• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.357-365
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• 2017

In this study, we examined how the United States, Chinese, and Japanese viewers perceive the morality of the main characters in the family drama 'Take Care of Mom' and the influence of the perceived morality has on drama enjoyment and quality evaluation. Results show that the viewers from all three countries evaluated 'Hoonjae' favorably and evaluated selfish older brother, 'Hyung Kyu', unfavorably. This means there are common norms that exist in all three countries for judging the good and evil in a drama. However, the main female characters that played opposing characteristics were evaluated differently from all three countries. This is because the relationship between parents and children, and the role of mother and woman were perceived differently from each country. These results support the argument that consumption of drama may differ by viewer's cultural background. Additionally, the research hypothesis that 'moral evaluation of major characters will influence the drama enjoyment and evaluation of the drama quality' was not supported in China and Japan, and was only supported by the U.S. viewers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2015

공공수역 수질오염 관리에 있어 비점오염원 관리의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 새만금호 유역은 농경지비율이 40%로서 넓기 때문에 농업비점오염 관리가 중요하다. 농업비점오염 저감을 위한 기법 연구는 국내에서 그 간 상당 수준으로 진행되었지만, 그 기법을 실행할 주체인 농업인이나 지역주민의 역량이나 농업비점오염의 인지도에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 새만금유역에서 농업비점오염과 관련된 주체들 간의 정보의 소통과 흐름에 대하여 분석해보고, 또한 농업오염 교육 전후에 있어서 지역주민과 농업인의 농업비점오염에 대한 인식도와 교육효과에 대해서 살펴보았다. 먼저, 농업비점오염과 관련된 주체들 간의 지식흐름은 매크로레벨 즉, 정책입안자, 전문가 레벨에서 관련정보가 정체되어 있었고, 실제 농업비점오염 관련 저감 기법이나 정책을 실행하는 주체인 마이크로레벨의 농업인과 지역주민, 이를 지원하는 시군 공무원, 지역전문가 등 매소레벨을 지원하기 위한 정보로 가공 전달되지 못하고 있었다. 농업부서와 환경부서 사이의 농업비점오염에 대한 인식도의 차이가 크게 나타났으며, 특정 분야를 중심으로 활발한 소통이 있는 반면, 정보의 의도적 차단, 자기조직의 대응을 위한 형식적, 임시적 소통이 이루어지고 있었다. 귀농인과 친환경농업인에 대한 교육을 통하여 농업비점오염에 대한 인식도는 교육 전 38.1%에서 교육 후 100%로, 교육 후 농업비점이 오염원이라는 인식도도 친환경농업인 91%, 귀농귀촌인 78%로 응답하였다. 농업비점오염원 관리가 수질개선에 미치는 효과에 대하여는 친환경농업인은 5점 만점에 3.67점, 귀농귀촌인은 4.05점, 농업비점오염원 관리가 필요한지에 대하여 친환경농업인은 4.05점, 귀농귀촌인은 4.09점으로 두 집단 모두 농업비점오염원 관리가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 반면, 친환경 농업은 저감기법의 오염 저감 효과는 높게 인식하였지만, 직접 실행해 볼 의사는 3.4점, 저감 기법을 주위에 소개나 권고할 의사는 3.5점이었다. 또한, 실행 가능한 저감 기법으로는 퇴액비 사용, 완효성 비료사용, 녹비작물재배 등의 순이었다. 저감기법이 어렵다고 응답한 이유는 복잡할거 같다, 귀잖을 것 같다, 추가비용으로 손해, 저감효과 신뢰성 부족, 농업은 오염원이 아니다 등으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 살펴볼 때, 주체들 간의 정보와 지식흐름을 이어줄 중간조직의 필요성과 농업인의 인식의 변화가 행동의 변화로 이어질 수 있는 교육?홍보 기법과 농업인의 수용성이 높은 저감기법의 개발과 보급이 필요함을 시사하였다.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.157-196
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• 2018

This study analyzes non-standard workers' attitudes and behaviors towards standard workers' strikes using the case of a joint strike held by journalists at KBS and MBC in 2012. Tracing the process since 2008 by which a conservative government has tried to control the press and regular journalists have collectively resisted against it, we put our analytical focus on two major groups of freelance broadcast professionals: independent producers and writers in current affairs. Specifically, we examine 1) how they perceived and responded to a series of regular journalists' struggle to protect journalistic value, 2) how such perception of and response to regular journalists could be developed, and 3) how (de)solidarity could form and then deepened between freelance and regular journalists in the 2012 Media Strike. Our findings show that the ways in which regular journalists had controlled freelance journalists at work affected the relationship between class-based and occupation-based rationality freelance journalists held in their minds. Independent producers, who had developed a strong class-based rationality in response to the coercive input-output control, showed cynicism about regular journalists' strike pointing out their hypocrisy and contradiction. In contrast, freelance writers accommodated and joined the strike by regular workers in the spirit of solidarity based on occupational rationality which had developed from normative, process control. Our paper ends with theoretical and practical implications.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.315-328
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to explore undergraduate students' self-growth experiences in a counseling skills training course. Participants of this study were seven students who completed the counseling skills course in a university. The analysis was done on the weekly reflective journals they had written during the course using Colaizzi's phenomenological qualitative method. As a result, 26 themes and 11 theme clusters which emerged: projecting oneself onto client, exploring interpersonal dynamics, approaching one's emotions, discovering oneself that he was not conscious of, examining connection between the present and the past, experiencing difficulties due to facing self, feeling concerned about performing a role as counselor, increasing growth motive, finding value of self-awareness, trying new actions, expanding acceptance of oneself and others. Likewise, undergraduate students were experiencing self-growth in a variety of aspects. This study has implications in that it shed a rich light on the self-growth of a counselor that has not received much attention so far. In the future, this study can be utilized in the development of holistic counseling training programs that would systematically facilitate counselors' self-growth.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2020

Middle-aged women who have experienced the depression have been in pain for a long time. Depression in middle-aged women, which is rapidly increasing from their forties, has a problem that do not decrease in spite of various treatment methods. If the essential cause of depression in middle-aged women is due to the inability to detect the meaning of life because of the lack of the perception about the identity resulting from self-loss, a more qualitative research for a fundamental treatment method is required. The purpose of this study is to find out the essence and meaning of the experience of depression in middle-aged women and to help them to find their own selves through the process of individualization and to recover the whole health as well as to live as a self-transcendent being. Three Christian middle-aged women falling on critical and serious condition by BDI diagnosis were selected for the study. In-depth counseling and interviews were held from January to August 2018. In-depth counseling has provided detailed statements about the process of individualization of middle-aged women who have experienced depression, which applied 5 stages of Giorgi's Phenomenological Research Methodology. As a result, 261 semantic units and 11 sub-components were derived and structured by dividing them into two themes: depression experience and the process of individualization process, which are the subject group. This study has its significance in realizing essential meaning of pain by middle-aged women who experience depression and fundamentally preparing an opportunity to be cured through the process of individualization, as well as contributing for such middle-aged women to have abundant living by suggesting preventive measures to general middle-aged women who prepare for their old age.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

When most middle-aged women live in a time when they have to take responsibility for their lives, they feel lonely when they realize that their experience of not expressing their feelings properly has ended up being left alone due to their own existence and loss. As the first step in conscious awareness of unconsciousness of middle-aged women through analytical psychology, we performed "Mandara" and "Nanhwa Mandara," which meet me inside. The intermediate stage can be divided into transition and work phase. The working phase, develops one's own advantages and unique strengths that meet the inner world of promoting and acting values, correctly looks at reality, corrects emotion perception and balance, and is self-contained, seed mandala, associative mandala. They performed the strong points of mandala, the free mandala, and the Western mandala. The results of the study showed that mandala art therapy was found in middle-aged women. First, Mandarin art therapy experience affects the physical, psychological and human relations aspects of middle-aged women. Second, middle-aged women's experience of individualization through mandala art therapy shows psychological reversals and affects positive thinking and self-effectiveness. This study was suitable for qualitative research that approached the essence through practical understanding and direct exploration of research participants, and it is meaningful to suggest that it is necessary to develop an art therapy program through various mediums considering the lack of art therapy research in middle-aged women and problems experienced by the physician.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.145-169
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of educational policy transfer on transitional countries by analyzing the impacts of the Bologna Process on the educational systems of former socialist countries in Europe including Russia, Ukraine, and Hungary. For this purpose, documents published by European Union and its associated educational institutions, as well as academic institutions and scholars were analyzed to evaluate the changes made not only in the systemic level but also institutional and personal levels. The Bologna Process, instigated by the rise of knowledge economy and globalization, is purported to be the most influential educational reform conducted by the member countries since the formation of EU. However, unlike its original intentions to promote the voluntary participation of universities and students, the Bologna Process strengthened the structure of centralized bureaucracy in the educational systems, and restricted the freedom of professors, since most of the universities in these countries relied on governments for their funding. This indicates that in analyzing the influences of educational policy transfer in transitional countries, it is important to analyze the roles and motivations of actors participating in the decision-making processes. Moreover, Bologna Process reforms, made under the direction and control of government, were often turned into cases in which administrators hurriedly implement new policies against the will of faculty members and students, thus impeding the efficient localization of the reforms. This case, thus, implies that while educational reforms driven by policy transfer can change external systems and policies of universities, the fundamental reforms in the minds of faculty and inner workings of organization can only come about after a careful consideration of the societal and cultural values embedded within society.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2010

Customers often experience waiting for buying service. Managing customers' waiting time is important for service providers since customers who are dissatisfied with waiting, secede from a service place at last. Not a few studies have been done to solve waiting time problem and improve customers' waiting experience. Hui & Tse(1996) identify evaluation factors in customers' behavioral mechanism as customers wait. That is, customers experience perceived waiting time, waiting acceptability and emotional response to the wait when they wait. Since customers evaluate the wait using these factors, service provider should manage these factors in order to minimize customers' dissatisfaction. Therefore, this study explores that evaluation factors of waiting are influenced by customers' situational and experiential characteristics, which include customer loyalty, transaction importance for customer and waiting expectation level. Those situational and experiential characteristics are usually given to service providers so they can't control these at waiting point. The major findings derived from two exploratory studies can be summarized as follows. First, according to the result from the study 1 (restaurant setting), customers' transaction importance has the greatest positive influence on waiting experience. The results show restaurant service provider could prevent customers' separation effectively through strategies which raise customers' transaction importance, like giving special coupons for important events. Second, in study 2 (amusement part setting) customer loyalty has large positive impact on waiting experience as well as transaction importance. This results show that service provider could minimize customers' dissatisfaction using strategies which raise customer loyalty continuously. This results show customer perceives waiting experience differently according to characteristics of service place and service itself. Therefore, service provider should grasp the unique customers' situational and experiential characters for each service and service place. It could provide an effective strategy for waiting time management. Third, the study finds transaction importance and waiting expectation level have direct influence customers' waiting experience as independent variables, while existing studies treated them as moderators. Customer loyalty which has not been incorporated in previous waiting time research is known to affect waiting experience. It suggests that marketing strategy which builds up customer loyalty for long period of time is also quite effective, compared to short term tactics to help customers endure waiting time. Fourth, this study reveals the importance of actual waiting time along with perceived waiting time. So far most studies only focus on customers' perceived waiting time. Especially, this study incorporates the concept of patient limit on waiting time to investigate effect of actual waiting time. The results show that there were various responses to the wait depending on how actual waiting time exceeds individual's patent limit on waiting time or not, even though customers wait about the same period of time. Finally, using structural equation model, conceptual path between behavioral responses is verified. As customer perceives waiting time, then she decides whether she can endure it or not, and then her emotional response occurs. This result are somewhat different from Hui & Tse(1996)'s study. The study also includes theoretical contributions as well as practical implications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.81-97
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine what people in Korea recognize the cultural symbolism and the planting patterns of 'Guǐmok', pagoda tree(Sophora japonica). The species planted in the 'Guǐjeong' was empirically investigated and analyzed to determine which species of pagoda tree or Zelkova tree(Zelkova serrata) was taken through literature surveys, field surveys, and interviews with persons. This 'Guǐjeong' was combined to track how the culture of the 'Guǐmok' planting introduced in China was ultimately accepted and transformed in Korea. In this study, we tried to analyze the meaning implicit in the mystery while checking the distribution of the mystery and the form of the mystery, the name of the pavilion and its relevance to the contrast medium. Essentially, the trees that govern the characterization of the nectar plant, regardless of the region, are considered to be a pagoda tree, which is considered an internal factor in which the pagoda tree culture was not completely transformed into a zelkova tree. It was recognized throughout the Joseon Dynasty that the species representing 'Prime ministers(三公)' was judged from all the Joseon Dynasty periods, based on the builder of Guǐjeong's Aho(雅號) and Dangho(堂號). It was confirmed that the tree was very likely to be planted in place of the painting tree. But now is selectively zelkova tree is in accordance with the preparation of planting site conditions and areas on behalf of the Change is very high probability that is planted. Cultural variables that led to the cultural transformation of the 'Guǐmok' seem to have been deeply involved in the geographical space of China and Korea, Confucian practices of the Choson society, comings and goings and letter bridge, and network strength with China through the book spread. In addition, the culture of 'Guǐmok' is presumed to have led to cultural custom of the upper class, not the whole class, in the Yeongnam region, it can be said that the independent adaptation to act to recognize 'Guǐmok' as a pagoda tree, that is a Sophora japonica, has occurred very strongly. The difference between the cultural areas of Yeongnam and non-Yeongnam is also considered to be an internal factor that has played a major role in the cultural transformation of planting of 'Guǐmok'.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

This paper is brought to analyze an impact of coaching activities over entrepreneur with respect to entrepreneurs' personal characteristics on the performance of Startups focusing on entrepreneur's awareness conversion effect. In particular, the situation of falling focus of serious startup failure on uncoachable obstinate entrepreneur among the several causes of startup failures, this paper define the research mission of reducing this risk by inducing coaching types of cooperations between senior entrepreneur having serial successful startup experiences and beginning entrepreneur. This paper carry out literature reviews chiefly on startup coaching researches rather than mentoring studies because coaching stressing on self-oriented problem defining and solving by entrepreneur actively tend to be more effective than mentoring relying on mentor's guideline passively as solving startup's main upcoming problems. This paper implement four related researches. First, the impact analysis of entrepreneur's personal characteristics on coaching activities, second, influences of entrepreneurs environmental factors on them, Third, impact of coaching activities on entrepreneur's awareness conversion effect, Fourth, how strongly this conversion effect contributing on the performance of startup. As results of empirical research, first, this paper prove that entrepreneur's environmental factors impact positively on coaching activities over entrepreneur although failing on validating on significant impact of entrepreneur's personal characteristics on coaching activities. Second, this paper prove that coaching activities positively influence on entrepreneur's awareness conversion, hence ultimately positively on the performance of startups. As conclusion, this paper validate that coaching activities over entrepreneur through inducing on the conversion of entrepreneur's awareness lead entrepreneur to setting the bar high and accountable planning of business milestone. This paper contribute on delivering policy implication that government initiatin action-oriented training program for entrepreneurs should accept the module of coaching session to produce more effective results.