• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1045-1052
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• 2006

Stormwater pollution is a major problem in urban areas. Pollutants like heavy metals and harmful chemicals in the runoff can endanger soil and ground water, when they are not sufficiently removed doting infiltration. Strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are the major problems that must be considered if permeable pavement system are demanded to be used in a drive way application. In this study, a series of compacted porous concrete mixtures and the system of pavement ate tested for the physical characteristics like compressive strength, flexural strength, unit weight, porosity, water permeability, and the purification capacity of contaminated water. The test results obtained indicate that the strength and infiltration capacity of porous concrete are strongly related to its matrix proportion and compaction energy and providing adequate filter layers underneath pavement surface course is one of the most important design considerations of permeable pavement system for pollution retention purpose.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2006

A study on the restoration process of a stream ecosystem and the water quality renovation technique by removing algae, vegetation and fish monitoring as evaluating the removal of the algae by dietetic characteristics of fishes were performed on Sangdong stream in the B city after stream restoration it to the artificial stream as the cases, restoring urban stream into close-to-nature stream are being increased domestically with the aim of ecological city. As a result, restoration and rehabilitation of the fundamental stream ecosystem was well maintained 4 years later the reclamation at the moment and total 93 diagnosis which were all vascular plant phylum including 44 families, 73 genuses, 79 species and 14 varieties in flora and vegetation community were observed. 3 families, 8 species and 354 populations in total among Fishes were found and Pseudorasbora Parva, Cyprinus Carpic and Carassius Auratus strongly resistant to water pollution were dominantly appeared in order of 50.5% of Pseudorasbora Parva 21.2% of Cyprinus Carpic, 20.9% of Carassius Auratus, 7.1% of Macropodus chinensis and 0.3% of Misqurnus anguillicaudatus according to relative richness index. It turned out to be that Cyprinus Carpic ingests algae over 90% and Carassius Auratus takes it over 30% according to the analysis about the alimentary object of the fishes as a consequences of algae's excrescent from characteristics of the tested experimental stream. It is reported that a Cyprinus Carpic, about 34 cm in length, ingested wet-weight 43.2g algae on the rough analysis toward the sample which makes us recognize how effective a macro community Cyprinus Carpic is for removing algae.As a consequence of this research, the effect of stream ecosystem characteristics and water quality purification could not be expected by aquatic plants and trees which were eliminated at experimental stream. From now on, a close-to-nature stream should be formed of ecological hydraulic and hydrologic engineered modeling from the beginning so that it can perform the water quality purifying function. It is determined that the structure of food chain will be abundantly influenced by the induction of oversized macro community like Cyprinus Carpic because a biomass of a consumer of higher order is increased. It is estimated that the removal algae by fishes is not effective despite in some cases of dietetic characteristics so much more studies should be executed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.152-159
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• 2002

The seasonal variations of nitrifying bacterial population sampled from 3 sites in Moon-Chon reservoir were analyzed by in situ hybridization with fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes from August 2000 until July 2001. In addition, physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, chi-a and DOC were measured to determine correlations between those factors and the size of nitrifying bacterial populations. Total bacterial numbers varied in the range of $0.8{\sim}1.5{\times}10^6\;cells/ml$ independent of sites and had the maximal values in March at all 3 stations. The ratio of eubacteria to total bacteria ranged from 44.9% to 79.5%, and the ratio of each nitrifying bacteria to eubacterial numbers reached only $1.0{\sim}7.4%$. The variations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria ranged from $1.1{\times}10^4$ to $3.0{\times}10^4\;cells/ml$ without noticeable peak values whereas those of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria varied in $1.3{\sim}5.7{\times}10^4\;cells/ml$ with the increasing tendency in winter regardless of the sites. Moreover it was observed that the numbers of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were higher than those of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Total bacterial numbers correlated with water temperature (r = 0.355, p<0.05) and DOC (r = 0.58G, p<0.01) positively whereas nitrite-oxidizing bacteria correlated with temperature (r = -0.416, p<0.05) and pH (r = -0.568, p = 0.001) negatively. In addition, DOC represented good correlations with eubacterial numbers (r = 0.448, p<0.01). These results indicate that temperature, DOC and pH might be one of the main factors affecting variations of bacterial populations in the aquatic ecosystem. It was also suggested that FISH method is a useful tool for detection of slow growing nitrifying bacteria.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2023

Acid mine drainage(AMD) treatment is classified as both passive and active treatment. During the treatment, about 5,000 tons of neutralization sludge is generated as a by-product per year in Korea. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of sludge generated from physico·chemical treatment processes as an active treatment from 5 different sources (D, H, S, T, Y) and the possibility of the sludges being recycled. The sludges have a pH range of 5.86 ~ pH 7.89, and a water content range of 51% ~ 82%. Most of particle sizes were less than 25 ㎛. In analysis of inorganic elements, the concentration of Al, Fe, and Mn were between 1,189 mg/kg ~ 129,344 mg/kg, 106,132 mg/kg ~ 338,011 mg/kg, and 3,472 mg/kg ~ 11,743 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of As and Zn in sludge-T, Cd in sludge-D, Ni in sludge-H, Zn in sludge-S, and Cd in sludge-Y exceeded the soil contamination standards of Korea. The results from 2 separate kinds of leaching test, the Korea Standard Leaching Test(KSLT) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure(TCLP), showed that all the sludges met the Korea groundwater standards. From the XRD and SEM-EDS analysis, the peaks of calcite and quartz were found in the sludges. The sludge also had a high proportion of Fe and O, and the majority of the composition was amorphous iron hydroxide.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1405-1411
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• 2012

This study deals with the case of "Close-to-Nature Improvement Work of Cheonancheon and Wonseongcheon in Cheonan", which has been completed at the end of 2009. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the result of this work and suggest a future direction of development and supplementation of this project. In the course of his study, theoretical researches about urban stream and restoration precedents, observational survey and user questionnaire and comparative analysis have been conducted. According to the study, the most prominent problems of Cheonancheon in comparison with Wonsungcheon are water pollution, low use and participation of residents. As location based future development concept, Cheonancheon as various event space for visitors, Wonsungcheon as recreational space for residents are suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.925-928
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• 2001

Recently great efforts and investment have been made in order to achieve economical production by applying new methods like minimization of man-Power into construction field. This paper describe the performance of water purification, to which living organisms can adapt, and the physical properties of porous concrete with continuous voids. Although conventional concrete has been regarded as a destroyer of nature, water and air can pass freely through concrete when it is made porous by forming continuous voids. this not only enables plants to vegetables, but also makes it possible for microscopic animals and plants, including bacteria, to attach to and inhabit uneven surface as well as internal voids when the concrete is provided in a natural water area or waterside area. As a result, Porous concrete using recycled aggregate improved the performance of water purification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05d
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• pp.113-118
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• 2003

투어멀린(Tourmaline)은 비대칭 쌍극자를 가진 천연 유극성 결정체로 광물 중에서 영구전기분극을 띄고 있는 유일한 물질로써 일명 "전기석"이라고 알려져 있다. 분극에 의한 자체 미약전류(약 $60{\mu}A$)와 함께 음이온 및 원적외선의 발생으로 최근 우리주변에서 건강과 환경을 위한 관심고조의 대상인 육방정계의 압전성 및 초전성을 띄는 붕규산염(주요성분: Mg, Fe, B, Si, Ca)으로, 투어멀린 원석이나 그 복합세라믹체의 면역지수가 ~1000에서 ~400,000 이상인 점을 비롯하여 그 유용성을 이용하려는 새로운 아이디어 신상품들이 계속 개발되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 물분자를 만나면 수소$(H^+)$와 수산기 $(OH^-)$로 전기분해 하여 친수기와 소수기 부분으로 구분하며, $H^+$와 $OH^-$는 각각 $H_2O$와 결합하여 활성이 강한 hydronium ion$(H_3O^+)$을 생성하고, 물 속에서 계속 불안정한 상태로 존재하는 수산기는 계면활성 작용이 있는 hydroxyl ion$(H_3O_2^-)$을 형성하여 물을 약 알카리성 (pH~7.4)으로 바꿔주며, 물분자 클러스터 세분화와 미네랄을 용출, 공급하여 이 물이 체내에 흡수되면 살균, 항균성의 면역기능을 갖게 되며, 혈액정화 기능과 자율신경 자극으로 교감신경의 흥분을 억제해 준다. 이와 함께 전기분극을 띈 투어멀린 입자는 다른 물질에 비하여 경이적 수치의 원적외선을 발생하여 강력한 열 효과와 높은 침투력으로 인체의 혈액순환 촉진과 혈전용해 작용을 주어 건강과 활력에 도움을 주는 것으로 확인되어 많은 관심을 끌고 있다. 따라서 유익한 이용가치를 인정받고 있는 천연 투어멀린을 단독 형태나 또는 서로 상승효과를 줄 수 있는 유용한 타 물질과 혼합물을 구성하여 성형 또는 EPD 방법으로 전착한 후 소결 처리하여, 소결체의 특성 분석과 함께 물에 대한 전기 화학적 작용 및 항균 효과를 조사, 확인하여 수질개선 효과를 분석하고 그 응용성을 개발, 확보하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

This study was conducted to assess the impact of agricultural land use on the water quality in mountain village farmlands. Two soil types, paddy and upland soil were analysed for their chemical properties. Although, pH and organic matter contents were not significantly different to each other, concentrations of available P and exchangeable K and Ca were much higher in upland soil compared with those in paddy soil. The results of water quality analysis indicated that, in Goseong-cheon watershed, the nutrients contents were much higher in downstream area than in upstream area. Particularly, the elevation of $COD_{Mn}$ and T-P were significant during rainy season. When paddy fields coexist with upland fields, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations in paddy fields were lower than those of upland fields. This may indicate that paddy fields possess an water-purifying ability by absorbing nutrients. This effect may reduce excessive nutrients discharged into the neighboring streams which may cause eutrophication problem. The difference between inflow and outflow of nitrogen and phosphorus during the cultivation period were measured as -98.9 kg $ha^{-1}$ and -29.7 kg $ha^{-1}$, which means that nutrient outflow was higher than inflow. This may suggest that much nutrient was discharged during the crop harvest period.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.341-355
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• 2004

This thesis is to analyze characteristic of sustainable development in the Nak-dong River. The results are summarized in the followings. 1) The principles which did not consider the equilibrium between development and environment, ecosystem, security. precautionary measure, equity could devise a plan, changes of economic land area, sand & gravel extractions from the riverbed, the river contamination cleanup, dam build 2) The rules which disregard polluter pay and opening participation in public affairs could input of too much province budget and manpower, project team. The measures to solve these problems could be proposed expansion of environmental infrastructure, sustainable sand & gravel extractions from the riverbed, fortifying the assistance of the residents who live in Dam construction site and the peripheral area of Dam, lower local fund rates in national projects, and the creation of management organization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1681-1685
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• 2006

현재 한국수자원공사에서는 시화호로 유입되는 유량을 저류하여 습지내 안정적인 유량을 공급함은 물론, 정화된 하천수를 방류하여 호소내 수질을 개선하고자 동화천 하류 약 840m 지점에 제수문을 설치하여 운영중에 있다. 그러나, 폭우시 상류농경지 침수우려에 따른 제수문 개방후 폐쇄시 제수문 담수어종이 상류로 올라가는 길이 차단되어 제수문 유출부에 어류가 폐사되는 현상이 반복되어 발생하고 있다. 따라서, 한국수자원공사에서는 동화천 제수문 하류부(약 36m)에 어도를 갖춘 수중보시설을 설치함으로써 제수문과 수중보사이에 Pond를 형성하여 어류의 자연사를 방지하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 유량규모 및 수문개방 조건에 따른 보 설치 전 후 상황에 대한 1차원 수리특성분석을 실시함으로써, 보 설치로 인해 제수문 상류지역에 배수불량 상황 발생여부를 검토하고, 이를 배제하기 위한 제수문 개방조작 변경안을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제수문 하류단의 설치예정인 수중보가 제수문 상류지역의 배수상황에 미치는 영향은 제수문 상류 유입량이 저유량 구간인 $3.92cms{\sim}8.88cms$에서 발생하였으며, 이는 본 연구에서 제시한 개방수문 조작 변경안과 같이 간단한 수문조작을 통해 상류 수위를 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 조사되었다.