• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2009

The optical fiber cable acting as a sensor was embedded in the underground research tunnel and portal area in order to monitor their stability and the spatial temperature variation. This system includes two types of sensing function to monitor the distributed strain and temperature along the line, where sensor cable is installed, not a point sensing. According to the results of one year monitoring around the KURT, there is no significant displacement or movement at the tunnel wall and portal slope. However, it would be able to aware of some phenomena as an advance notice at the tunnel wall which indicates the fracturing in rockmass and shotcrete fragmentation before rock falls accidently as well as movement of earth slope. The measurement resolution for rock mass displacement is 1 mm per 1 m and it covers 30 km length with every 1m interval in minimum. In temperature, the cable measures the range of $-160{\sim}600^{\circ}C$ with $0.01^{\circ}C$ resolution according to the cable types. This means that it would be applicable to monitoring system for the safe operation of various kinds of facilities having static and/or dynamic characteristics, such as chemical plant, pipeline, rail, huge building, long and slim structures, bridge, subway and marine vessel. etc.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.378-378
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 용담댐 유역을 대상으로 저수위/저수량 모니터링 및 예측을 위하여 고해상도 위성관측 자료를 이용하는 방법과 위성으로부터 추출한 강수량 자료로부터 가뭄지수를 이용한 저수위를 모니터링하고 SSA를 이용한 PCA방법으로 예측모델을 구축하여 가뭄을 예측하는 방법을 개발하였다. 용담댐 저수위와 SPI(3)와의 상관계수가 0.78로 매우 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 위성자료를 통하여 산정한 가뭄지수를 활용하여 댐 저수위/저수량 모니터링 및 예측 가능성을 진단하였다. SSA에 의한 주성분 분석결과 SPI(3)과 각 RC자료의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 CC=0.87~0.99의 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 표준화된 댐 저수위(N-W.S.L.)와 RC자료의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 CC=0.83~0.97의 비교적 높은 상관성을 보임을 확인하였다. 또한, Sentinel-2 위성의 MSI (Multi-Spectral Instrument) 센서로 댐수위의 변화를 모니터링하기 위해 지수 기법을 적용하여 수체 탐지 알고리즘을 개발하였으며, 용담댐유역에 대해 2016년부터 2018년까지의 수계 면적 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 Sentinel-2 위성영상으로 추출한 수계 면적 변화를 이용하여 가뭄감시 분야에 대한 활용 가능성을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다양한 위성관측자료로부터 미계측 지역의 저수량 모니터링과 수문학적 가뭄 모니터링/예측에 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2020

하나의 수계 또는 용수구역 내에서 작물생육기간 동안 지하수자원 수요량의 집중적인 증가로 인해 지역적 지하수 고갈이 발생하여 농작물 피해가 발생하고 있으며 과잉양수로 인한 지하수위 하강으로 사용자간 갈등도 빈번하다. 또한, 기후변화로 인해 극한기후인 가뭄의 잦은 발생은 이러한 현상을 가속화 한다. 지하수 산출성이 좋은 대수층의 공간적 분포는 복잡한 지질구조로 인해 균일하지 않으며 같은 대수층 내에서도 양수 위치에 따라 산출성은 다르게 나타난다. 이러한 지하수 수요와 공급 및 대수층 분포로 인한 지하수자원 불균형의 해소를 위해 지하수가 풍부한 지역에서 부족한 지역으로 지하수를 공급하는 방법을 적용할 수 있다. 이때 기술적용 지역의 지하수 사용 상황 및 공급 가능량을 정량적으로 평가하고 이를 기반으로 지하수 공급을 제어하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 지하수자원의 수요-공급 불균형이 발생할 때 즉각적으로 대응하기 위해서는 실시간으로 지하수 현황을 감시하고 이를 기반으로 공급 가능량을 산정할 필요가 있으며 이는 정보통신기술(Information and Communication Technology, ICT)에 기반한 관정연계관리체계(Well Network System, WNS)를 구성하는 기술 중 하나인 관정군집제어 기술로 구현될 수 있다. 수계 내에 설치된 기존의 양수정과 새롭게 추가된 관측정들을 4G LTE 네트워크를 통해 하나의 관정군으로 묶고 중앙 서버를 통한 자료 분석 및 양수 펌프 제어를 통해 대수층의 공급 능력과 사용자의 수요 현황에 따른 지하수자원의 체계적 분배를 구현하고자 하였다. 관정군집제어는 관정별 지하수위 및 양수정 양수량을 실시간으로 관측하고 이를 분석서버에 전송하여 해당 지하수계의 공급 가능량 및 인접관정 간섭 등을 분석하여 양수정의 펌프를 실시간으로 제어하고 양수된 지하수를 수요 지역으로 이송한다. 본 연구를 통해 관정군집제어 기술의 구현에 필요한 구성요소를 정의하고 이에 대한 구현 방법을 기술하여 WNS를 구성하는 하나의 요소기술 모델로 제시하고자 하였다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.401-414
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• 2017

To prevent the damages from earthquakes, various researches have been conducted around the world focusing on earthquake prediction and forecasting for several decades. Among various precursory phenomena, changes in groundwater level and quality are considered to be reliable for estimating the time of earthquake occurrence and its magnitude. In effects, some countries impacted by frequent earthquakes have established and operated the groundwater monitoring network for earthquake surveillance and prediction. In Korea, recently researches have begun for using groundwater monitoring techniques for earthquake prediction. In this paper, the groundwater monitoring networks of China, Japan, and the United States were reviewed focusing on the facilities and results of researches to deduce the tasks for earthquake prediction researches using groundwater monitoring techniques in Korea. In results, research needs are suggested in the implementation of groundwater monitoring networks for specifically earthquake surveillance with the real-time monitoring and the measures to quantify the degrees of abnormal changes in the relationship of distance from the earthquake epicenter.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.224-228
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• 2004

In these days, as it frequently happens that water level in the river exceeds the design floods due to irregular heavy rainfall, so it is required, first of an, to manage with railroad bridge safely. Because train control criterion under heavy rainfall is still not prepared and automatic flood monitoring system for railroad bridges is not used, worry over invisible economic loss due to train passage delay is in existence. Therefore, it is important to secure the safety and detect the risk like turnover or failure of railroad bridges through systematic disaster prevention system. And the transition from conventional monitoring method to real time monitoring method supported by sensors and communication system with high technology is rapidly needed. This research is on developing the real time flood monitoring system which prevents railroad disasters in advance by detecting continuously the water level of railroad bridge through CCD camera and water level gauge.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.1414-1417
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• 2010

고정된 duty-cycle을 갖는 S-MAC 프로토콜은 노드 A에서 B로 메시지를 전송 후, 노드 C는 에너지 효율을 위해 스케줄 된 수면구간 상태이다. 따라서 노드 C는 노드 B로부터의 메시지를 수신 할 수가 없게 된다. 따라서 지연(delay)이 발생하게 된다. 반면 제안하는 프로토콜은 평상시에 Bit정보가 00으로 설정되어 있어, 에너지 효율에 중점을 둔 S-MAC과 비슷한 동작을 하다가 설정한 설정치를 넘길 때마다 Bit정보에 변화를 주어 전송해야 할 메시지의 우선순위가 높다고 판단하여 프레임크기와 활성구간의 크기에 변화를 주어 지연시간을 줄이게 된다. 사용자 입장에서 우선순위가 높은 메시지라 함은 예를 들어 불이 발생 했을 경우 노드에서 감지되는 높은 온도 값이 이에 해당되고 반면 우선순위가 낮은 메시지는 노드에서 감지되는 낮은 온도 값이 이에 해당된다. 사용자 입장에서 감시해야 할 온도, 압력, 수위와 같은 환경변수에 설정치를 설정하여 상황에 따라 지연시간과 에너지 소모를 선택적으로 유연하게 조절하여 지연시간을 개선시키는 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.317-321
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• 2022

In response to Incheon tap water accident in 2019, the Ministry of Environment has created the "Comprehensive Measures for Water Safety Management" to improve water operation management, provide systematic technical support, and respond to accidents. Accordingly, K-water is making a smart water supply management system for the entire process of tap water. In order to advance the response to water accidents, it is essential to secure the reliability of real-time water operation data such as flow rate, pressure, and water level, and to develop and apply a warning algorithm in advance using big data analysis techniques. In this paper, various statistical techniques are applied using water supply operation data (flow, pressure, water level, etc) to prepare the foundation for the selection of the optimal operating range and advancement of the monitoring and alarm system. In addition, the arrival time is analyzed through cross-correlation analysis of changes in raw water turbidity between the water intake and water treatment plants. The purpose of this paper is to study the model that predicts the raw water turbidity of a water treatment plant by applying raw water turbidity data considering the time delay according to the flow rate change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

Wastes produce groundwater contamination, offensive odor, and hazardous gases. This study investigates the contamination of groundwater at the Seokdae waste landfill area and seeks the desirable ways to minimize the groundwater contamination. Groundwater levels, water chemistry and aquifer characteristics of wells were examined around the Seokdae waste landfill. The water chemistry of the Dong stream, the groundwater distribution and flow were also studied. The results of this research show that the estimated quantity of the percolation from the landfill base to the ground is 520 ㎥/day and the extent of groundwater contamination is about 1-1.5 km from the center of the waste landfill. The groundwater contains heavy metals and other toxic elements. The conservation and management of the groundwater of the waste landfill need several monitoring wells to check the quantity and quality of groundwater, pumping wells to extract the contaminated groundwater, and slurry walls to protect the movement of contaminated groundwater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.882-885
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• 2014

The duration and frequency of flooding and not last long, by the time climate change drought. The increased accordingly by reducing stream flow and year variation. This trend is expected to continue, and change towards a comprehensive analysis of such quantity, quality and management of water resources are managed. Flood warning system is called to perform them electronically to the management of water resources such as these to be in the organic water-related basic data acquisition, storage, processing and utilization. Can be divided into hydrological observations and flood warning systems alert system broadcast system. Hydrological observation system is the measurement from the hydrological stations (water level, rainfall, water) that can be observed hydrological status of the dam basin hydrological observation data transmitted to the central office, located at the dam monitoring and control system through a variety of networks including satellite, and the collected defined as the system that sent the K-water head office in 1 minute increments hydrological observation data. Headquartered in support of this decision. Dimensions of the dam are provided in addition to inward. Channeled through various hydrologic analysis and leveraging the data transfer. This paper looks at ways to build out hydrological observation system.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2000

Trend of earthquake occurrence of Korea represents that the term from 1978 to 1982 may be called as "active period", the term from 1983 to 1991 is rather tranquil, and from 1992, the occurrence number is increasing greatly. Instrumental earthquake observation of Korea started in 1905 by Japan. It continued until 1943 and ceased then through social disorders such as the independence from Japan Empire and the civil war. After that the observation restarted in 1963 by the establishment the World Wide Standard Seismograph Network. And the fundamental earthquake observation period started in 1978 with the Hongsung earthquake event. KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration) has constructed and operated the 24-hour earthquake and tsunami monitoring system and it propels new construction project of the national seismographic network system. In the result of this project, KMA operates 27 seismic networks, 42 accelerator networks, seismic analyzing system, and sea level monitoring system now. It has the plan to enlarge these systems that 31 seismic networks and 75 accelerator networks until 2001.