• 건강소식
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• v.24 no.4 s.257
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• pp.11-11
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• 2000

수면은 우리 삶의 많은 부분을 차지하는 중요한 삶의 영역이다. 그러나 여러 가지 원인으로 인하여 많은 현대인들이 수면의 즐거움을 제대로 누리지 못하고 있다. 미국의 경우 수면 장애에 의한 졸리움증으로 생기는 사회적ㆍ개인적 손실의 규모를 연간 약 150억 달러로 추정하고 있을 정도다. 우리나라 성인 중에 수면 장애의 하나인 불면증을 경험한 사람의 비율은 73.4%나 될 정도로 광범위하게 나타나고 있지만 정작 그 해결책을 찾지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 수면장애에는 크게 불면증을 보이는 수면 장애, 낮에 과도한 졸리움을 일으키는 수면 장애, 자다가 이상한 행동을 보이는 수면 장애로 구분되어지는데 우리가 일상에서 인식하는 수면 장애는 불면증 정도로 그치는 것이 일반적이다. 더욱이 이러한 수면 장애를 해결하는 방법의 이해 부족으로 수면제나 담배, 술 등에 의존하기 쉽고 단순히 잠을 자야 한다는 강박관념에 시달려 오히려 증상을 악화시키는 경우가 많다. 그러나 수면 장애를 올바르게 이해하고 있다면 그 해결 방안은 의외로 간단하다. 우리의 몸속에 있는 생체 시계의 주기를 규칙적으로 맞추어 가는 것이 중요하다. 또한 수면은 신체적인 요소보다는 정신적인 요소가 많이 작용하기 때문에 무엇보다도 편안한 마음가짐과 무의식적인 수면 유도가 필요하다. ('이달의 건강길라잡이'에 관한 자세한 내용은 건강길라잡이 홈페이지(http://healthguide.hihasa.re.kr)에 있습니다.)

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2022

REM sleep behavior disorder is parasomnia characterized by unpleasant dreams and dream-enactment behaviors associated with excessive electromyography activity in REM sleep. This may appear idiopathic or secondary to other neurological or medical conditions. REM sleep behavior disorder, which appears to be idiopathic, most often implies the possibility of later neurodegenerative diseases due to synucleinopathy, so accurate diagnosis is important in predicting prognosis. For the diagnosis of REM sleep behavioral disorder, REM sleep without atonia, which appears in the polysomnography, is essential. Obstructive sleep apnea, trauma-related sleep disorders, and vigorous periodic leg movements during sleep are known as diseases that show dream enactment behavior in elderly patients. Considering that it may be accompanied by other sleep disorders that can mimic REM sleep behavioral disorders, it is important to differentiate sleep

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between sensory processing and sleep disturbances and to investigate the effect of sensory processing on sleep disorder in preschool children with developmental disorder. This study was conducted for 110 children with developmental disorder in developmental clinic and rehabilitation hospital in Gwang Ju from June to August, 2017. The final 109 data were analyzed. Sensory processing and Sleep disturbances were measured using the Shortened sensory profile(SSP) and Korean-the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire(K-CSHQ). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Children with developmental disorder had problems with sensory processing and sleep habits. Sensory processing was related to sleep habit and most important factors of sensory processing influencing sleep was taste/olfactory sensitivity, auditory filtering. Conclusion: In order to help children with developmental disorder with sleep problem, it is necessary to consider the sensory processing especially taste/olfactory sensitivity, auditory filtering.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

Objectives: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom and is associated with sleep behavior, sleep deprivation, and night shift, etc. It is also one of the most important symptoms of sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). According to our survey on Korean literature, a few studies have dealt with daytime sleepiness, and we have not been able to locate any study comparing normal subjects with polysomnography-proven sleep disorder patients regarding daytime sleepiness. We aimed at comparing daytime sleepiness among normal healthy daytime workers, medical students being expected to have daytime sleepiness due to chronic sleep deprivation, and patients having sleep disorders diagnosed with polysomnography. We also studied the association between subjective daytime sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings in patients with sleep disorders. Methods: One hundred three hospital workers, 137 medical students, and patients with sleep disorders were studied. Sleep disorders included OSA, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), insomnia, and narcolepsy. The degree of subjective sleepiness in each group was measured by the Korean version of Epworth sleepiness scale and compared. The relationship between polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of sleep disorder in each patient group and subjective sleepiness was analyzed. As for patients with narcolepsy, the relationship between the mean sleep latency and subjective sleepiness was studied. Results: There was a significant difference of ESS score (F=68.190, dF=5.752, p<0.001) among daytime workers, medical students, and sleep disorder patients. In OSA patient group, the degree of the sleepiness had no significant correlation either with mean O2 satuaration (p=0.062) or with RDI (p=0.807). In PLMS patient group, there was no correlation between periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and subjective sleepiness (p=0.761). In narcolepsy patient group, the subjective sleepiness had no correlation with mean sleep latency measured with MSLT (p=0.055). Conclusion: We found a significant difference of subjective sleepiness among daytime workers, medical students, and patients with sleep disorders. However, no consistent correlation was found between severity of subjective sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of each sleep disorder. This research confirms that the evaluation of subjective sleepiness is important clinically, but it cannot substitute the objective measures such as nocturnal polysomnography and MSLT.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Objectives: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), characterized by excessive motor activity during REM sleep, is associated with loss of muscle atonia. In recent years, it has been reported that RBD has high co-morbidity with CNS disorders (especially, Parkinson's disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, etc.). We aimed to assess differences in clinical and polysomnographic findings among RBD patients, depending on the presence or absence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Methods: The medical records and polysomnographic data of 81 patients who had been diagnosed as having RBD were reviewed. The patients were classified into two groups: associated RBD (aRBD, i.e., with a clinical history and/or brain MRI evidence of CNS disorder) and idiopathic RBD (iRBD, i.e., without a clinical history and/or brain MRI evidence of CNS disorder) groups. Twenty-one patients (25.9%) belonged to the aRBD group and 60 patients (74.1%) belonged to the iRBD group. The clinical characteristics and polysomnographic findings of the two groups were compared. Results: Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), i.e., PLMI (periodic limb movement index)>5, was observed more frequently in the aRBD group than in the iRBD group (p<0.001, Fisher's exact test). Also, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), i.e., RDI (respiratory disturbance index)>5, was found more frequently in the aRBD group (p=0.0042, Fisher's exact test). The percentages for slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency were significantly lower in the aRBD group than in the iRBD group. Conclusion: We found that 1 out of 4 RBD patients had associated CNS disorders, warranting more careful neurological evaluation and follow-up in this category of RBD. In this category of RBD patients, we also found more frequent PLMD and OSAS. These patients were also found to have lower slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency. In summary, RBD patients with associated CNS disorders suffer from more disturbed sleep than those without them.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2001

Background: Sleep disorders are prevalent in the general population and in medical practice. Three diagnostic classifications for sleep disorders have been developed recently: The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th edition (DSM-IV) and The International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10). Few data have yet been published regarding how the diagnostic systems are related to each other. To address these issues, we evaluated the frequency of sleep disorder diagnoses by DSM-IV and ICSD and compared the DSM-IV with the ICSD diagnoses. Method: Two interviewers assessed 284 inpatients who had been referred for sleep problems in general units of Anam Hospital, holding an unstructured clinical interview with each patient and assigning clinical diagnoses using ICSD and DSM-IV classifications. Results: The most frequent DSM-IV primary diagnoses were "insomnia related to another mental disorder (61.1% of cases)" and "delirium due to general medical condition (26.8%)". "Sleep disorder associated with neurologic disorder (38.4% of cases)" was the most frequent ICSD primary diagnosis, followed by "sleep disorder associated with mental disorder (33.1%)". In comparing the DSM-IV diagnoses with the ICSD diagnoses, sleep disorder unrelated with general medical condition or another mental disorder in DSM-IV categories corresponded with these in ICSD categories. But DSM-IV "primary insomnia" fell into two major categories of ICSD, "psychophysiologic insomni" and "inadequate sleep hygiene". Of 269 subjects, 62 diagnosed with DSM-IV sleep disorder related to general medical condition or another mental disorder disagreed with ICSD diagnoses, which were sleep disorders not associated with general medical condition or mental disorder, i. e., "inadequate sleep hygiene", "environmental sleep disorder", "adjustment sleep disorder" and "insufficient sleep disorder". Conclusion: In this study, we found not only a similar pattern between DSM-IV and ICSD diagnoses but also disagreements, which should not be overlooked by clinicians and resulted from various degrees of understanding of the pathophysiology of the sleep disorders among clinicians. Non-diagnosis or mis-diagnosis leas to inappropriate treatment, therefore the clinicians' understanding of the classification and pathophysiology of sleep disorders is important.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2014

Objective : In this study, we tried to know what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low, median, with high intensity exercise in sleep disorder. Methods : We divided 90 into 3 groups and performed low, moderate, and high intensity exercise, respectively for 8 weeks in K city. Results : As a result, first, there was a significant change of global PSQI score in moderate intensity exercise comparing with before and after exercise. Second, there was a significant change of global PSQI score in moderate intensity exercise comparing with low and high intensity exercise. Third, there was a significant change of melatonin in blood in moderate intensity exercise comparing with before and after exercise. Forth, there was a significant change of melatonin in blood in moderate intensity exercise comparing with low and high intensity exercise. Conclusion : In this study, we observed change of EEG and melatonin in blood to know how did continued exercise according to intensity of exercise have effect on sleep disorder. In conclusion, it was more effect to apply moderate exercise. It can help progress of life of quality through improvement of sleep disorder and they stay healthy during the rest of time.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.205-218
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• 2008

Interaction between pain and sleep has long been proved through many researches, and various studies are being conducted to identify its mechanism. However, these studies have targeted on patients with systemic disease, such as rheumatic disease and fibromyalgia. There are few researches on patients with orofacial pain including temporomandibular disorder(TMD). In this study, we studied interaction between pain aspect and sleep quality in 229 patients with TMD, who visited the TMJ and Orofacial pain clinic. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale(ESS) questionnaire were surveyed and sleep-screening device was operated. PSQI showed that sleep quality in TMD patients with pain was poorer than that in TMD patients without pain. The ratio of poor sleeper was higher in TMD patients with pain. Especially, TMD patients with chronic pain showed obviously poorer sleep quality than TMD patients with acute pain. The result of ESS showed that patients with painful TMD showed more daytime sleepiness than painless TMD patients. The ratio of TMD patients with chronic pain who had daytime sleepiness was higher than TMD patients with acute pain, and the amount of daytime sleepiness was higher in the group of chronic pain. In TMD patients with chronic pain, only the poor sleeper(PSQI>5) presented mean ESS>10(diagnostic criteria of daytime sleepiness). There was no correlation between pain intensity and sleep quality or daytime sleepiness. The result of ApnealinkTM for screening of sleep related breathing disorder showed that only 1 patient presented AHI>5 among 19 participants. TMD patients with chronic pain presented poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness similar to other chronic pain patients. Evaluation of sleep state by questionnaire might be useful for diagnosis and management of TMD, because sleep disturbance decreases pain threshold and pain disturbs sleep. In addition, sleep-screening device would be useful for screening sleep related breathing disorder in dental clinic.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1752-1755
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• 2015

일부 현대인들은 수면장애로 인하여 사회생활에 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 이러한 현상은 점점 사회가 복잡해짐에 따라 증가하고 있다. 최근 이런 수면장애를 개선하기 위하여 수면환경을 파악하고 솔루션을 제공하는 시스템들이 많이 연구되고 있다. 본 연구에서도 멀티센서를 활용하여 수면환경을 분석하고 수면장애를 개선하고자 한다. 특히, 기본적인 사용자 상태를 파악하기 위해, 심박센서와 압력센서를 사용하고, 수면환경 데이터를 수집하기 위해, 온도/습도 센서와 조도센서를 사용한다. 또한 수면환경을 개선하기 위해 가습기, 방향제, 스피커와 같은 엑츄에이터를 동작하여 수면환경을 개선한다. 본 연구에서는 사용자 데이터와 환경데이터의 융합을 통하여 수면장애를 개선하고자 하며, 이는 수면장애로 고생하는 많은 현대인들의 수면의 질을 향상시켜 웰니스 상태를 증대시킬 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 1998

Background: Sleep-related breathing disorders(SRBD) and periodic leg movements disorder(PLMD) are both common, and are considered as separate sleep disorders. However, both disorders show high comorbidity. SRBD and PLMD can result in excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia due to frequent sleep fragmentation. So, it is very important to consider the presence of PLMD, when we are dealing with the diagnosis and management of SRBD. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of PLMD in patients with SRBD, and to describe any differences between patients with and without PLMD. Method: The authors reviewed the sleep recordings of 106 patients with a final diagnosis of SRBD(obstructive sleep apnea or upper airway resistance syndrome), who underwent full nocturnal polysomnography, including the monitoring of the anterior tibialis electromyogram. All sleep records were recorded and scored using the standard criteria. The data was analyzed by the student t-test. Result: 106 patients(M=76, F=30) were included in the analysis. Data revealed a mean age of $49.5{\pm}13.6$ years, a respiratory disturbance index(RDI) of $22.3{\pm}25.4$/hour sleep, a lowest oxygen saturation of $84.9{\pm}11.3%$, a maximal esophageal pressure of $-41.0{\pm}19.1cmH_2O$, and PLM index(PLMI) of $13.1{\pm}22.4$movements/hour sleep. Forty four percent(47 of 106 patients) had a PLMI of greater than 5 on this study. The mean age of the patients with PLMD was significantly higher than that of the patients without PLMD(p<0.005). Female patients with SRBD accompanied more PLMD(p<0.05). The apnea index of the patients with PLMD was significantly lower than that of the patients without PLMD(p<0.01). The percentage of stage 1 sleep in the patients with PLMD was significantly lower than that of the patients without PLMD(p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of PLMD in the patients with SRBD was high at 44.3%. The patients with PLMD were older and had more high RDI in comparison to the patients without PLMD, which was consistent with previous findings. The authors recommend that more careful consideration of PLMD is required when diagnosing and treating SRBD.