enable to be created the both service and Service Ontology from one model. Moreover, it can be effective to reduce the time and cost as creating Service Ontology automatically from a model, and calmly dealt with a change of outer environment like as the platform change. This paper cites an instance for the validity of designing Web Service model and creating the Service Ontology, and validates whether the created Service Ontology is valid or not.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4679-4688
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• 2011

This study was performed to the municipal waste generation amounts and characteristics for B city in Gangwon province, predicted the methane gas generation rate emitted from landfill, and analyzed the possibility of energy recovery to RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) using combustible waste. The study results showed that the average bulk density of municipal waste for B city was 144.0 kg/$m^3$, and the average ratios of combustible waste were 36.0 % of paper, 21.6 % of vinyl, and 19.7 % of food waste. respectively. In the experiment for heating value, high and low heating value(moisture) was measured to 3,471 $kca{\ell}$/kg and 2,941 $kca{\ell}$/kg, respectively. After the prohibition of burying of food waste in landfill, the heating value of municipal waste was dramatically increased due to increase of the ratio of paper, vinyl, and plastic waste. The prediction results of methane gas generation rate emitted from landfill showed that the gas generation rate is increasing to 2,505.7 CH4 ton/year in 2021. After then, the rate is decreasing gradually. When the RDF facility is installed, the rate is decreasing after peaking at 1,956.9 CH4 ton/year in 2013. The generation rate of LFG emitted from waste landfill of B city was analyzed to 9.92 $m^3$/min, similar to 10.11 $m^3$/min for other city.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.431-446
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• 2007

Executable composite Web services are selected by binding a given abstract workflow with the specific Web services that satisfy given QoS requirements. Considering the rapidly increasing number of Web services and their highly dynamic QoS environment, the fast selection of composite services is important. This paper presents a method for quality driven comosite Web services selection based on a workflow partition strategy. The proposed method partitions an abstract workflow into two sub-workflows to decrease the number of candidate services that should be considered. The QoS requirement is also decomposed for each partitioned workflow. Since the decomposition of a QoS requirement is based on heuristics, the selection might fail to find composite Web services. To avoid such a failure, the tightness of a QoS requirement is defined and a workflow is determined to be partitioned according to the tightness. A mixed integer linear programming is utilized for the efficient service selection. Experimental results show that the success rate of partitioning is above 99%. Particularly, the proposed method performs faster and selects composite services whose qualities are not significantly different (less than 5%) from the optimal one.