• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1438-1445
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• 2016

Yeast can be post-contaminated by the equipment, producer, or air, and this can degrade yogurt quality. This study aimed to demonstrate the yeast inhibiting effect in fermented milk by adding Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus along with current fermenting lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. A certain amount of yeast was added to fermented milk samples that were soon after stored at variable temperatures, and the number of yeast cells was counted periodically. The swelling phenomenon caused by the gas produced by the yeast in fermented products was also observed. In the two experiments, compared to the control, the L. paracasei- and L. rhamnosus-added-groups showed much slower rate of yeast appearance and lower frequency of swelling phenomena. This suggests that using a mixture of L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus in fermented milk inhibits the growth of yeast. Furthermore, if the products are stored at $10^{\circ}C$, post-acidification is rarely seen in the experimental group compared to the control group. This means that the organoleptic flavor can be kept consistent from the production day till the expiration day, resulting in improved organoleptic quality for customers. In other words, the use of L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus in fermented milk will result in the following positive effects: improvement in storage stability by delaying yeast appearance, increase in quality consistency by inhibiting post-acidification, and improved organoleptic quality by enhancing texture and flavor.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

In this research, we investigated the cleanliness by optimizing the water content of the aqueous stripper in fluidic strip process. The stripping properties of the photoresist with optimized aqueous stripper were compared with the commercial organic stripper. The stripping performance was evaluated by electrical and optical characteristics on the surface of the transparent electrode that compare with stripped the transparent electrode surface and the rare surface before patterning by the photoresist. As a result of the photoresist stripping process of the organic stripper and the aqueous stripper optimized for water content, the aqueous stripper exhibited better electrical and optical characteristics than the organic stripper. In the case of the fluidic strip process with organic stripper, the photoresist dissolves in the stripper solution during stripping which can cause re-adsorption by contamination. Whereas that the aqueous stripper under development seems to decrease the photoresist dissolution in the stripper solution. Because the cyclodextrin contained in the stripper captures organic photoresist into hall of cyclodextrin which stripped through swelling and tearing. The photoresist residue captured by the cyclodextrin can be filtered. After the fluidic stripping process by different chemical stripping mechanism, the cleanliness of the organic stripper and aqueous stripper was compared and analyzed.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.266-275
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• 2012

In this study, a method is devised to implement a supercritical $CO_2$ ($scCO_2$) injection environment on a laboratory scale and to investigate the effects of $scCO_2$ on the properties of rock specimens. Specimens of shale and sandstone normally constituting the cap rock and reservoir rock, respectively, were kept in a laboratory reactor chamber with $scCO_2$ for two weeks. From this stage, a chemical reaction between rock surface and the $scCO_2$ was induced. The effect of saline water was also investigated by comparing three conditions ($scCO_2$-rock, $scCO_2-H_2O$-rock and $scCO_2$-brine(1M)-rock). Finally, we checked the changes in the properties before and after the reaction by destructive and nondestructive testing procedures. The swelling of shale was a main concern in this case. The experimental results suggested that $scCO_2$ has a greater effect on the swelling of the shale than pure water and brine. It was also observed that the largest swelling displacement of shale occurred after a reaction with the $H_2O-scCO_2$ solution. The results of a series of the destructive and nondestructive tests indicate that although each of the property changes of the rock differed depending on the reaction conditions, the $H_2O-scCO_2$ solution had the greatest effect. In this study, shale was highly sensitive to the reaction conditions. These results provide fundamental information pertaining to the stability of $CO_2$ storage sites due to physical and chemical reactions between the rocks in these sites and $scCO_2$.