• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.278-289
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• 2010

A series of composite membranes based on sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) were prepared via addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and solution casting method. The morphological structure, water uptake, proton conductivity of the resulting composite membranes were extensively investigated as function of the content of TEOS. By the sol-gel reaction, TEOS molecules were not completely converted to $SiO_2$ particles, but formed only oligomer-type. Also, EDS confirms that the resulting silicon dioxide was homogeneously distributed in the composite membranes. As the content of TEOS increased, the prepared membranes increased water uptake and proton conductivity at high temperature and low relative humidity condition. In particular, considerably high proton conductivity (0.015 S/cm) at $120^{\circ}C$ and 48%RH was demonstrated in the composite membrane containing 200% TEOS, which is 10 times greater than that of unmodified SPAES membrane. Also, the composite membranes were found to have enhanced thermal stability compared to the unmodified membrane.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

In this study, in order to improve the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt mixtures, a modifier (CSM, Cationized Silicate Modifier) was applied to asphalt to derive optimal mixing ratio conditions. Design of asphalt mixture using modified asphalt binder was conducted, and moisture resistance and dynamic stability were evaluated for optimal mixing conditions. The evaluation results showed that it exceeded the standards stipulated in the relevant guidelines, and as a result of conducting a water permeability test on the optimal mixing condition, it was confirmed that impermeable performance was secured. As a result of examining the noise reduction performance through field test, a noise reduction performance of about 10 dB was secured compared to before paving. It will be necessary to secure reliability through continuous noise generation evaluation in the future.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

Recently, since atopic dermatitis is sensitive to skin irritation, it has been suggested that the development of a patch that can effectively exhibit adhesion and absorption to a specific local area while minimizing skin irritation, and capable of appropriate drug release should be given priority. In this study, we tried to develop a hydrogel patch that minimizes skin irritation, adheres effectively to a specific area, and promotes absorption. The atopic patch was formulated into a super-absorbent hydrogel sheet using a freeze drying method. Cell viability assay was carried out using keratinocytes (HaCaT cell) and fibroblasts (L929 cells). In order to investigate the physical properties, FT-IR, FE-SEM, porosity analysis and swelling behavior were investigated. As a result, the newly prepared HA-Dex hydrogel patch was verified by biocompatibility and physical evaluation. In addition, the manufactured hydrogel patch has sufficient moisture absorption capacity and can relieve itching of atopic skin, and is expected to be applied to various drug delivery products for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in the future.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1998

As a part of investigation for quality improvement of surimi gel from fish with a red muscle by addition of calcium-based powder from fish bone, we investigated the processing condition of calcium-fortified mackerel surumi gel and its quality stability during storage at $5^{\circ}C$. Judging from the results of the soluble calcium content and jelly strength, the reasonable addition concentration of calcium-based powder from Alaska pollack bone for improvement of functional properties in surimi gel was revealed 0.9% on the weight basis of the chopped mackerel meat. The soluble calcium content of the calcium-fortified surimi gel (105.0 mg/100 g) was more than that of the ordinary surumi gel (2.9 mg/100 g). During cold storage of calcium-fortified surumi gel, the moisture contents, amino acid compositions, soluble calcium and phosphorus contents were little changed, the pH, volatile basic nitrogen contents, histamine contents, peroxide values and brown pigment formation were slightly increased and viable cell counts and coliform groups were not detected. The calcium-fortified surimi gel was superior in the lysine and calcium contents, EPA and DHA compositions to the ordinary surumi gel. Judging from the results, it was suggested that calcium-fortified surumi gel was nutritive, functional and safety foods.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

As concrete structures are exposed to chemical substances, damaged from salt, or progressed to the neutralization, the surface damage of the structures is generated timely fashion, resulting shortened service life. Especially, the sulfate erosion causes rapid surface defects, and the steel skeleton becomes corroded due to the water infiltration, generating stability deterioration of the concrete structure. In this study, the physical characteristics of the acid-resistant mortar with aluminosilicates was investigated in order to resolve problems of the acid resistance, one of the most serious problems of the cement type repair material. As the result of the experiment, the test specimen turned to exhibit almost equivalent physical characteristics with those of concrete sectional repair materials in terms of compressive and bending strengths. As both the cement sectional repair material and the test specimen were immerged in sulfuric acid solution to examine weight changes, the test specimens exhibited only 4% loss of their weights while the cement sectional repair materials reached at the level of 80% or above, proving the excellence acid resistant characteristics of the test specimens. Consequently, the physical characteristics of acid resistant mortar with aluminosilicates were revealed to be superior than those of concrete sectional repair materials. It can be utilized as a sectional repair material where the acidic erosion is anticipated.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

Epoxy/anhydride systems with silica filler were studied to improve the cure behavior and characteristics. To study the curing process of epoxy/anhydride using DSC and a stress rheometer, it was observed that gelation temperature increased by increasing the thermal rate or in high isothermal conditions, while it was observed that the degree of cure at gelation decreased. Thermal stability of the epoxy/anhydride system showed any increment by increasing silica contents, except slight decrease of weight by containing humidity. The epoxy resin cured with 30% of silica filler decreased coefficient thermal expansion (CTE) about 33% to show $40ppm/^{\circ}C$. Specimens filled with 30 wt% of silica showed 60% increase in storage modulus at $30^{\circ}C$ to show 3909 MPa compared with neat resin to 2,377 MPa. Epoxy/anhydride systems with surface treated silica by silane coupling agent decreased storage modulus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.598-603
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• 2004

Physicochemical properties of crystalline-structured buckwheat starches cultivated and harvested in Taiwan, China, Korea, and USA were compared. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that all starches were type A as are most natural starches. Moisture contents of starches were 6.30-9.58%, and crude protein contents of Taiwanese and Chinese buckwheats were higher than those of Korean and American ones, whereas Korean and Chinese buckwheats had higher fat contents. Blue-value of Chinese buckwheat was highest at 0.39 and that of Korean buckwheat was lowest at 0.32. Amylose content of American buckwheat was highest at 27.6 and that of Korean buckwheat was lowest. Highest water-binding capacity was shown in Taiwanese buckwheat and lowest in American one. Higher amylase contents in Chinese and American buckwheats reduced expansion and solubility. Highest values of viscosity measured by RVA, breakdown indicating process stability, and setback closely connected to retrogradation of American buckwheat resulted in relatively hard gel.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.547-557
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• 2013

The mode II fracture toughness and strength due to shear stress are important parameters in the stability of caprock and injection zone with application to geological sequestration of carbon dioxide. In this research, a short beam compression test has been used to determine the shear strength and the mode II fracture toughness for Coconino sandstone. The average value of the shear strength and mode II fracture toughness are estimated to be 23.53 MPa and 1.58 MPa${\surd}$m respectively. The stress intensity factor is suggested by finite element analysis using the displacement extrapolation method. The effect of biaxial stress and water saturation on the fracture toughness has also been investigated. The fracture toughness increases with confining stresses, but decreases by 11.4% in fully saturated condition.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2008

The aim of the study was to formulate the stable amlodipine maleate tablet by selecting and combining of suitable ingredients. Amlodipine tablets were designed by using different manufacturing methods or formulations. Dissolution rate at 30 min of newly formulated tablets was over 98% in 0.1 M HCl medium. After 4 months storage under accelerated condition, the changes of appearance, loss on drying, content and total impurity were investigated. For long-term stability tests, two formulations of K017 (direct compressed tablets consisting of microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch) and K018 (wet granulated tablets by OpadryAMB) were stored under $25^{\circ}C$, 60% RH for 24 months. Under the accelerated condition, moisture content in K017 formulation was increased as 5.96% for 4 months, while other formulations with anhydrous monobasic phosphoric potassium or by wet granulation showed higher increase in moisture content compared to K017. In addition, K017 formulation showed a low decrease in contents and total relative substance as 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. Similar stability of amlodipine in K017 was obtained under the long-term stability test. These results indicate that the K017 combined with microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch as ingredients is very stable formulation to protect active substance from moisture contact and sustain stability. Therefore, suitable combination of ingredients such as microcrystalline cellulose and pregelatinized starch could attribute to enhance the stability of moisture-labile drug such as amlodipine maleate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.307-307
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• 2008

전자부품에서 기존에 봉착, 코팅, 결합용 glass frit로 사용되어 왔던 Pb계 glass frit는 낮은 융점을 가지고 있고, 화학적으로도 매우 안정한 특성을 가지고 있다. 그러나 Pb계 glsss frit은 환경에 심각한 문제를 초래하기 때문에 이를 대체하기 위하여 저온에서 소성이 가능한 인산주석계를 기본조성계로 설정하였다. 인산주석계 glass의 취약한 내화학성, 내수성과 SnO의 환원에 의한 결정 석출 등의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 $R_2O_3$, RO 등을 첨가하여 glass frit의 특성을 향상시키고자하였다. 수분에 취약한 $P_2O_5$계 glass의 $R_2O_3$를 첨가하여 항온항습기를 이용하여 흡습성을 측정하고, 내수성에 가장 안정한 특성을 보이는 SnO-$P_2O_5-R_2O_3$ 계 glass 조성에 RO를 첨가하여 RO 첨가량에 따른 내산성과 내알칼리성의 변화를 관찰하였다. SnO-$P_2O_5-R_2O_3$계 glass의 RO첨가량에 따른 melting 특성의 변화를 flow-button test를 통해 관찰하였다. SnO-$P_2O_5-R_2O_3$계는 RO계의 변화에 따라 전이온도가 증가하고, 열팽창계수가 감소하는 결과를 보였다.