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Assessing Effects of Farming Activities on the Water Quality in a Small Agricultural Watershed

충남 고성천 유역의 하천 수질 평가를 이용한 유역단위 질소와 인 수지 분석

  • Kim, Min-Kyeong (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Roh, Kee-An (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, Seong-Jin (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Choi, Chul-Mann (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Ko, Byong-Gu (Climate Change & Agroecology Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Yun, Sun-Gang (Planning & Cordination Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Sik (High-Tech Agriculture Division, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김민경 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 노기안 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 박성진 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 최철만 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 고병구 (국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 윤순강 (국립농업과학원 기획조정과) ;
  • 이종식 (농촌진흥청 첨단농업과)
  • Published : 2009.03.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to assess the impact of agricultural land use on the water quality in mountain village farmlands. Two soil types, paddy and upland soil were analysed for their chemical properties. Although, pH and organic matter contents were not significantly different to each other, concentrations of available P and exchangeable K and Ca were much higher in upland soil compared with those in paddy soil. The results of water quality analysis indicated that, in Goseong-cheon watershed, the nutrients contents were much higher in downstream area than in upstream area. Particularly, the elevation of $COD_{Mn}$ and T-P were significant during rainy season. When paddy fields coexist with upland fields, SS, T-N, and T-P concentrations in paddy fields were lower than those of upland fields. This may indicate that paddy fields possess an water-purifying ability by absorbing nutrients. This effect may reduce excessive nutrients discharged into the neighboring streams which may cause eutrophication problem. The difference between inflow and outflow of nitrogen and phosphorus during the cultivation period were measured as -98.9 kg $ha^{-1}$ and -29.7 kg $ha^{-1}$, which means that nutrient outflow was higher than inflow. This may suggest that much nutrient was discharged during the crop harvest period.

본 연구는 산촌형 조건불리 지역의 농업 소수계에서 영농활동이 주변 수질환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 고성천 유역에서 토지이용형태별 토양의 화학적 특성을 비교한 결과, 논토양과 밭토양의 pH와 유기물의 함량은 비슷하였으나, 밭토양은 논토양에 비해 유효인산과 치환성 칼리와 칼슘의 함량이 월등히 높았다. 또한, 고성천의 수질 모니터링 결과, 하부로 내려갈수록 영양물질의 농도는 높았으며, 특히 전 조사지점에서 평상시에 비해 강우시에 $COD_{Mn}$과 T-P의 농도가 높았다. 유역내 논과 밭이 혼재되어 있는 지류에서 토지이용형태별 SS 및 T-N과 T-P의 농도 부하 특성을 평가한 결과, 논은 다른 토지이용형태에 비해 영양물질을 흡수하는 특성을 가지고 있어 영양물질의 지표배출 감소 효과 및 유입된 영양물질의 저류 능력을 지니고 있어 수질정화 효과가 있었다. 산촌형 조건불리 지역인 고성천 유역에서 영농기간 동안 질소와 인의 유입량-유출량은 -98.9와 -29.7 kg $ha^{-1}$로 유출되는 양이 많았는데, 이는 고성천 유역이 전형적인 농업지역으로 영농활동으로 인한 투입량이 적은 반면에 수확물로의 배출량이 많았기 때문으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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