• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.616-621
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• 2007

In order to improve the storage stability of steamed bread, fermented pine needle extract syrup potentially with several functional properties was added in manufacturing the products at levels of 8.3, 11 and 18% based on Brix degree of the dough. The manufactured bread was stored at ambient conditions and measured for quality attributes. Dough added with the fermented pine needle extract syrup maintained its pH and water activity at levels of $5.45{\sim}5.90\;and\;0.94{\sim}0.96$, which are normally suitable for yeast fermentation and for appropriate dough hardness. Addition of the extract syrup increased the bread volume by more than 20%. The bread with higher content of the pine needle extract syrup showed slower increase of bread hardness during storage, suggesting retardation of bread retrogradation. The addition of the pine needle extract syrup in bread dough also inhibited growth of the aerobic bacteria and molds on the bread surface (by $0.8{\sim}24$ in log (CFU/g) at 4 day storage). Use of higher than 11% concentration presented initially a strong fine needle flavor to the bread, which disappeared soon after 2 days. Generally addition of the pine needle extract syrup did not give negative effects on the bread quality including sensory quality. Therefore, the addition of the needle extract syrup could contribute to improving the storage stability and extending the shelf life of the bread.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.869-874
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• 1998

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the optimum density of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) fed the formulated diet or macroalgae ( Undaria). Abalone with initial average shell length of 8.41 mm were stocked into three replicate tanks at four different densities of 1430, 2860, 4290, and 5720 individual/$m^2$ for 15 weeks. The formulated diet produced higher body weight and shell growth, soft body weight and survival rate than Undaria in abalone. Abalone fed the formulated diet have significantly (P<0,05) higher lipid and ash, and lower moisture and protein in soft body. Higher density resulted in lower growth and survival (P<0.05). Whereas shell growth, survival rate and weight gain were not significantly (P>0.05) different within the abalone stocked at stocking densities of 1430 and 2860 individual/$m^2$ in each diet group. Body composition of abalone was not affected by increasing density. These study indicate that the number of abalone (shell length ranges of between 8 mm and 17 mm) below 2860 individual/$m^2$ were predicted to effective density in the indoor tank culture system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2003

Recovery conditions and characteristics of a high molecular soluble protein from surimi processing wastewater in marine manufacture using calcium powder of cuttle bone treated with acetic acid (ATC) were examined. Judging from results of total-N, pH, COD, turbidity and yields, optimal treatment concentration of ATC for recovery of high molecular soluble proteins from wastewater was $1.0\%.$ The protein recovered from seafood waste (PRW) was macromolecule weight. The COD value in the wastewater treated with ATC was very high. The PRW had a $78.4\%$ in moisture, $1.0\%$ in crude lipid and $5.7\%$ in crude ash. The proximate composition, except the crude ash, of the PRW was similar to that of commercial surimi. The PRW showed white index and similar in the content and in the composition of total amino acid to those of commercial surimi. From the results of sensory evaluation on white index and texture, the heat-induced surimi gel prepared with $5\%$ subsititution of the PRW for bulking agent of commercial surimi was not significantly different compared to that prepared with the original commercial surimi.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.435-442
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• 2006

Effects of surimi-like material (SLM) from pig heart on the quality of frankfurter sausage were investigated. The sausages were made by substituted addition of SLM at 5 and 10% levels in raw meats. Contents of moisture and fat in batter were not changed by addition of SLM, respectively, whereas protein content was significantly (P<0.05) decreased with SLM level increased. Although pH of frankfurter sausage was significantly (P<0.05) increased with SLM addition, percentage of cook yield was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. As increasing of addition levels of SLM, hardness and chewiness were decreased, but springiness was significantly (P<0.05) increased. Also, panel rated sausages of 10% SLM as having a higher tenderness and acceptability compared with control. These results suggested that a tender frankfurter sausage without any defects of flavor might be made with substitution of SLM from pig heart.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

This study examined for possibility of the food wastewater incineration treatment method as one of overland treatment method by incineration through liquefied spray of food wastewater when incinerating domestic wastes under operation and for the relationship, etc of air discharge material discharged in incineration, and the results of study are as follow: The food wastewater as one of overland treatment method was analysed 94-96% of moisture contents. Temperature of incinerator outduct during mixed incineration of food wastewater with MSW was average $897^{\circ}C$ and incineration of only MSW was $925^{\circ}C$. Temperature of the mixed incineration of food wastewater was dropped about $28^{\circ}C$ by incineration of only MSW. Concentration of nitrogen oxides(NOx) among air discharge gases was studied by 50ppm, 46ppm when inputting $200{\ell}/hr$, $300{\ell}/hr$ into the incinerator as the quantity of food wastewater. In the mixed incineration of food wastewater, generation speed of scales in the inside of a tubular exhaust gas boiler became rapid and the scale generation quantity became large but the exhaust gas boiler normally operated since scales were removed in cleaning of the tube with a compressive air cleaning facility and there was no opening clogging phenomena in a filter cloth of the filtering dust collector. The overland treatment method, not ocean dumping of food wastewater can be proposed as a technology since mixed incineration of food wastewater with MSW in the existing domestic waste incineration plant is possible, and operation costs of the incineration facility were reduced since use of chemicals such as ammonia and urinary hydrogen ion excretion, etc used in incineration facilities for removing nitrogen oxides(NOx).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2004

Removal efficiencies for diesel fuel and diesel hydrocarbons ($C_10$∼$C_22$) using microwave-enhanced SVE process were evaluated with dry and moist soil, respectively. Diesel removal rates of microwave-enhanced SVE process were 7 times for dry soil and 1580 times for moist soil as great as those of the SVE process without microwave heating. High dielectric property of water contents may accelerate the absorption of microwave energy into soil and thus vaporized the diesel fuel components drastically. The diesel removals were 67.7∼78.4% for $C_10$ and $C_12$, and 0∼18.5% for $C_14$∼$C_22$ for dry and moist soil with SVE process only. On the other hand, dry soil with microwave-enhanced SVE process showed 89.3∼99.4% removal for $C_10$ to and $C_12$ and 35.6∼67.0% for hydrocarbons over $C_14$. All hydrocarbons ($C_10$∼$C_22$) studied were significantly removed (93.6∼99.8%) for moist soil with microwave-enhanced SVE process.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-145
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• 1998

Unlike water or air quality standards that have been established by legislation using potential human health impact as the primary criterion, soil quality depends on the soils primary function and its relevant environmental factors, which is much more site- and soil specific. A properly characterized soil quality assessment system should serve as an indicator of the soil capacity to produce safe and nutritious food, to enhance human and animal health, and to overcome degrative processes. For our proposed example, a high quality soil with regard to maintaining an adequate soil productivity as a food production resources must accommodate soil and water properties, food chain, sustainability and utilization, environment, and profitability, that (i) facilitate water transfer and absorption, (ii) sustain plant growth, (iii) resist physical degradation of soil, (iv) produce a safe food resources, (v) cost-effective agricultural management. Possible soil quality indicators are identified at several levels within the framework for each of these functions. Each indicator is assigned a priority or weight that reflects its relative importance using a multi-objective approach based on principles of systems to be considered. To do this, individual scoring system is differentiated by the several levels from low to very high category or point scoring ranging from 0 to 10, And then weights are multiplied and products are summed to provide an overall soil quality rating based on several physical and chemical indicators. Tlne framework and procedure in developing the soil quality assessment are determined by using information collected from an alternative and conventional farm practices in the regions. The use of an expanded framework for assessing effects of other processes, management practices, or policy issues on soil quality is also considered. To develop one possible form for a soil quality index, we should permit coupling the soil characteristics with assessment system based on soil properties and incoming and resident chemicals. The purpose of this paper is to discuss approaches to defining and assessing soil quality and to suggest the factors to be considered.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2007

The quality characteristics of Gangjung added with detoxified Rhus verniciflua stem bark (RVSB) extract, as well as the changes that occurred in the product during accelerated storage ($60^{\circ}C$, 24 hr), were investigated. The expansion rate of Gangjung was not significantly different (p < 0.05). The L-value of the Gangjung with added detoxified RVSB extract was higher than the control, while the a-value decreased as the addition levels of the detoxified RVSB extract increased. The b-value was highest for the Gangjung prepared with 7% (w/w) detoxified RVSB extract. The moisture content of the Gangjung decreased as the storage period increased, but the addition of detoxified RVSB extract (p < 0.05) did not significantly change this effect. We found no significant difference in the hardness of the Gangjung within the concentration range of 0-7% (w/w) detoxified RVSB extract, and the peak number slightly decreased as the storage period increased. After 16 hr of storage, the acid value was significantly lower for the Gangjung containing detoxified RVSB extract at concentration between 5-7%. Furthermore, after 12 hr of accelerated storage, peroxide and TBA values significantly decreased with additions of detoxified RVSB extract that were over 3% (w/w). These results suggest that the physical texture of Gangjung did not improve by the addition of detoxified RVSB extract; however, its rate of lipid oxidation was reduced.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.686-690
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• 2008

Recent research has shown that curcumin has beneficial effects in a variety of skin diseases, including scleroderma, psoriasis, and skin cancer. In this study, we assessed the effects of curcumin on epidermal permeability barrier function in vivo and in vitro. In order to evaluate the effects of curcumin on epidermal permeability barrier function in vivo, hairless rats were exposed to UVB irradiation, and curcumin was administered orally at a dosage of 150 mg/kg per day for 8 weeks. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and epidermal thickness were measured at the end of the experiment. The expression of filaggrin, a marker of keratinocyte differentiation, and serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a marker of the formation of the stratum corneum lipid barrier, in human HaCat keratinocytes were analyzed. The in vivo results showed that an 8 week administration of curcumin markedly prevented the UVB-induced increase in TEWL. The UV-induced increase in epidermal thickness was also reduced significantly by curcumin treatment. The in vitro results demonstrated the concentration-dependent effects of curcumin on the expression of both filaggrin and SPT in HaCat cells, reflecting the notion that curcumin can induce epidermal keratinocyte differentiation and can improve the recovery of skin barrier functions. These results show that curcumin is a promising candidate for the improvement of epidermal permeability barrier function.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1743-1749
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cucumber beverage intake on fluid-regulating hormones and CRP in amateur marathoners between the ages of 47~49. Among research subjects, 8 male middle-aged marathoners who have completed the full marathon course over 5 times and who have run for over 50 months were selected. In two marathon races, they received firstly water and secondly cucumber beverage: 10 ml before the race, 50 ml every 5 km, and 200 ml after the race, adding up to 10 drinks and 710 ml in total amount of beverage taken. For statistics, one-way ANOVA within the group was conducted through SPSS 12.0; for post-examination, Duncan was utilized; and for inter-group examination, an independent t-test was used. Before, right after, and after the marathon, the cucumber beverage intake group had a significantly decreased serum ADH concentration compared to the water intake group. Both the cucumber beverage and water intake groups had significantly increased serum rennin levels before, right after, and after the marathon. Both the cucumber beverage and water intake groups had significantly increased aldosterone before, right after, and after the marathon. CRP levels didn't show change. In conclusion, intake of cucumber beverage during a marathon race was found to help with fluid-regulating hormones. This research has attempted to continue to study the influence on hormones that control body fluids.