• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data by analyzing and analysing the Growth Conditions of old Trees in Yangdong village. This study investigated about the conducted on tree information, soil information, and tree health. The result are as follows. The trees information in Yangdong Village consists of Juniperus chinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix pseudolasiogyne, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata, Gleditsia japonica, and Gleditsia sinensis trees, The range of height was 4.0~17.0m, and the diameter was 0.51~1.34m, Juniperus chinensis trees of No.17 was most large. In the results of soil analysis, there showed that acidity was pH4.1~6.3, hardness of 5~48mm, organic matter content of 21.2~29.1g/kg, electrical conductivity(EC) of 0.34~1.76dS/m, available P₂O₅ of 79.8~451.6mg/kg, exchangeable K of 0.22~1.71cmol+/kg, exchangeable Ca of 4.98~7.44cmol+/kg, exchangeable Mg of 0.67~2.19cmol+/kg, exchangeable Na of 0.19~1.04cmol+/kg and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) of 7.23~13.02cmol+/kg. As a result, the highest number of tree health levels is 8 of 11trees of Celtis sinensis, 2 of 7trees of Zelkova serrata, and 3 of Gleditsia sinensis, and 13 of 30 trees of health levels, The Older trees with high infection, spoil and hollowed part were the remaining trees except for the healthy part. Relatively, more than half of the number of targets is infected, decay, and the hollowed site, and it is necessary to perform surgery on the damaged area. In addition, preservation and protection measures should be implemented by supplying root nutrients for trees, controlling nutrients in the body to prevent secondary and tertiary damages that cause the infection site to metastasize to the health site, In order to continually monitor the trees, measures to improve the location environment and management of the trees should be sought.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2009

Background: Sternoclavicular septic arthritis manifests serious complications such as abscess, osteomyelitis, mediastinitis and empyema; therefore, a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary. Material and Method: The treatment results of eight patients with sternoclavicular septic arthritis and who had been surgically treated at our institutions between September 2005 and July 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical treatment they underwent was en bloc resection, including partial resection of the sternum, the clavicular head and the 1st rib. Result: The patients ranged in age from 40 to 74 years with an average of $55.1{\pm}10.3$ years. Five were men and three were women. There were 6 patients with spontaneous sternoclavicular septic arthritis and 2 patients had their condition induced by central venous catheters. The pathogens isolated from the patients’ blood and wounds were MRSA (3), Streptococcus intermedius (1), Streptococcus agalactiae (1) and Pseudomonas luteola (1). One patient expired from aggravation of preoperative sepsis on POD 31. Conclusion: The life-threatening complications from sternoclavicular septic arthritis can progress and lead to death unless appropriate treatment is administered. A prompt diagnosis, appropriate antibiotics therapy and effective surgical treatment such as radical en bloc resection can reduce the morbidity and mortality of this malady.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

Purpose : Lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination and has various clinical course and prognosis, but there are no accurate guidelines for management of BCG lymphadenitis. We performed this study to reveal the clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis and provide guidelines for its management. Methods : From January, 1997, to May, 2000, 73 patients in the 3~24 months were enrolled. We investigated retrospectively the size, site, and number of lymphadenitis, tuberculin skin test induration, used BCG strains, vaccination age, injection site, treatment and clinical course. The effects of various variables on clinical course were evaluated. Results : 1) There were no statistically significant difference between lymphadenitis size and tuberculin test induration diameter, spontaneous resolution rate, and suppuration rate. 2) Later vaccination(${\geq}1$ mo) and supraclavicular lymphadenitis increased suppuration rate. Using domestic BCG product increased surgical treatment rate. 3) According to treatment(observation vs antituberculous medication), medication did not affect the prevention of suppuration and ironically increased the rate of suppuration and surgical treatment. 4) Suppurative lymphadenitis required more surgical treatment than non-supurative one. Conclusions : Clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis is affected by vaccination age, used BCG strains, site of lymphadenitis, antituberculous medication and suppuration, but not affected by size and number of lymphadenitis. For management of BCG lymphadenitis, systemic antituberculous medicaion is not recommended and regular follow up with observation should be the mainstay. But for suppuration, active surgical en bloc resection should be the treatment of choice.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.613-618
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• 2005

Background : Recently, medical treatment of multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis has been unsuccessful. Through analyzing the cases with surgical treatment, we hope to provide some help in treating multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the future. Material and Method : A retrospective review was performed with 138cases of surgical treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis during 10years from January 1994 to December 2003 at National Masan Hospital. Results : The ratio of men to women, 5.1:1 indicates that there were more incidences in men. The number of the resistant drugs was 5.3 with a mean age of 42.6 years. Cavitary lesions on the plain chest X-rays were seen in 94cases (68.1%). 128cases had positive sputum culture preoperatively. Types of operations were 24 pnemonectomies, 83 lobectomies, 10 bilobectomies, 19 lobectomies with segmentectomies or wedge resections, 1 wedge resection, and 1 carvenoplasty. There was no death after operation. There were 6cases of air leakage over a week, 6cases of postoperative bleeding, 8cases of bronchopleural fistula and empyema, 16cases of dead space, 1case of atelectasis, 1case of wound infection, 1case of cyst as postoperative complication. Postoperative complication showed higher long-term negative conversion rate of 92.8%. Conclusion : There has been many discussions about operative indications, postoperative drug regimens, length of postoperative chemotherapy. In our study, we showed higher long-term success rate of postoperative chemotherapy with pulmonary resection on multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.639-645
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• 1996

A 14-year-old male patient with previous surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot was admitted with hemodynamically significant ventricular tachycardia (VT). On preoperative electrophysiologic study (EPS), the morphology of documented VT was RBBB of vertical axis with 320 msec cycle length. The endocardial mapping during VT delineated the origin of VT at right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), where the patch was attached. The clinical VT had a clockwise reentry circuit around the patch with the earliest activation at the same site seen during the preoperative EPS. The previously placed right ventricular outflow patch and fibrous tissue were removed. During a postoperative EPS, it was no longer possible to induce the VT. Ventricular tachycardia following repair of tetralogy of Fallot seen in this patient was caused by a macro-reentry around the right ventricular outflow patch. We were able to ablate the VT with the aid of a detailed mapping of its epicardial activation sequence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2008

Background: Congenital cystic diseases of the lung are uncommon, and they share similar embryogenic and clinical characteristics. But they are sometimes vary widely in their presentation and severity. Therefore they are often difficult to make different diagnosis each other, and all require surgical treatment. Material and Method: From 1993 to 2006, 38 patients underwent surgical procedures under these diagnostic categories in the Depart. of Thoracic and. Cardiovascular Surgery, Busan-Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University. And we retrospectively reviewed these patients' charts for clinical presentations, surgical procedures, pathologic findings and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Result: There were 22 males and 16 females, ages ranged from 1 month after birth to 51 years and mean age was 20.8 years. The main symptoms were 19 fever, cough, sputum production due to recurrent infection, 7 dyspnea, 8 chest discomfort, 4 hemoptysis, but eight patients were asymptomatic. Computed tomography was chosen as diagnostic modalities and available for operation plan for all of patients. For all the cases, surgical resection were performed. Lobectomy was performed in 28 patients, simple excision (resection) in 8 patients, segmentectomy or wedge resection in 2 patients. There were 10 pulmonary sequestrations, 15 congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAM), 11 bronchogenic cysts, and 2 congenital lobar emphysemas. They all were confirmed by pathologic exams. The complications were 6 wound disruption or infection, 2 chylothorax, 1 ulnar neuropathy, but all of them were resolved uneventful. There was no persistent air leakage, respiratory failure, operative mortality and recurrence. Conclusion: We performed immediate surgical removal of congenital cystic lung lesions after diagnosis and obtained good results, so reported them with literature review.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2009

Background: Arteriovenous fistula formation is not always easy to perform in hemodialysis patients because of poor preservation of veins due to repeated venipuncture and cannulation. We analyzed the patency rate and complications of prosthetic arteriovenous fistulas using the vena comitantes as a venous outflow in the antecubital fossa, which are protected from venipuncture. Material and Method: Between January 2006 and June 2008, 12 patients underwent prosthetic arteriovenous fistula formation using the vena comitantes as a venous outflow. Arterial inflow was via the brachial artery and the graft was placed in a loop fashion. The male-to-female ratio was 7 : 5 and the mean age was $59{\pm}14$ years. Six patients had diabetes mellitus and 10 patients had hypertension. Result: There were no complications, such as a graft infection or bleeding. Five patients showed postoperative stenosis at an average of 3 months. The primary patency rate was 75.0, 65.6, and 52.2% at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. All the patients with stenosis were able to continue hemodialysis after intervention therapy. The secondary patency rate was 100% at 12 months. Conclusion: Creation of a prosthetic arteriovenous fistula using uninjured vena comitantes resulted in a good patency rate and this vein may become a substitute for inappropriate superficial veins.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 1998

We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with esophageal cancer treated surgically between 1992 and 1996. They composed of 51(94.4%)men, 3(5.6%)women, and the age ranged from 42 to 78, the mean was 58.7$\pm$8.37. Symptoms were varied with dysphagia(72.2%), epigastric discomfort(16.6%), chest pain (5.6%), and so on(5.6%). Transthoracic esophagectomy(TTE) with esophagogastrostomy was done in 36 case, TTE with esophagocologastrostomy in 4 case, and transhiatal esophagectomy(THE) with esophagogastrostomy in 14 case. The operative mortality was 12.9%(7/54); 6 underwent TTE with esophagogastrostomy, and 1 underwent TTE with esophagocologastrostomy. Postoperative complications were of anastomotic leakage in 7 case, wound infection in 10 case, anastomotic stricture in 9 case, vocal cord paralysis in 2 case, bronchial tearing in 1 case, and pneumothorax in 3 case. Locations of esophageal cancer were upper thoracic esophagus in 4 case, middle thoracic esophagus in 34 case and lower thoracic esophagus in 16 case. Histological types were adenocarcinoma in 1 case and squamous cell carcinoma in 53 case. During the follow-up period, 25 cases died. Cumulative survival rate was 52.7% in 1 year, 45.5% in 2 year, 45.5% in 3 year, 45.5% in 4 year, 45.5% in 5 year.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2005

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare clinicopathologic entity of unknown etiology with a variety of digestive symptoms. The pathogenesis is poorly understood. Diagnostic criteria include demonstration of eosinophilic infiltration of the affected bowel wall, lack of evidence of extraintestinal disease, and exclusion of various disorders that could mimic similar conditions. The disease might involve any area of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the rectum, but the stomach and the proximal small bowel are most commonly affected. The clinical features depend on which layer and site are involved. We report the case of a 59-year-old male patient with a 3-week history of post-prandial vomiting with malnutrition and weight loss. An abdominopelvic CT showed a gastric outlet obstruction with diffuse wall thickening, as with linitis plastica. Three gastrofiberscopic biopsies showed chronic gastritis. We carried out a radical total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. The pathologic report revealed a mural type eosinophilic gastritis with a marked hypertrophic scar formation at the proper muscle layer. We report this case with a brief review of the literature. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2005;5:47-51)

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.719-724
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• 2009

Background: As the patients who undergo heart transplantation have achieved better survival in recent years, growing number of recipients are at a risk for experiencing surgical complications in addition to rejection and infection. In this paper, we report on our experience with the surgical complications that occurred in heart transplant recipients. Material and Method: From April 1994 to September 2003, 37 heart transplantations were performed at our center by a single surgeon. The indications for transplantation were dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, valvular cardiomyopathy and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Result: Twenty postoperative complications required surgeries in 15 patients (41%). The types of operations required were; redo-sternotomy for bleeding (5), pericardiostomy for effusion (4), implantation of a permanent pacemaker (1), right lower lobe lobectomy for aspergilloma (1), removal of urinary stone (1), cholecystectomy for gall bladder stone (1), drainage of a perianal abscess (1), paranasal sinus drainage (1), total hip replacement (1), partial gingivectomy due to gingival hypertrophy (1), urethrostomy (1), herniated intervertebral disc operation (1) and total hysterectomy for myoma uteri (1). The locations of the complications were mediastinal in 10 (27%) cases and extramediastihalin 10 (27%) cases. Conclusion: The relatively high incidence of extrathoracic complications associated with heart transplantation emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the improve long-term survival when managing those complex patients.