• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.9D no.3
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• pp.365-380
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• 2002

Temporal data mining, the incorporation of temporal semantics to existing data mining techniques, refers to a set of techniques for discovering implicit and useful temporal knowledge from large quantities of temporal data. Temporal knowledge, expressible in the form of rules, is knowledge with temporal semantics and relationships, such as cyclic pattern, calendric pattern, trends, etc. There are many examples of temporal data, including patient histories, purchaser histories, and web log that it can discover useful temporal knowledge from. Many studies on data mining have been pursued and some of them have involved issues of temporal data mining for discovering temporal knowledge from temporal data, such as sequential pattern, similar time sequence, cyclic and temporal association rules, etc. However, all of the works treated data in database at best as data series in chronological order and did not consider temporal semantics and temporal relationships containing data. In order to solve this problem, we propose a theoretical framework for temporal data mining. This paper surveys the work to date and explores the issues involved in temporal data mining. We then define a model for temporal data mining and suggest SQL-like mining language with ability to express the task of temporal mining and show architecture of temporal mining system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the effects of five EMS lumbar back pressure belts produced on an anatomical basis on lumbar spine stabilization. Five core muscles were selected, including the urinal, vertebral column, endotracheal, external abdominal, and large back muscles, and patterns were designed using a conductive fabric considering the appropriate muscle shape and pain-causing points. We experimented with four motions to examine the effects of different EMS abdominal compression belts on lumbar spine stabilization. Five healthy men in their 20s were selected. The selection conditions include no back pain history for the past three months, no restricted movements through pre-inspection, and the muscular strength of the body should belong to the normal grade. Using SLR, the sequence of experimental actions was chosen from the following but not limited to left-hand, body-hand, and back-line forces. Resting between movements lasted for 2 min, and the experiments were conducted after wearing the EMS abdominal pressure belt. Electrical stimulation was applied for 10 min to increase blood flow and muscle activation. The statistics of the experimental results were analyzed for specific differences by conducting the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests with nonparametric tests. The ranking results of each pattern were successfully assessed in the order of 5, 4, 3, 1, 2 for the five patterns, and we could identify slightly more significant results for experimental behavior associated with each muscle movement. Patterns produced based on anatomy showed differentiated effects when electric stimulation was applied to each muscle in different shapes, which could improve the stabilization of the lumbar spine in everyday life or training to the public. Based on these results, subsequent research would focus on developing smart healthcare clothing that is practical in daily life by employing different anatomical mechanisms, depending on the back pain, to utilize trunk-type tights.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2002

염소소독 결과 수돗물 중에 존재하는 Dichloroacetic acid(DCAA)와 Trichloroacetic acid(TCAA)는 동물실험 결과 발암성 등 악영향을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 화합물들은 수돗물을 사용할 때 열을 가하면 그 농도가 변하게 된다. 이 연구에서는 설문조사를 통해 개인이 하루 동안에 섭취하는 수돗물의 양과 섭취패턴을 조사하고, 각 가정마다 수돗물의 농도를 측정하여 DCAA 및 TCAA에 대한 경구섭취 노출량을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 춘천에 위치하고 있는 60가정을 2002년 1월부터 2월 사이와 7월부터 8월 사이에 방문하여 수돗물을 채취하고, 주부를 대상으로 24시간 동안의 물 사용에 대한 설문을 실시하였으며, 아침 첫 소변을 회수하였다. 수돗물 및 소변 중 DCAA 및 TCAA에 대한 분석은 methyl ester 형태의 유도체를 만든 후 GC/PDECD로 분석하였다. 수돗물을 가열하면 DCAA의 농도는 증가하고, TCAA의 농도는 감소하였고, DCAA 및 TCAA의 경구 섭취량은 수돗물 중의 농도에 섭취부피와 가열시간에 따른 농도변화율을 곱하여 산출하였다. 실험 대상자들의 평균 수돗물 섭취부피는 1.7$\ell$이었고, 평균 가열시간은 10~15분이었다. 추정한 DCAA의 섭취량은 찬 수돗물만을 마시는 것을 가정한 것에 비해 182% 높았고, TCAA에 대해서는 30% 낮았다 이와 같은 결과는 우리나라 사람들의 식생활이 국이나 찌개 및 보리차 등과 같이 가열한 음식이나 음용수를 많이 섭취하기 때문이다. 그러므로 음용수 중 DCAA 및 TCAA의 인체 섭취 노출평가를 하기 위해서는 섭취한 부피뿐만 아니라 가열에 따른 농도 변화도 동시에 고려하여 야 한다.배 센타의 재고 완충역할을 수행하게 한다. 이에 따라 안전 재고 및 역 배송을 최소화 할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 미 출고로 인한 손실을 최소화하며 고객의 서비스를 일정하게 유지시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.증진, 페기물 발생 억제 분야에 상당한 성공을 거두었으며, 지금도 지속적으로 유지 관리 및 미비한 부분(CAER, 등)의 향상에 노력하고 있다. Dow Korea의 수입 판매 부분에 주로 관련된 Product Stewardship 및 Distribution Code는 여러 사업부 및 여러 지역(미국, 유럽, 아시아 등)에 위치한 담당자가 관련된 까닭에 가장 복잡한 부분이어서 많은 인력과 시간을 소비하면서 노력하고 있으나 아직까지 소정의 목표에 도달하지 못했으며, 2000년 말에 모든 실행지침이 실행되도록 목표, 실행 계획 및 조직을 수정하여 노력하고 있다.lumn density at distant position from MD5 is larger than that in the (:entral region. We have deduced that this hot-core has a mass of 10sR1 which i:s about an order of magnitude larger those obtained by previous studies.previous studies.업순서들의 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 개선된 해를 구하기 위한 연구가 요구된다. 또한, 준비작업비용을 발생시키는 작업장의 작업순서결정에 대해서도 연구를 행하여, 보완작업비용과 준비비용을 고려한 GMMAL 작업순서문제를 해결하기 위한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.로 이루어 져야 할 것이다.태를 보다 효율적으로 증진시킬 수 있는 대안이 마련되어져야 한다고 사료된다.$\

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.169-188
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• 2012

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the bibliographic description of ISBD Consolidated edition published in 2011 and to grasp the considerations in applying the rules of ISBD consolidated edition to KCR4. For achieving this, the four aspects were analyzed such as the description area and data elements, the resource types, the punctuation, and the order of the elements of ISBD Consolidated edition(2011). The characteristics of ISBD Consolidated edition are as follows. First, the content form and the media type area are added in new 0 area and elements are designated by mandatory to confirm to FRBR. Second, content form, content qualification and media type replaced GMD in title and statement of responsibility area. Third, the prescribed punctuations were retained even when this results in double punctuation, and individual square brackets were preferred than entire square brackets when using square brackets to all elements in same area. Fourth, the order of elements in description was set out by patterns of data elements in areas, therefore could reduce the confusion of the order of elements. ISBD Consolidated edition as an international standard would make various rules to maintain the uniformity, but also respects the bibliographic practices of individual countries. Therefore, each country must revise its own rule to conform the ISBD Consolidated edition as well as reflect its unique situation. In Korea, since KCR4 was developed based on the previous edition of ISBD, it should be revised to confirm to the ISBD Consolidated edition. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the revision of KCR4.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2023

The conventional bench blasting method uses the bottom initiation in all blast holes in a round, whereas the MDS (mixture detonation system) method applies the bottom and top initiations alternately according to the spatial position or temporal sequence of each blast hole. The former and latter are respectively called the SMDS (spatial MDS) and TMDS (temporal MDS) methods. Another variant called MMDS (modified MDS) is designed for the specific use in the site having a fly-rock problem. This study compares the MDS method to the conventional method in the aspect of rock fracturing effect. The comparison is made by numerical simulations for a two-row bench blasting model in the LS-DYNA. The SPH-FEM coupling method is utilized for constructing the blasting model. The SPH elements are used for the rock in the near-field region of the blast holes, and the FEM elements for that in the far-field region. The RHT material model is used for the rock. As a result of the simulations, it was found that up to 0.4 m deeper damaged zone was appeared in the SMDS method than in the conventional method for the case of the burden 1.6 m and bench height 3.0 m. In addition, the fly-rock velocity to the normal direction of the bench slope was appeared about 2.0 m/s lower in the MMDS method compared to the other methods.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.669-677
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• 2020

As the number of Internet users exploded, attacks on the web increased. In addition, the attack patterns have been diversified to bypass existing defense techniques. Traditional web firewalls are difficult to detect attacks of unknown patterns.Therefore, the method of detecting abnormal behavior by artificial intelligence has been studied as an alternative. Specifically, attempts have been made to apply natural language processing techniques because the type of script or query being exploited consists of text. However, because there are many unknown words in scripts and queries, natural language processing requires a different approach. In this paper, we propose a new classification model which uses byte pair encoding (BPE) technology to learn the embedding vector, that is often used for web attack payloads, and uses an attention mechanism-based Bi-GRU neural network to extract a set of tokens that learn their order and importance. For major web attacks such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and command injection attacks, the accuracy of the proposed classification method is about 0.9990 and its accuracy outperforms the model suggested in the previous study.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.195-209
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• 2008

Customers' needs change every moment. Profitability of stores can't be increased anymore with an existing standardized chain store management. Accordingly, a personalized store management tool needs through prediction of customers' preference. In this study, we propose a recommending procedure using dynamic customers' preference by analyzing the transaction database. We utilize self-organizing map algorithm and association rule mining which are applied to cluster the chain stores and explore purchase sequence of customers. We demonstrate that the proposed methodology makes an effect on recommendation of products in the market which is characterized by a fast fashion and a short product life cycle.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2007

Collaborative filtering is a method to predict preference items of a user based on the evaluations of items provided by others with similar preferences. Collaborative filtering helps general people make smart decisions in today's information society where information can be easily accumulated and analyzed. We designed, implemented, and evaluated a course recommendation system experimentally. This system can help university students choose courses they prefer to. Firstly, the system needs to collect the course preferences from students and store in a database. Users showing similar preference patterns are considered into similar groups. We use Pearson correlation as a similarity measure. We select K-nearest students to predict the unknown preferences of the student and provide a ranked list of courses based on the course preferences of K-nearest students. We evaluated the accuracy of the recommendation by computing the mean absolute errors of predictions using a survey on the course preferences of students.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 1988

Fatty acid composition and electrophoretic patterns of protein of Korean soybeans were studied, The protein content showed an inverse relation with the lipid content, The content of lipid types of total lipid was in the order of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid, Cultivar 102-B had higher content of neutral lipid but lower content of phospholipid compared with others. The main component of neutral lipid was triglyceride followed by sterol. The main fatty acids of total lipid were linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids, which comprised over 85% of total fatty acids. The main fatty acid of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were linoleic acid. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern of protein showed seven bands. The cultivar 102-B had the highest content of IIS globulin. Sodium-dodecyl sulfate PAG electrophoresis demonstrated that all soybeans had similar composition of subunit.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.603-615
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• 2005

As recent business environments are changed and become complex, a more efficient and effective business process management are needed. This paper proposes a new approach to the automatic execution of business processes using Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules that can be automatically triggered by an active database. First of all, we propose the concept of blocks that can classify process flows into several patterns. A block is a minimal unit that can specify the behaviors represented in a process model. An algorithm is developed to detect blocks from a process definition network and transform it into a hierarchical tree model. The behaviors in each block type are modeled using ACTA formalism. This provides a theoretical basis from which ECA rules are identified. The proposed ECA rule-based approach shows that it is possible to execute the workflow using the active capability of database without users' intervention.