• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.252-264
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• 2008

Objective: To aid the development of a frontal image simulating program, we evaluated the soft tissue frontal changes in relationship to movement of hard tissue with orthognathic surgery of facial asymmetry patients. Methods: Preoperative and postoperative frontal cephalograms and frontal view photographs of 45 mandibular surgery patients with facial asymmetry were obtained in a standardized manner. Vertical and horizontal changes of hard tissue and soft tissue were measured from cephalograms and photographs, respectively. Soft tissue change in result to hard tissue change was then analyzed. Results: Both vertical and horizontal correlation analysis showed a weak relationship between the changes. Hard tissue points that were picked for 1 : 1 mean ratio with soft tissue points did not show any significant relevance. For each soft tissue change, regressive equation was formulated by stepwise multiple regression analysis, and the equation for soft tissue Menton was most reliable in predicting changes. Both vertical and horizontal hard tissue changes were used together in prediction of vertical or horizontal soft tissue change. Conclusions: The results suggest that computerized image simulation using regression analysis may be of help for prediction of soft tissue change, while 1:1 mean ratio method is not useful.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2008

Behaviors of cemented engineered soils, composed of rigid sand particle and soft rubber particle, are investigated under $K_o$ condition. The uncemented and cemented specimens are prepared with various sand volume fractions to estimate the effect of the cementation in mixtures. The vertical deformation and elastic wave velocities with vertical stress are measured. The bender elements and PZT sensors are used to measure elastic wave velocities. After cementation, the slope of vertical strain shows bilinear and is similar to that of uncemented specimen after decementation. Normalized vertical strains can be divided into capillary force, cementation, and decementation region. The first deflection of the shear wave in near field matches the first arrival of the primary wave. The elastic wave velocities dramatically increase due to cementation hardening under the fixed vertical stress, and are almost identical with additional stress. After decementation, the elastic wave velocities increase with increase in the vertical stress. The effect of cementation hinders the typical rubber-like, sand-like, and transition behaviors observed in uncemented specimens. Different mechanism can be expected in decementation of the rigid-soft particle mixtures due to the sand fraction. a shape change of individual particles in low sand fraction specimens; a fabric change between particles in high sand fraction specimens. This study suggests that behaviors of cemented engineered soils, composed of rigid-soft particles, are distinguished due to the cementation and decementation from those of uncemented specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.104-108
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• 2006

There are range and azimuth direction resolution of synthetic aperture radar on the aircraft or satellite. Wide bandwidth chirp pulse generation technology is prerequisite for SAR image with fine resolution. There are two kinds of digital chirp pulse generation technology as arbitrary waveform generator(AWG) and direct digital synthesizer(DDS). In this paper, we design and implement a digital chirp pulse generator to generate 300MHz wide bandwidth linear FM chirp pulse for the fine resolution image with direct digital synthesizer. Implemented chirp pulse generator can be useful for the SAR sensors to make 50cm range resolution image.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.457-461
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 RGB 컬러 정보와 오류 역전파 알고리즘을 이용한 신 차량 번호판 인식 방법을 제안한다. 차량 영상에서 평균 Blue값을 이용하여 차량 영상을 보정한다. 보정된 차량 영상에서 순수 Red픽셀과 현재 픽셀의 차이와 순수 Green 픽셀과 현재의 픽셀의 차이를 각각 구하여 Red 후보 영역과 Green 후보 영역으로 구분한다. 구분된 2개의 후보 영역의 픽셀 값을 오류 역전파 알고리즘에 적용하여 최종 Green 영역을 찾는다. 그리고 오류 역전파 알고리즘에 의해서 Green 영역으로 판명된 영역을 제외한 영역들은 잡음으로 처리한다. 잡음이 제거된 영역에 대해 수평 및 수직 히스토그램의 빈도수를 이용하여 번호판 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 번호판 영역에서 윤곽선 추적 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드들을 추출하고, 오류 역전파 알고리즘을 적용하여 개별 코드들을 인식한다. 제안된 차량 번호판 추출 및 인식 방법의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 실제 비영업용 신 차량 번호판에 적용한 결과, 제안된 번호판 추출 방법이 기존의 HSI 정보를 이용한 번호판 추출 방법보다 추출률이 개선되었고 제안된 차량 번호판 인식 방법이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of condylar and ramal vertical asymmetric indices on paonramic radiographs between temporomandibular disorder patients and normal group and according to classification of temporomandibular disorders. One hundred and twenty temporomandibular disorder patients and thirty normal individuals were selected. After tracing the panoramic radiographs, measurements for asymmetric indices were identified. The means and standard deviations of the measurement of each group were calculated and compared between two groups. Through the comparison of the measurement between two groups, following results were obtained 1. As a result of comparing condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices of the temporomandibular disorder patients with that of normal group, there was significant difference in condylar vertical asymmetry index between two groups and no significant difference in ramal vertical asymmetry index between two groups. 2. Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices of temporomandibular joint disorder and muscle disorder patients showed greater value than normal group, but there was no significant difference between temporomandibular joint disorder patients and muscle disorder patients. 3. Among temporomandibular joint disorder patients, muscle disorder patients, and normal group, there was only significant difference in condylar vertical asymmetry index between temporomandibular joint disorder patients and normal group. 4. Among disc displacement, disc dislocation with reduction, and disc dislocation without reduction, there were no significant difference in condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices. 5. There were no correlation between aging and condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry indices. The results of the present study showed that condylar vertical asymmetry index of temporomandibular disorder patients showed greater values than normal group, and this difference could be considered as the features of temporomandibular disorders. Thus measuring the condylar vertical asymmetry index on panoramic radiographs is considered as the important factor for diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.4
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• pp.429-442
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• 2003

In this paper, we describe an address image recognition system for automatic processing of standard- size letter mail. The inputs to the system are gray-level mail piece images and the outputs are delivery point codes with which a delivery sequence of carrier can be generated. The system includes five main modules; destination address block location, text line separation, character segmentation, character recognition and finally address interpretation. The destination address block is extracted on the basis of experimental knowledge and the line separation and character segmentation is done through the analysis of connected components and vortical runs. For recognizing characters, we developed MLP-based recognizers and dynamical programming technique for interpretation. Since each module has been implemented in an independent way, the system has a benefit that the optimization of each module is relatively easy. We have done the experiment with live mail piece images directly sampled from mail sorting machine in Yuseong post office. The experimental results prove the feasibility of our system.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2006

Distribution of zooplankton communities was sampled vertically with a NORPAC net investigated in costal area of Wando from 30, August at 7 stations. A total of 37 taxa were sampled with a total abundance of zooplankton ranged from $147{\sim}1,696indiv.\;m^{-3}$. Evadne tergestina, Acartia pacifica, Paracalanus parvus s. 1, Decapod larvae, Sagitta crassa were dominant species in coastal area of Wando and they contributed 90% of mean abundance of total zooplankton. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among the three regions: the site 1 (A), the middle part of the sampling area (B) and other sites (C). The number and abundance of zooplankton varied significantly among the three regions (p < 0.05). Of these, the distribution of zooplankton communities in the coastal area of Wando was controlled by Tsushima Warn Current and bottom cold water of Yellow Sea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5619-5626
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• 2015

The zenithal light is the one that is entered down into the interior space or the spaces such as the inner court, through windows high located in the wall or openings of the roof. The aim of this study is to analyze the types of mechanism for the zenithal light by studying some examples related to the zenithal opening, and to investigate those characteristics. One of the most important features is a structural unit of the skylight entering the room. In this study, according to the structural unit, the direct light type, the duct-type and the shade type was distinguished, and each type can be divided into several modified types. Precisely, the direct light type is divided into an unexposed type and an exposed type of the source of light. The duct type is also divided into an intensive duct type and a distributed duct type. The shade type is classified into a ceiling surface shade, a reflections objet shade, a double ceiling shade and a wall shade.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1175-1184
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• 1992

A new classification method and recognition algorithms for printed Korean and Chinese character is studied for Korean text which contains both Korean and Chinese characters. The proposed method utilizes structural features of the vertical and horizontal vowel in Korean character. Korean characters are classified into 6 groups. Vowel and consonant are separated by means of different vowel extraction methods applied to each group. Time consuming thinning process is excluded. A modified crossing distance feature is measured to recognize extracted consonant. For Chinese character, an average of stroke crossing number is calculated on every characters, which allows the characters to be classified into several groups. A recognition process is then followed in terms of the stroke crossing number and the black dot rate of character. Classification between Korean and Chinese character was at the rate of 90.5%, and classification rate of Ming-style 2512 Korean characters was 90.0%. The recognition algorithm was applied on 1278 characters. The recognition rate was 92.2%. The densest class after classification of 4585 Chinese characters was found to contain only 124 characters, only 1/40 of total numbers. The recognition rate was 89.2%.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.23
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• pp.3-43
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• 2010

Finding aids are tools which facilitate to locate and understand archives and records. Traditionally there are two types of archival finding aids: vertical and horizontal. Vertical finding aids such as inventories have multi-level descriptions based on provenance, while horizontal ones such as catalogs and index are tools to guide to the vertical finding aids based on the subject. In the web environment, traditional finding aids are evolving into more dynamic forms. Respecting the principles of provenance and original order, vertical finding aids are changing to multi-entity structures with development of ISAD(G), ISAAR(CPF) and ISDF as standards for describing each entity. However, vertical finding aids can be too difficult, complicated, and boring for many users, who are accustomed to the easy and exciting searching tools in the internet world. Complementing them, new types of finding aids are appearing to provide easy, interesting, and extensive access channels. This study investigates the development and limitation of vertical finding aids, and the recent trend of evolving new finding aids complementing the vertical ones. The study finds three new trends of finding aid development. They are (i) mixture, (ii) integration, and (iii) openness. In recent days, certain finding aids are mixed with stories and others provide integrated searches for the collections of various heritage institutions. There are cases for experimenting user participation in the development of finding aids using Web 2.0 applications. These new types of finding aids can also cause some problems such as decontextualised description and prejudices, especially in the case of mixed finding aids and quality control of user contributed annotations and comments. To solve these problems, the present paper suggests to strengthen the infrastructure of vertical finding aids and to connect them with various new ones and to facilitate interactions with users of finding aids. It is hoped that the present paper will provide impetus for archives including the National Archives of Korea to set up and evaluate the development strategies for archival finding aids.