• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2011

The changes of forest degradation in North Korea have closely been related to political, economic and social conditions at all different times. The deforestation by local people for their livelihood has been accelerated when the recession has been worsened due to the 1990's collapse of socialism and the years of natural disasters, and the fall of the centralized and planned economy system. The serious recession in the 1990's has brought many changes in the North Korean society since the 2000's. Not only the underground economy, but also the market in which personal trades are occurred have been expanded as the distribution system of the planned economy system had fallen. In addition, even many state institutions have also increased timber harvest for export to acquire insufficient foreign currency. Eventually, North Korea felt the limits of utilization of forest resources under socialism then started to seek measures to restore devastated forest, while realizing the need of support from the international society. Therefore, some NGOs of South Korea started to give financial support on building tree nurseries in which seedlings for planting are produced to help the rehabilitation of the degraded forests in North Korea. Therefore, Planning of the basic directions for forest rehabilitation programs considering to economic and social conditions of North Korea are needed based on the successful rehabilitation experience of South Korea in the 1970's. First of all, relationships which was built after collapse of centrally planned economy between districts, businesses and workers must be consider to rehabilitate forests in North Korea. Secondly, due to the nature of forest rehabilitation projects this is very needs voluntary participation of resident for a long time, and then forest rehabilitation projects can create jobs for local resident, they can obtain continuous income on the forest rehabilitation projects field in order to promote resident's work in forest rehabilitation projects. Thirdly, the rate dependence on forests of the residents living must keep the level down by rural development projects going side by side with forest rehabilitation projects. Fourthly, use of exsisting forest management system in North Korea is also needed to ensure administrative power and labor for grand scale plantations in a short period of time. Meanwhile after the success of Forest Rehabilitation, it is very important to improve exsisting forest management system.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-82
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• 2018

Lately, recognition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been changing. CSR turned out to be a powerful tool which a company incorporates to improve its image. Nowadays, it is no longer an option, but a shared sense which is a source of corporate growth and competitiveness. CSR has changed with times and the economic environment, especially as the global value chain (GVC) came to be more vital, it became accepted as an effective means of growth strategy for small and medium exporters. For SMEs exporters, participating in GVC requires that they meet international standards for CSR demanded by global enterprises. Reflecting this trend, exporters should strive to achieve both goals of social responsibility fulfillment and efficient growth through CSR activities. As one of the key measures for a sustainable growth of an organization, the following are the policy implications. First, it is necessary to establish a national organization dedicated to CSR for small businesses. The central government should establish an organization which is exclusively responsible for CSR of SMEs and oversee the task of CSR of small businesses. Second, the development and verification of the CSV evaluation model should be promoted. The international trend of CSR should be promptly spread out to individual firms and supported to maximize economic effects through consultancy. Third, it should be linked to global advancement. CSR reports by small and mid-size businesses will have to be written to ensure that they have a real effect on the global value chain.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-122
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• 2013

Korea's trade balance in service showed surplus in 2012 on the basis of BPM5. This is recorded by 14 years since 1999. This owes to decrease of deficit in tourism balance, increase of surplus in construction and transportation, and shift from deficit to surplus, even in small portion, in personal cultural recreational services balance. While externally the global economic growth becomes inactive and the Korean Won has appreciated, internally Korean service industry is very weak and is not equipped with international competitiveness. This study intends to look into service surplus items and services deficit items and to present measures that will be able to strengthen competitiveness in service industry. As a short case study, German and Japan was benchmarked, as they are the countries which are developed on the basis of manufacturing like Korea. And in this study, by analyzing surplus items and deficit items in trade balance sheet, it is attempted to suggest policies which would be available for strengthening service industry. As the service industry is a highly value-added one, it is necessary to designate promising categories and intensively foster as strategic industry. Service industry has their own characteristics distinguished with manufacturing goods. It has very different logistics and payment system with manufacturing industry. It means there must be independent support systems which reflect the nature of industrial classification in service industry. It is necessary to provide export support system, to organize export market development group, to support marketing, to set common logistics center, to support diplomatic means, to provide legal service and so on.

• 전기의세계
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.21-30
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• 1992

내연기관의 가솔린자동차보다 역사가 오래된 전기자동차는 상대적으로 주생성능과 가격 경쟁력의 열세로 그 자취를 감추었고 최근까지 주로 특수목적의 단거리 저속차량으로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 1890년대 후반부터 전세계가 자동차배기가스에 의한 대기오염과 지구온난화 현상등의 문제를 심각하게 공감하게 되었고 마침내 미국 캘리포니아주에서는 전가자동차의 강제판매를 규정화하게 이르렀다. 이 규정에 의하면 1998년도부터 차량 판매대수의 2%를 전기자동차 판매로 강제요구하고 있다. 이 비율은 2000녀도에 5% 2003년에는 10%로 늘어날 계획이다. 따라서 미국에 많은 자동차를 수출하고 있는 일본, 독일 및 여러 유럽국가에서는 이 사업에 막대한 자금을 투자하며 개발에 몰두하고 있다. 미국의 Big3도 에너지성의 도움으로 최근 USABC를 결성하여 전기자동차 개발에 박차를 가하고 있다. 지금까지 기존의 가솔린자동차 기술에 있어서 일본과 독일에 상대적 열세에 있었던 미국도 이번 캘리포니아주의 전기자동차 강제판매 규정에 따른 전기자동차 사업으로 미국자동차 시장의 새로운 판도를 조성하겠다는 의도인듯하다. 국내에서도 정부가 이 사업의 중요성을 심각히 인식하고 G7사업과제의 하나로 선정하여 산, 학, 연 각층의 전문가가 참여하여 성공적으로 개발을 마칠 수 있도록 적극 지원하고 있다. 지금까지의 평균주행성능을 보면 최고속도 100-120km/h, 일층전 최대주행거리 150-200km 정도이며, 아직 양산체제에 돌입하지 않았기 때문에 가격면에서 경쟁력이 없는 실정이다. 그러나 1990년도에 들면서 각종 요소부품들의 기술수준이 급성장을 이루어서 앞으로 10년정도 후면 성능과 가격면에서 가솔린자동차와 대등한 수준의 전기자동차 개발이 실현될 수 있으리라 예측된다.는 영향받지 않았다. Clonidine의 심박수 감소작용은 .뇌실내및 정맥내 diltiazem이나 nifedipine 처리후에 감약되었다. 5). 뇌실내 clonidine$(30{\mu}g)$ 처 리후 뇌실내 diltiazem$(400{\mu}g)$과 nifedipine$(350{\mu}g)$의 혈압하강및 심박수 감소효과는 영향 받지 않고 그대로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 diltiazem과 nifedipine은 가토뇌내에서 methoxamine에 의한 혈압상승의 작용점인 alrfia-1 adrenoceptor의 흥분에는 영향을 미치지 못하나 clonidine의 작용점인 alpha-2 adrenoceptor의 흥분에 의한 혈압하강및 심박수 감소효과는 억제한다고 추론하였다.thin 함량은 110.6 mg/L로서 산업적인 생산성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구를 통하여 개발된 변이주 B76 및 이의 대량 발효를 위한 최종조건의 정립은 향후 astaxanthin의 산업적 생산공정에 필요한 기초자료로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.색총말내에 소형의 도형, 소형의 장형 연접소포 및 DENSE CORE VESICLE의 3가지 연접소포를 가지고 있었고 출현빈도수는 촉각엽에서 가장 큰 33%이었다. 제5형 신경연접은 축색종말내에 중등도크기의 원형, 대형의 원형연접소포 및 DENSE CORE VESICLE을 포함하였고 13%의 출현빈도수로 관찰되었다. 배추횐나비의 촉각에 있는 지각신경세포가 뇌의 촉각엽으로 뻗어 들어가 위의 5가지 신경연접중 어느 형을 형성하는지를 관찰하기 위하여 좌측 촉각의 기부를 제거하여 지각신경세포를 절단하였는데 그 결과, 좌측 촉각엽에서 제4형의 신경연접이 퇴행성 변화를 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.289-296
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• 2001

The main objective of this topic is to establish strategies and to plan biotechnology researches which are related to the agricultural improvements especially focusing on the crop breeding in Korea. From 1960's to 1980's government policy had been emphasized to develope high yielding cultivars for the self sufficient supply of the staple food crops. As a result, considerable increase of rice production has been made with accumulating technology and man's powers. Recently genetically modified crops harboring useful characteristics have been developed using biotechnology and released in the developed countries. National research institutes and private companies have been developed biotechnology researches to establish competitive capabilities, however they have not been successfully used in commercialization. Therefore it is necessary to promote the practical. application by connecting molecular technology with conventional breeding. Proposed research projects are; (1) basic researches including plant genome studies, (2) developing new cultivars through gene transformation, (3) screening and producing antioxidants, secondary metabolite substances and edible vaccines. To set a government policy, both domestic and international research trends were reviewed and possibility of success based on the economic view point were discussed. The intellectual property and preservation of environment play a key role to decide the research priority. It is also necessary for us to make one step system for the distribution of research resources such as microorganisms, genes cloned, plant seeds and research informations for promoting research activities.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-210
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• 2016

The study Development of the Agricultural Cooperative in Cambodia seek to explore the progress of agricultural cooperative( AC) development in Cambodia and South Korea. The experiences of Korea AC development are used to improve the Cambodian ACs. The results of study gave a lessons that the Korea ACs, which were multipurpose cooperatives were formed and owned by the government and had been considered as a successful development strategy for rural and agricultural development. As the government directly managed the businesses and other operations, available budgets, close with monitoring, and active member's participation the AC in Korea progressed rapidly for both the members and business scopes and it hugely contributed to rural development of Korea. For the future development of AC in Cambodia recommendations based on lessons from Korea AC will give a message to government and NGO. Rural Development always related with farmer's life. To live well in rural area provide effective mechanism to income increase. To development of AC in Cambodia is future of rural development.

• The Inventors News
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• no.51
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

함께 즐기는 '여성 발명인 축제'열린다/이 가을을 여성 발명의 계절로/빠진 영구치, 임플란트 기술로 대신한다/국내 의약품 특허출원 외국 기업이 주도/웰빙 붐 타고 기능성 베개 출원 늘어나/토양오염 복원기술, 관심 높아져/기업 CI교체 따른 상표출원 급증/여성경제단체, 오세훈 서울 시장 초청 간담회 가져/'2006대한민국 발명특허대전' 개최/특허청, 중소기업 특허경영 지원단 발족/한국특허문헌, WIPO로 전세계 서비스 실시/APEC 여성지도자네트워크 회의 개최/'2006 특허기술 사업화 성공사례발표회'/세계최초 신개념 CTF기술 상용화/특허청, 제4회 발명 장학생 선발/김치, 러시아 모스크바에 진출한다/고속 주행 틸팅열차 특허로 인정/현직 공무원, 다양한 발명품으로 특허와 되다/자신만의 'TV채널' 선택 가능하다/전지산업, 이온성 액체 관련 특허로 안전하게/명확한 의견 제출로 효율적인 심판 진행/치매예방물질 2배인 김치 개발됐다/한국과학기술연구원 논문 특허심의제도 도입/'한국 오시면 KISS로 맞이합니다'/삼성전자, 중국 특허 마쓰시타 아성 깨다/싱가포르 수출 인큐베이터로 중소기업 해외시장 공략/특허청, 영남대와 지식재산역량 강화 위한 약정 체결/깎는 횟수 줄인 잔디, 세계최초 개발/순창군, 웰빙 고추장 특허출원/역사 속의 발명품/하루 10분 발명교실/특허Q&A/케이제이알텍(주)문승자 대표/한.일 변리사회 업무협정체결 25주년 기념식 개최/중소기업청, 하반기 18조원 신용보증 공급 계획/'2006 대만 국제발명품 전시회'서 한국 참가자 수상/'불났을 때' 긴급 대피 요령은?/아이디어 착상 및 발명 기법/창의성과 도전정신이 성공한 사업가 만든다/사탕을 탄생시킨 사람들/'휴대폰 특허료 1.3억불 내라' 중재 결정/'신발깔창 휴대폰 충전기'/휴대폰으로 광고 받고 무료 문자 이용 가능/아파트 저작권.특허 열풍 거세게 불어/'골다공증 예방 요구르트' 나왔다/갈증 느끼지 않아도 '물' 자주 마셔라/10월 '지재권 및 여성발명 창의교실' 개최안내/한국여성발명협회 회원사 발명품 가이드/함씨네토종콩종합식품, 특선 수상/

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2013

Space technology is a core technology which is emerging as the most competitive industry in the 21st century. However, it is said that private enterprises may have some limitations to run the space business independently because the space industry requires not only to enormously spend the amount of investment at the beginning stage of business but also to have lots of difficulties to get the amount of investment in the short period of time. Therefore, the advanced countries of having the space industry such as America, Japan, France and so on have been developing the space technologies through the help of their governments to some level at the beginning stage of business. Korea established the space development promotion law in 2005. Also Korea has been making efforts to correct the national space development middle and long term basic plans. However, while Korea becomes the 8th economic country in the world, Korea does not have a large enterprise which has ability to supply the domestic satellite demands, and to export satellites to foreign countries by developing satellites without having any help from foreign companies. Therefore, this paper described the activating scheme of satellite industry to efficiently carry out the Korea's space development mission, and to enforce the global competitive power.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-399
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to review the export support projects in Jeollabuk-do and to provide implications to the policy makers and to the local exporters. Based on this review, the study proposes future measures to enhance the efficiency of the current Jeollabuk-do export support project. Design/methodology/approach - This study reviews export support projects in Jeollabuk-do, d examines program types and utilization status, and subsequently summarizes the key aspects of Jeollabuk-do SMEs' export support projects. Findings - This study suggests that Jeollabuk-do's export support project can become more effective through active development of overseas markets and professional integration of marketing activities, particularly focusing on regionally specialized export products. Additionally, given the crucial roles played by the government, related agencies, and local offices in improving the export capabilities of SMEs in Jeollabuk-do, there is an emphasis on the need for continuous and systematic follow-up management and the establishment of export support projects and services. Research implications or Originality - While small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea account for a significant portion of export activities, their actual export performance and contribution are low. The export competitiveness of SMEs, particularly those located in regions other than Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, is not improving despite various export support projects being promoted. Under the circumstances, this study provide meaningful implications to the policy makers and to the local exporters.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2018

This study aimed to examine earnings quality of firms selected as Global Champs project which has been promoted by the government since 2013 to support small and medium sized enterprises, for the screening year(t-1) and selected year(t). Earing quality is measured as the value of discretionary accruals estimated by Dechow et al.(1995) adjusted Jones model and Kothari et al.(2005) model, respectively. I analyze the differences of earning quality between the Global Champ firms and the paired firms selected through criteria of the similar total assets and the same industry in the screening year and the selected year. This study is motivated by the needs of measurement of the performance of the Project from the accounting transparent point of view. As the results of this study, major findings are summarized as follows. Firstly the earnings quality of the selected firms was lower than that of the paired firms. This can be explained as a result of motivation of earnings management by companies eager to meet the requirements to be selected for the Project. Secondly, in the selected year, the earnings quality was proved to improve, comparing to the screening year. This can be explained by the efforts of companies to reinforce management innovation and transparent management, which in turn led to positive effects on the earnings quality. These findings were found to be consistent in the additional analyses, where the earning quality of the reconstructed sample with only selected companies was compared for the screening year and the selected year, based on the year before the screening year(t-2).