• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.354-372
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the philosophical position of various scientific theories based on the scientific worldviews for science education. In addition, it aims to expand science education, which has usually dealt with epistemology and methodology, to ontology, that is, to the problem of metaphysics. It can be said that there exists a physical realism, traditionally defined as a strong determinism of the metaphysical belief. That is fixed and unchanging objective scientific knowledge independent of our minds, which was established by Newton, Einstein and Schridinger. What can be seen in the natural laws of dynamics can be called 'mathematicization'. Einstein also shook the traditional views to some extent through the theory of relativity, but his theory was still close to traditional thinking. On the contrary, to escape from this rigid determinism, we need anthropomorphic concepts such as 'possibility' and 'chance'. It is a characteristic of the modern scientific worldviews that leads the change of scientific theory from a classically strong deterministic thought to a weak deterministic accidental accident, probability theory, and a naturalistic point of view. This can be said to correspond to Darwin's theory of evolution and quantum mechanics. We can have three types of epistemological worlds that justify this ontological worldviews. These are rationalism, empiricism and naturalism. In many cases, science education does not tell us what kind of metaphysical beliefs the scientific theories we deal with in the field of education are based on. Also, science education focuses only on the understanding of scientific knowledge. However, it can be said that true knowledge can bring understanding only when it is connected to the knowledge of learned knowledge and the learner's own metaphysical belief in the world. Therefore, in the future, science education needs to connect various scientific theories based on scientific worldviews and philosophical position and present them to students.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.251-274
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of PCK before class, investigate how these characteristics are enacted in classrooms when beginning and experienced teachers teach mathematical functions, and provide pedagogical implications. Two beginning teachers and two experienced teachers participated in the study. In order to analyze characteristics of PCK before class, interviews and survey research were conducted. An investigation of classroom discourse was used to examine how the PCK characteristics appear in classrooms. Results show that experiences teachers enacted their PCK about learner, curriculum, teaching methods, and teaching environment in classrooms, whereas beginning teachers could not show their PCK. These results suggest practical implications for the developments of teacher education curriculum and teacher training program.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.307-315
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to design a training program for pre-service elementary teachers, incorporating the concepts of extended reality technologies. This program contained the basic skills necessary for them to utilize in their future classrooms. To accomplish this, 12 undergraduate students of various majors enrolled in one of Korea's national universities of education were selected as research subjects. For a total of 6 times over 6 weeks, they participated in a training program learning the basic concepts of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, as well as creating their own education software to use in simulated classes. To improve the quality of future research efforts, this study found it would be beneficial to: 1) expand the relevant support equipment, 2) provide students with preliminary, background knowledge of text-based programming, 3) introduce short-term, more intensive training, and 4) improve the survey methods for this research.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.384-395
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• 2023

Since transpiration plays a key role in optimal irrigation management, knowledge of the irrigation demand of crops like tomatoes, which are highly susceptible to water stress, is necessary. One way to determine irrigation demand is to measure transpiration, which is affected by environmental factor or growth stage. This study aimed to estimate the transpiration amount of tomatoes and find a suitable model using mathematical and deep learning models using minute-by-minute data. Pearson correlation revealed that observed environmental variables significantly correlate with crop transpiration. Inside air temperature and outside radiation positively correlated with transpiration, while humidity showed a negative correlation. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Polynomial Regression model, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long short-term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models were built and compared their accuracies. All models showed potential in estimating transpiration with R² values ranging from 0.770 to 0.948 and RMSE of 0.495 mm/min to 1.038 mm/min in the test dataset. Deep learning models outperformed the mathematical models; the GRU demonstrated the best performance in the test data with 0.948 R² and 0.495 mm/min RMSE. The LSTM and ANN closely followed with R² values of 0.946 and 0.944, respectively, and RMSE of 0.504 m/min and 0.511, respectively. The GRU model exhibited superior performance in short-term forecasts while LSTM for long-term but requires verification using a large dataset. Compared to the FAO56 Penman-Monteith (PM) equation, PM has a lower RMSE of 0.598 mm/min than MLR and Polynomial models degrees 2 and 3 but performed least among all models in capturing variability in transpiration. Therefore, this study recommended GRU and LSTM models for short-term estimation of tomato transpiration in greenhouses.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.149-158
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• 2014

The rapidly changing 21st-century knowledge and information society is emphasizing converged education that crosses various academic fields. In particular, the society expected the cultivation of the talent who balance scientific creativity and artistic sensitivity by adding arts to the existing converged education revolving around science and technology. However, at present, most STEAM education has been actively conducted with a focus on science and technology, whereas the subject of arts has been regarded or utilized as a supplementary means. Its problem is that the educational characteristics and values of art education have not been effectively utilized in educational terms and this could lead to superficial integrated education. In this respect, this study had the knowledge of various fields, such as science, technology, and mathematics, utilized usefully during the process of experiencing and creating arts. Accordingly, this study designed an education programs as with the case of Nam-Jun Baek who expanded the dominion of arts by creatively utilizing his own time's scientific technologies. In this educational process, the target program was developed in a manner that enables EPL to be utilized essentially as the study's knowledge-based tool and medium. The results of applying this educational program in 5th-grade elementary school students showed that the program has positive effects on the creative attributes of the students.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-86
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• 1997

The purposes of this paper are to show problem-solving strategies and their typical problems to suggest specific ways to teach strategies to promote problem-solving abilities. (1) Problem-solving strategies can be divided into general strategies and specific strategies. General strategies refer to procedural teaching-learning activities based on Polya's 4 step problem-solving. Specific strategies refer to Lenchner's 12 problem solving strategies and their characteristics which are helpful to the substantial solution of specific problems. (2) Concerning to problem-solving strategies teaching, the followings are suggested. First, the sequence of strategy teaching should be from easy to difficult ones, from short to long ones. Second problems for strategy training should be simple and good enough to serve as examples of the strategies. Repetition with similar problems are needed. Third, analysis and comparison of various strategies, and extension and adaptation of the strategies to complicate problems are needed. Fourth, procedures of strategies teaching are the follows: Have students make their own strategies focused on the solution process; Have students solve the problems with expectation of the solving methods; Have students compare and reflect on their solving methods; And assess problem - solving processes.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.239-257
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• 2020

This study analyzes the degree of freedom with three aspects: as academic knowledge, in the curriculum focused on textbooks, and students' understanding of the degree of freedom. The results provide five critical points. First, we need discussions on whether to include the degree of freedom in the curriculum. Second, we need to reconsider the current way textbooks are described. Third, there should be a didactical analysis to advance students' understanding of the concept of the degree of freedom. Fourth, there are limitations in learning the concept of the degree of freedom in the current textbook learning environment. Fifth, a didactical check of sampling distribution such as sample mean, sample variance, and sample standard deviation is required. The implications were drawn that the emphasis on statistical reasoning education in the curriculum and careful consideration of introducing the t-distribution curriculum was required.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.129-136
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• 2011

Variable Message Signs have been used for providing information on the current traffic conditions. However, it is considered more important to achieve optimal traffic allocation among the alternative routes by strategic VMS information provision. Fuzzy control is very effective and efficient to deal with such systems that are too complex and uncertain to build mathematical models. In this paper, a fuzzy feedback controller for VMS is proposed, whose goal is to achieve the travel time equilibrium between the two alternative routes. The performance of the suggested controller is implemented and examined using MATLAB/Simulink. More robust controller applicable to a real highway network is suggested for the further research.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.99-129
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study is to determine antecedents in the area of subject matters and to compare these factors between average student group and gifted student group, based on the implicit theory proposed by Sternberg(1993). The average group consisted of 350 primary school students (boy 172; girl 178) from a primary school and 380 middle school students (boy 221; girl 159) from a middle school in Taejeon Metropolitan City. The gifted group consisted of 181 primary school students (boy 130; girl 51) and 154 middle school students (boy 92; girl 62) from the Center for the Gifted Education of the Kong Ju National University. A questionnaire was developed by the authors. It consisted of 30 research questions related to reasons why they studied those subject matters hard. It took about 40 minutes to complete the questionnaire. Several exploratory factor analyses and confirmative analyses were conducted. The main results obtained were as follows: The subject matters all the students of the present study were English and Math. The main reasons why they studied those subject matters hard were interest, utility, competition, self-esteem, entrance examination, recognition, punishment avoidance, etc. A factor analysis revealed that, for the elementary school students, recognition and interest were factors for the average students, whereas knowledge acquisition was an unique factor for the gifted. Utility was common factor for both groups. A factor analysis revealed that, for the middle school students, knowledge acquisition was the main factor for the average students, whereas competition was the unique factor for the gifted. Recognition, interest, and utility were common factors for the both groups.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2004

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a technique that delivers a high dose to a target legion and a low dose to a critical organ through only one or a few irradiations. For this purpose, many mathematical methods for optimization have been proposed. There are some limitations to using these methods: the long calculation time and difficulty in finding a unique solution due to different tumor shapes. In this study, many clinical target shapes were examined to find a typical pattern of tumor shapes from which some possible ideal geometrical shapes, such as spheres, cylinders, cones or a combination, are assumed to approximate real tumor shapes. Using the arrangement of multiple isocenters, optimum variables, such as isocenter positions or collimator size, were determined. A database was formed from these results. The optimization procedure consisted of the following steps: Any shape of tumor was first assumed to an ideal model through a geometry comparison algorithm, then optimum variables for ideal geometry chosen from the predetermined database, followed by a final adjustment of the optimum parameters using the real tumor shape. Although the result of applying the database to other patients was not superior to the result of optimization in each case, it can be acceptable as a plan starling point.