• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-105
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• 1995

본고(本稿)에서는 공적분방법(共積分方法)을 이용한 우리나라의 수출함수(輸出函數) 추정(推定)을 시도하였다. 이를 위하여 수출물량(輸出物量), 교역상대국(交易相對國)의 소득(所得), 수출품의 상대가격(相對價格)으로 이루어지는 수출수요함수(輸出需要函數)를 가정하고 각 변수에 대한 단위근(單位根) 검정(檢定)과 추정식의 공적분(共積分) 검정(檢定)을 실시하였다. 단위근(單位根) 검정(檢定) 결과(結果) 해당 변수 모두가 단위근(單位根)을 갖는 것으로 판명되었으나, 이들 사이에 유의한 공적분관계(共積分關係)는 발견되지 않았다. 공적분(共積分)이 존재하지 않는다는 것은 수출수요함수(輸出需要函數)에 누락된 변수(變數)가 있을 가능성을 시사하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본고의 후반부에서는 이같이 누락되어 있는 변수들의 총체를 비가격경쟁력(非價格競爭力) 변수로 명명하고 이를 Kalman Filtering 방법으로 추정하고자 하였다. 추정결과, 얻어진 비가격경쟁력(非價格競爭力) 계열의 시간경로 모습은 대체적으로 선험적 기대에 부합하였으나 이로 인한 소득(所得) 및 가격탄성치(價格彈性値)의 변화는 몇가지 이론적인 근거에서 기대하였던 크기에 미흡하였다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-126
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• 1995

본고에서는 우리나라의 수출수요함수(輸出需要函數) 추정(推定)에 있어서 1) 통상적으로 많이 사용되고 있는 수출단가지수(輸出單價指數) 대신 수출물가지수(輸出物價指數)를 이용하고, 2) 공적분(共積分)벡터의 추정에 있어서 Engle and Granger(EG)의 정태적(靜態的) OLS 대신 효율적(效率的) 추정법(推定法)(efficient estimator)을 이용하여 수출(輸出)의 소득(所得) 및 가격탄성치(價格彈性値)를 추정(推定)하고자 하였다. 추정결과(推定結果) 소득탄성치(所得彈性値)는 어느 경우에나 큰 차이가 없었으나 가격탄성치(價格彈性値)에 있어서는 큰 차이가 발견되었다. 즉 수출단가(輸出單價)를 EG방법(方法)으로 추정(推定)한 경우에는 비탄력적(非彈力的)인 것으로, 수출물가(輸出物價)를 이용한 경우에는 단위탄력성(單位彈力性)을 갖는 것으로, 그리고 효율적(效率的) 추정법(推定法)을 이용한 경우에는 매우 탄력적(彈力的)인 것으로 판명되었다. 또 EG 방법을 이용한 경우에는 공적분관계(共積分關係)의 존재가 부정되었으나 효율적(效率的) 추정법(推定法)을 이용한 경우에는 유의(有意)한 공적분관계(共積分關係)가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the world rice market through structure and conduct frameworks utilizing annual data from 1970 to 2007. The world rice market has been unstable for much of the period post-World War II, with prices volatile and the availability of supplies uncertain. Therefore, analysis of the structure and conduct of the world rice market can provide information to better formulate the direction of future policies. Also, this paper will describe the effects of total production, export rice price, market concentration, and real exchange rate for exporting countries on total export rice volume. On basis of the expected results, the international rice market possesses market power with respects to static calculation and hypothesis test, and it will be demonstrated that exporting countries' currency crucially affects the exporting quantity and market power of those same exporting countries.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2007

From January 2000 to September 2006, we use the 81 months of the data to estimate the exportation and importation function of the Korea information communications main device industry towards to U.S., and through this process we extract the cost elasticity. And from cost elsticity, we estimate the exportation and importation enlarging effect between Korea and U.S assumption of the exportation and importation reduction rate was givien to MRA contract between Korea and U.S.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.47-69
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• 1990

Using an aggregator model, we look into the possibilities for substitution between Korea's exports, imports, domestic sales and domestic inputs (particularly labor), and substitution between disaggregated export and import components. Our approach heavily draws on an economy-wide GNP function that is similar to Samuelson's, modeling trade functions as derived from an integrated production system. Under the condition of homotheticity and weak separability, the GNP function would facilitate consistent aggregation that retains certain properties of the production structure. It would also be useful for a two-stage optimization process that enables us to obtain not only the net output price elasticities of the first-level aggregator functions, but also those of the second-level individual components of exports and imports. For the implementation of the model, we apply the Symmetric Generalized McFadden (SGM) function developed by Diewert and Wales to both stages of estimation. The first stage of the estimation procedure is to estimate the unit quantity equations of the second-level exports and imports that comprise four components each. The parameter estimates obtained in the first stage are utilized in the derivation of instrumental variables for the aggregate export and import prices being employed in the upper model. In the second stage, the net output supply equations derived from the GNP function are used in the estimation of the price elasticities of the first-level variables: exports, imports, domestic sales and labor. With these estimates in hand, we can come up with various elasticities of both the net output supply functions and the individual components of exports and imports. At the aggregate level (first-level), exports appear to be substitutable with domestic sales, while labor is complementary with imports. An increase in the price of exports would reduce the amount of the domestic sales supply, and a decrease in the wage rate would boost the demand for imports. On the other hand, labor and imports are complementary with exports and domestic sales in the input-output structure. At the disaggregate level (second-level), the price elasticities of the export and import components obtained indicate that both substitution and complement possibilities exist between them. Although these elasticities are interesting in their own right, they would be more usefully applied as inputs to the computational general equilibrium model.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.3-24
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• 1987

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 한국 일본 대만의 대미수출(對美輸出) 시장점유율(市場占有率) 경쟁양태(競爭樣態)를 분석하고 동경쟁(同競爭)에 있어서 각국 환율(換率)의 역할(役割)을 규명하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. AIDS 수요함수체계(需要函數體系)를 원용하고 거시자료(巨視資料)를 이용하여 이들 3국수출(國輸出)의 미국(美國) 시장점유율함수체계(市場占有率函數體系)를 추정 분석한 결과 한국과 일본, 대만과 일본간에는 각각 강한 대체관계(代替關係)가 존재하는 반면 한국과 대만간에는 높은 대체관계(代替關係)를 발견되지 않았다. 한편 그룹으로서의 한(韓) 일(日) 대만(臺灣)의 대미수출(對美輸出)은 여타국 대미수출(對美輸出)과는 높은 대체성을 보이는 반면 미국의 수입경쟁재(輸入競爭財)와는 거의 대체성이 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 미국 총지출(總支出)의 동(同)3국(國)으로부터의 수입점유율(輸入占有率)에 대한 소득효과(所得效果)가 강하게 나타났다. 연구결과(硏究結果)에 의하면 지금까지의 엔고(高)에 따라 대만이 한국에 비해 더 높은 시장점유율(市場占有率)의 증가(增加)를 시현한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 한국의 경우 일본과 대만의 경우와는 반대로 자국환율변동(自國換率變動)보다도 국내물가변동(國內物價變動)이 대미수출(對美輸出)에 더 큰 효과를 미쳤던 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국의 경우 원화(貨) 환율효과(換率效果)가 엔화(貨) 환율(換率)의 교차효과(交叉效果)에 의해 압도되고 있어 원화(貨) 및 엔화(貨)의 대(對)달러환율(換率)이 동일한 퍼센트로 절하(切下)(절상(切上))될 경우 3국(國)의 대미수출시장(對美輸出市場)에서의 한국의 점유율(占有率)은 오히려 감소(減少)(증가(增加))되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 미국의 원화(貨) 절상압력(切上壓力)은 한국과 일본의 대체관계(代替關係)로 인해, 그리고 한(韓) 일(日) 대만(臺灣)에 대한 환율절상압력(換率切上壓力)은 이들과 여타국간의 대체관계(代替關係)로 인해 미국의 총수입억제(總輸入抑制)에 도움이 되지 않을 것이며 오히려 미국의 총지출억제(總支出抑制)가 보다 효과적(效果的)인 수입축소방안(輸入縮小方案)인 것으로 나타났다.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.41-76
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• 2017

This paper analyses the market shares and the export similarity indexes (ESI) of Korea, Japan and China in ASEAN, and then identifies the determinants of Korea's exports to ASEAN countries using single equation cointegration approaches, such as fully modified OLS (FMOLS), dynamic OLS (DOLS), and canonical cointegration regression (CCR). Various regression results are as follows: As expected, Korea's real exports tend to increase as importing country's GDP grows. The competing third country's currency depreciation affects Korea's exports differently from country to country. Most notably, it doesn't significantly affect Korean exports in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. These results suggest that bilateral or third country exchange rates are not that important or decisive factors to determine Korea's exports to ASEAN countries in the long-run while economic growth in ASEAN countries matters most.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-133
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• 2011

This paper aims to analyze the causal relationships between agricultural exports and economic growth in the U.S. economy by 50 states. Using the annual data from 1973 to 2007, the theoretical methodologies based on the export-led growth (ELG) model under the static model, the impulse response function (IRF) and forecast error variation decomposition (FEVD) under the vector autoregressive (VAR) model, and the Granger causality test. The results show the causal relationship between agricultural exports and economic growth at the states' level. Especially, the ELG hypothesis is strongly supported in the case of 16 states (HI, ID, KS, MD, MI, MN, NJ, NC, ND, OK, OR, RI, SD, TX, WA, and WI) and is also weakly supported in the case of 31 states. Therefore, the agricultural exports are important factor of developing in the U.S. economy, and furthermore some states (located in coastal area and breadbasket) indicate the strong evidence for agricultural exports-led growth.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.377-401
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• 2011

Under the WTO system, direct export support system that provides financial and tax related support is altogether prohibited. This presented an obstacle in strengthening competitiveness of Korean export business and in increasing exports continuously. One of the methods used to solve this problem was to actively leverage export insurance. In Korea, export insurance services have been conducted by the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation (k-sure) to promote export. Korea has been among the world's active users of the export insurance system. Given this situation, this paper examines the effectiveness of the Korea export insurance system in the promotion of export. In particular, this study analyzed about discriminating effects of the export insurance on the export of big and small-medium business. In order to analyze, We introduce a Export Supply Function model. In this paper, We construct two model. The one is about big business, the other is small-medium business. For empirical analysis, unit-root test was conducted to understand the safety of time series. The results show that all variables are not I(0) time series. Instead, they are I(1) time series. To this, cointegration verification was conducted based on the use of Johansen verification method to define the existence (or non-existence) of long-term balance relationship among variables. The results come out as follows. The export insurance of big business has a stronger effect on export than that of small-medium business. The cause of these results is due to the distinct structure of Korea industries. In view of the fact that the insurance can make the risk decreased. We can say that the export insurance affects the export of a high-risk country.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2011

The paper aims at examining the behavioral characteristics of the passenger car export of Gunsan, Pyeongtaek, and Ulsan port. This is accomplished by modelling export demand as exchange rate and the Unites States industrial production. All series span the period January 2001 to December 2010. I first show that both the series and the residuals are stationary at the 5 percent significance level. The result cannot reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in each of the level variables and of a unit root for the residuals from the cointegration regression at the 5 percent significance level. I hitherto make use of forecast error decomposition and historical decompositions The forecast error decomposition indicates that car export is endogenous to industrial production and exchange rate. The historical decompositions for the export show that the entire difference between actual export and the base forecast can be attributed to industrial production shocks since exchange rate moves closer to the actual data or the base forecast. It indicates that industrial production outperforms exchange rate in explaining the passenger car exports.