• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.317-322
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• 2005

[ $Pt/CeO_2$ ] 촉매에 Zr을 첨가하여 우수한 저온 수성가스전화반응의 활성을 가진 촉매를 만들었다. $Pt/ZrO_2-CeO_2$ 촉매는 $Pt/ZrO_2$나 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매에 비해 Ce와 Zr의 상호작용에 의한 시너지 효과로 인해 CO chemisorption으로 측정한 Pt area가 증가하고 담체에 Pt가 잘 분산되었다. 또한, Zr이 첨가된 $Pt/CeO_2$는 Ce의 redox 능력을 향상시켜 support의 reducibility를 향상시켰다. 담체에 고르게 잘 분산되고 support의 산소저장능력과 reducibility가 향상된 $3\;wt\%\;Pt/ZrO_2-CeO_2$ 촉매들은 반응물에 수소와 이산화탄소의 첨가 유무와 상관없이 $3\;wt\%\;Pt/ZrO_2$나 $3\;wt\%\;Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매보다 우수한 활성을 보였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

The comparison work was conducted for the methanol steam reforming among commercial Cu-based catalysts, viz. ICI-M45, which is for the methanol synthesis, MDC-3 and MDC-7, which are for the water-gas shift reaction. The catalytic activity for the water-gas shift reaction was also compared over three catalysts. Among them, MDC-7 showed the highest methanol conversion and formation rate of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at 473 K for the methanol steam reforming. To find out any promotional effect between ICI-M45 and MDC-7, three different packing methods with these two catalysts were examined. However, no synergistic effect was observed. The catalytic activity for watergas shift reaction decreased in the following order: MDC-7 > MDC-3 > ICI-M45. The highest activity of MDC-7 for the methanol steam reforming as well as the water-gas shift reaction can be due to its high surface area, copper dispersion, and an adequate Cu/Zn ratio.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.264-267
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• 2005

수소의 소규모 분산 생산 기술은 본격적 인 수소 인프라가 도입되기 전에 연료전지 자동차의 수소 충 전용이나 분산 발전형 연료전지의 수소 공급을 위해 필요하다. 생산 용량은 수소 기준으로 $10\~100 Nm^3/hr$ 정도로 현재로선 천연가스의 수증기 개질법이 가장 경제적인 공정으로 알려져 있다. 소규모 생산에 따른 열효율 저하를 줄이 기 위해 단위 공정들이 통합된 컴팩트 개질 시스템의 개발이 필요하다. 핵심 기술인 컴팩트 리포머의 국산화 기술 확보를 위하여 $20 Nm^3/hr$용량의 동심관형 리포머를 설계, 제작하였다. 내부구조는 제작의 단순화를 고려하여 중첩된 동심관이 배열되었고 압력 손실과 열웅력 발생을 억제하도록 유로를 배치하였다. 수증기개질 반응에 필요한 반응열은 리포머 본체에 부착된 버너를 이용하여 공급하였다. 성능 측정을 위한 부속 기기로 상온 흡착식 탈황기, 폐열 회수형 수증기 발생기, 반응물 예열을 위한 열교환기, 생성 가스 응축기를 설계 제작하여 전체 리포밍 시스템을 구성하였다. 반응 온도 $680\~720^{\circ}C$, 탄소 대 수중기 비(S/C ratio) $2.7\~3.2$ 조건에서 수증기 개질 반응을 수행하였다. 해당 반응 조건에서 메탄 전환율 $89\%$ 이상, 저위 발열량 기준 개질 열효율 $70\%$ 이상을 달성하였고 개질 생성가스 내 수소의 최대 유량은 $23.4Nm^3/h$였다. 개발된 리포밍 시스템은 고순도 수소 생산이 필요한 경우, 수소 수율 향상을 위한 고온 수성 가스 전화 반응기를 통합 가능하도록 열교환기 구성을 조정할 수 있으며 용융 탄산염 연료전지와 같이 고온형 연료전지의 경우 $550^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 개질 생성 가스를 공급하도록 구성할 수도 있다. 향후 리포머 본체의 개질 효율 향상 및 장치 소형화, 부속 기기의 최적화를 통한 전체 리포밍 시스템 개선, 스케일 업 설계를 위한 엔지니어링 설계 패키지 구성을 계획하고 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2014

Thermal shock or overheating of WGS catalyst for SEWGS system during hydrogen pre-treatment can cause reactivity decay of the catalyst. To select appropriate pre-treatment condition, temperature profiles of catalyst bed (or outside fluidized particle bed of bed insert) during pre-treatment were measured and then CO conversions of those catalysts during WGS reaction were also measured and compared. Drastic overheating of catalyst took place when we reduce catalyst at fixed bed condition and these catalysts showed low CO conversion during WGS reaction. On the contrary, there was no overheating of catalyst at fluidized bed condition not only physical mixing case but also bed insert case. Spring type bed insert showed acceptable CO conversion even at low WGS content. Consequently, feasibility of high CO conversion without decay of reactivity of catalyst and holding the WGS catalyst inside the SEWGS reactor as tablet shape were confirmed using spring type bed insert.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2014

To enhance the performance of SEWGS system by holding the WGS catalyst in a SEWGS reactor, a spring type bed insert was developed. In this study, effects of operating variables such as steam/CO ratio, gas velocity, syngas concentration on CO conversion were investigated in a fluidized bed reactor using the spring type bed insert to hold the WGS catalyst as tablet shape. CO conversion increased initially as the steam/CO ratio increased. But further increment of the steam/CO ratio caused decreasing of CO conversion because of increment of gas velocity and decrement of syngas concentration. Moreover, CO conversion decreased as the gas velocity increased and the syngas concentration decreased at the same steam/CO ratio. Continuous operation up to 48 hours (2 days) was carried out to check reactivity decay of WGS catalyst supported by spring type bed insert. The average CO conversion was 99.04% and we could conclude that the WGS reactivity at those conditions was maintained up to 48 hours.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.352-360
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• 2017

Polygeneration process is widely used to pursuit high efficiency by sharing electricity, utility, refrigeration and the utilization of product chemicals. In this paper, performance analysis of the 450 MW Class polygeneration process was conducted with various syngas generated from coal and biomass gasifier. WGSR and PSA process were employed for hydrogen production and separation. Process modeling and dynamic simulation was carried out, and the results were compared with NETL report. Net power of the polygeneration process was 439 MW considering power consumption. More than 90% of CO was converted at WGSR and the hydrogen purity of PSA was more than 99.99%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.727-735
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• 2014

For improved sustainability of the biorefinery industry, biorefinery-byproduct glycerol is being investigated as an alternate source for hydrogen production. This research designs and optimizes a hydrogen-production process for small hydrogen stations using steam reforming of purified glycerol as the main reaction, replacing existing processes relying on steam methane reforming. Modeling, simulation and optimization using a commercial process simulator are performed for the proposed hydrogen production process from glycerol. The mixture of glycerol and steam are used for making syngas in the reforming process. Then hydrogen are produced from carbon monoxide and steam through the water-gas shift reaction. Finally, hydrogen is separated from carbon dioxide using PSA. This study shows higher yield than former U.S. DOE and Linde studies. Economic evaluations are performed for optimal planning of constructing domestic hydrogen energy infrastructure based on the proposed glycerol-based hydrogen station.