• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.783-791
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• 2002

An improved formulation for multi-objective optimization was proposed. This formulation was applied to steel seismic loads. The multi-objective optimization problem was formulated with minimum structural weight, maximum strstability. The global criterion method was employed to find a rational solution closest to the ideal solution for the optimization problem using standard steel profile, To efficiently solve the optimization problem, the decomposition meth both system-level and element-level was used. In addition, various techniques including efficient reanalysis technique intermediate variables and sensitivity analysis using an automatic differentiation(AD) were incorporated. Moreover the reamong section properties fitted to the section profile used in order to link the system level and the element level. From numerical investigation, it could be stated that the proposed method will lead to the more rational design compared with one.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

With a given spring-mass-damper system, $H_{\infty}$ and ${\mu}$-synthesis control methods are used to build system controllers which minimize vibrations at two major natural frequencies in two cases; without uncertainty; with 20% uncertainty. In order to check the stability and performance of two controllers, those are examined using GM and PM values. The signal strength of output responses is compared using the concept of central numerical differentiation and then results are quantified using the RMS method. Lastly, 40 random samples of $H_{\infty}$ and ${\mu}$-synthesis controllers are obtained for three different $W_{per\;f1}$ weighting functions and drawn in the time domain in order to compare the stability. Overall, ${\mu}$-synthesis controller manages the vibrations much better than $H_{\infty}$ controller according to the robust stability and performance values obtained by simulating random samples of 40 plant models.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2017

In this study, we derived theoretical equations for the zigzag movement of a leading vehicle, which is the most frequent behavior in train accidents, by using a simplified spring-mass model for the rolling stock. In order to solve the equations of motion, we applied the Runge-Kutta method, which is the typical numerical analysis method used for differential equations. Furthermore, the lateral displacement of the wheel-set at the wheel-rail interface was estimated using kinetic energy. In order to verify the derived equations, we compared the theoretical and simulated results under various collision conditions. The maximum relative deviations of the lateral displacements were 0.8 [%] ~ 4.7 [%] in light collisions and 0.6 [%] ~ 5.1 [%] under derailment conditions. When an accident is simulated, these theoretical equations can be used to predict the overall behavior and obtain the offset of the body-to-body link as the initial perturbation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics T
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• v.36T no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 1999

This paper presents a new possibility of calculating optimal control for large scale which consist of non-linear dynamic sub-systems using two level hierarchical structures method. And the proposed method is based on the idea of block pulse transformation to simplify the algorithm and its calculation. This algorithm used an expansion around the equilibrium point of the system to fix the second and higher order terms. These terms are compensated for iteratively at the second level by providing a prediction for the states and controls which form of a part of the higher order terms. In this new approach the quadratic penalty terms are not used in the cost function. This allows convergence over a longer time horizon and also provides faster convergence. And the method is applied to the problem of optimization of the synchronous machine. Results show that the new approach is superior to conventional numerical method or other previous algorithm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1691-1696
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• 2010

The efforts of reflecting the system's uncertainties in design step have been made and robust optimization or reliabilitybased design optimization are examples of the most famous methodologies. The statistical moments of a performance function and the constraints corresponding to probability conditions are involved in the formulation of these methodologies. Therefore, it is essential to effectively and accurately calculate them. The sensitivities of these methodologies have to be determined when nonlinear programming is utilized during the optimization process. The sensitivity of statistical moments and probability constraints is expressed in the integral form and limited to the normal random variable; we aim to expand the sensitivity formulation to nonnormal variables. Additional functional calculation will not be required when statistical moments and failure or satisfaction probabilities are already obtained at a design point. On the other hand, the accuracy of the sensitivity results could be worse than that of the moments because the target function is expressed as a product of the performance function and the explicit functions derived from probability density functions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 1999

In order to develop a convenient method for the estimation of transport distance of settling stones in quiescent water or flowing water, introduced was the simple but relatively accurate equation of drag coefficient. The equation of drag coefficient introduced was confirmed to give relatively accurate evaluation for the drag force of smooth-surface sphere, and the effects of surface roughness and shape can be considered by adjusting empirical parameters. A theoretical equation has been developed for the settling velocity or settling distance of smooth-surface sphere in quiescent fluid, and the computation results have been obtained by adjusting the empirical parameter for the settling distance of stone in quiescent water. The 2nd order ordinary differential equation has been developed for the case of settling stones in flowing fluid, and a numerical model has been developed by using Runge-Kutta method for its solution. A number of cases have been tested by adjusting the empirical parameter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.288-288
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• 2018

점착성 유사는 응집 현상을 겪는 유사로, 응집 현상(Flocculation Process)는 응집 과정(Aggregation Process)와 파괴 과정(Breakup Process)의 경쟁으로 이루어진다고 여겨진다. 응집 현상을 통해 점착성 유사는 물과 점착성을 띠는 작은 입자들의 덩어리인 플럭(Floc)을 형성하여 흐름 내에서는 대부분이 플럭의 형태로 이동한다. 점착성 유사의 응집 모형 중 하나인 플럭 성장모형(Floc Growth Model, FGM)은 상미분 방정식으로 시간에 따른 플럭의 크기를 계산하는 모형이다. 응집과 파괴의 평형 상태에서 평균 입경을 얻는다. 이러한 FGM은 낮은 수치 계산 비용으로 합리적인 계산 결과를 얻을 수 있으며, 유사 이동 모형 혹은 흐름 모형과의 결합이 수월한 장점을 가진다. 또한, 닫힌 계(Closed System)에서 질량이 보존되는 특징이 있다. 반면, 결정론적인 특성을 띠면서 특정 플럭 크기만을 계산하기 때문에 점착성 유사의 입도 분포에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 없다. 결정론적 특성을 띠는 FGM에 추계학적 방법을 적용함으로써 특정 확률 분포형을 가지는 플럭의 입도 분포를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기 개발된 추계학적 FGM과 유사 이동 모형의 결합을 통해 변화하는 유수동역학적 조건에서 플럭의 입도 분포를 산정하고자 한다. 이전의 많은 실험실 실험 결과들은 부유가 발생한 상태를 유지하면서 수행되는 것으로, 특정 난류 특성(난류 소산 매개변수)와 특정 유사 농도 조건에서의 입도 분포를 얻는다. 그러나 하구부 및 하천의 하류는 조류의 영향을 받는 구간으로, 점착성 유사의 특성을 분석하기 위해서는 변화하는 유수동역학적 특성에 관한 고려가 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 결합된 점착성 유사 입도 분포 모형은 플럭의 침강과 재부유를 고려할 수 있는 특징을 가지며, 실측자료와의 비교를 통해 입도 분포를 합리적으로 모의하는 것으로 나타난다. 본 연구에서 개발된 점착성 유사 입도 분포 모형은 나아가 비점착성 유사의 입도 분포 모형과의 결합을 통해 두 종류의 유사가 혼재하는 구간에서도 합리적인 입도분포와 유사의 이동을 모의할 수 있을 것으로 예측된다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 1997

In this paper, a novel method for obtaining spectra of short pulses is proposed. This method will be well-applied to perform spectral analyses of ultrashort laser pulses which are known to be difficult to evaluate their exact forms in frequency domain because of their narrow-width characteristics in time domain. It must be noted that the method can be represented by a recursive formula derived from the PRS(partial-response signaling) model, and thus more easily available for numerical solutions than the conventional methods such as consecutive differentiations and convolutions. The pulses whose fundamental frames can be exactly determined or approximately represented by truncated Fourier series have well-behaving conditions for applications of this new method. Moreover, the transversal 9-type PRS model can offer various approximations for spectral analyses of ultrashort pulses currently used in transmission systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.205-212
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• 2018

In order to overcome shortcomings of commercial analysis program for solving certain geotechnical problems, finite element method adopting isoparametric quadrilateral element was selected as a tool for analyzing soil behavior and calculating process was programmed. Two examples were considered in order to verify reliability of the developed program. One of the two examples is the case of acting isotropic confining pressure on finite element and the other is the case of acting shear stress on the sides of the finite element. Isoparametric quadrilateral element was considered as the finite element and displacements in the element can be expressed by node displacements and shape functions in the considered element. Calculating process for determining strain which is defined by derivatives using global coordinates was coded using the Jacobian and the natural coordinates. Four point Gauss rule was adopted to convert double integral which defines stiffness of the element into numerical integration. As a result of executing analysis of the finite element under isotropic confining pressure, calculated stress corresponding to four Gauss points and center of the element were equal to the confining pressure. In addition, according to the analyzed results for the element under shear stress, horizontal stresses and vertical stresses were varied with positions in the element and the magnitudes and distribution pattern of the stresses were thought to be rational.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.936-946
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• 2007

Analytical geopotential field in balance with the sectoral mode (the first symmetric mode with respect to the equator) of the Rossby-Haurwitz wave on the inclined rotation axis was derived in presence of superrotation background flow. The balanced field was obtained by inverting the divergence equation with the time derivative being zero. The inversion consists of two steps, i.e., the evaluation of nonlinear forcing terms and the finding of analytical solutions based on the Poisson's equation. In the second step, the forcing terms in the from of Legendre function were readily inverted due to the fact that Legendre function is the eigenfunction of the spherical Laplacian operator, while other terms were solved either by introducing a trial function or by integrating the Legendre equation. The balanced field was found to be expressed with six zonal wavenumber components, and shown to be of asymmetric structure about the equator. In association with asymmetricity, the advantageous point of the balanced field as a validation method for the numerical model was addressed. In special cases where the strength of the background flow is a half of or exactly the same as the rotation rate of the Earth it was revealed that one of the zonal wavenumber components vanishes. The analytical balanced field was compared with the geopotential field which was obtained using a spherical harmonics spectral model. It was found that the normalized difference lied in the order of machine rounding, indicating the reliability of the analytical results. The stability of the sectoral mode of Rossby-Haurwitz wave and the associated balanced field was discussed, comparing with the flrst antisymmetric mode.