• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.277-281
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• 2017

Lately rainfall characteristics that it rains a lot in a short space of time often occurs. Because of this meteorological phenomena, the flow rate and concentration of initial rainfall for runoff and combined sewer overflows are changed. In the case of this inlet fluctuation, the flotation method at high surface loading rate is suitable for water quality management. the flotation method is able to meet the removal rate requirements of water public zone in 5 to 10 min which is irelatively short period. For assessment and diagonision of flotation method, A/S ratio is applied until now. But unfortunately, this has some limits for evaluation standard for certification and assessment of technical diagnosis and operation. This is why there is different efficiency in the bubble distribution at the same A/S ratio. The velocity and time of floating is changed by the different bubble distributions. The floating time affects the plant volume because the time factor make size dicision. Therefore the charateristics of bubble distribution and floating time at the same A/S ratio is necessary to apply to evaluation standard for certification and assessment of technical diagnosis and operation. For generalization of the method in certification and assessment, the characteristics of bubble distribution was studied. Until recently, using the optical device and shooting live video, there are some analysis technology of the floating factors. But this kind of technology is influenced by the equipment. with this level of confidence about the results, it is difficult to apply to generalize. According this reasons, this study should be applied on experiment generalization of method about measurement of relation between bubble distribution and floating time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.233-243
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• 2020

This study determined the relationship between organizational conflicts and job satisfaction of administrative staff members employed in university hospitals. The sample consisted of 232 hospital administrators working at four different college hospitals located in D city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire during the period from January 10th 2019 to February 15th 2019. As a result of the study, the job satisfaction levels were significantly different according to age, education, BMI, subjective sleep evaluation, subjective health status, job position, monthly income, physical burden of work, sense of satisfaction at work, fit to the job and consideration to quit the job. The job satisfaction levels according to the organizational conflicts were significantly lower with higher organizational conflicts. Further, the job satisfaction level showed a significant negative correlation with organizational conflicts. The risk ratio of lower job satisfaction significantly increased for the group with higher organizational conflict scores than that of the group with lower organizational conflict scores. The results suggest that job satisfaction of administrative staff at university hospitals is significantly related with organizational conflicts. It is necessary to present specific measures to resolve conflicts within an organization in order to enhance job satisfaction for administrative staff at university hospitals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.586-600
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• 2018

The purpose of this study attempted to collect basic data for development of an integrated self-management program for cancer survivors who completed cancer treatment. Self-management programs are divided into symptom management and physical activity management. Symptom management includes fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, depression and anxiety. PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE were used for searching guidelines. Based on the guideline quality evaluation, the final 8 guidelines were analyzed. The structured table was used to extract the screening subjects, timing, contents, subjects for comprehensive assessment and contents, and summarized contents related to the physical activity and exercise in non-pharmacological approach. As a result, after the completion of cancer treatment, all cancer survivors should be screened regularly using reliable and validated tools. In the case of fatigue, physical activity was recommended as the primary intervention, but it was recommended for other symptoms as adjuvant therapy. Therefore, Cancer survivors should be encouraged to be active in their physical activity, and maintain the moderate intensity physical activity as long as they have no complication related to the cancer treatment. Motivation strategies for physical activity need to be developed and applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1287-1292
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• 2006

Constructed wetlands are well known as highly efficient system to treat wastewater from different sources. Among the constructed wetlands, upflow types of constructed wetlands have become a common selection of wastewater during the last decade. We conducted a pilot scale study at peen house on treating potential of nutrients by upflow vegetated filter(UVF) pilot wetland which was combined with hydrodynamic separator and used the cattail plant(Typha angustifolia), and operated with artificial nutrients influent. This study evaluate the performances of upflow vegetated fille, in removal of nutrients. The objectives of this study were two-fold: (i) to evaluate the nutrients removal performance of pilot-scale upflow vegetated filter, filled with a mixture of perlite and soil media and planted with cattails and (ii) to design of scale-up upflow vegetated filter using Froude number. Results indicated that, under the condition of the ranges of hydraulic surface load rate were $22.7{\pm}9.6\;m^3/m^2/day$, the average removal of $COD_{Mn}$, and TN, TP were 57.5%, 40.0% and 41.5%, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics, FLUENT 6.0 program was used to predict the distribution of velocity in UVF and hydrodynamic separator. Full scale UVF was designed using the Froude number scale-up method that was assumed geomertic similarity between model and prototype. Result shows that the UVF with 3 m diameter has capacity of design sewage flowrate 75 $m^3/day$.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

Objectives : Thyroid function is associated with psychiatric disturbance such as mood symptoms, cognitive functions, anxiety and sleep problem. We evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on negative symptoms of schizophrenia, mood symptoms and somatic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Sixty five patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The patients were classified into two groups; the patients with the history of abnormal thyroid indices level(group of abnormal thyroid function) and the patients without the history of normal thyroid indices level(group of normal thyroid function). At baseline and 8 weeks later, psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Somatosensory Amplication Scale(SSAS). Results : During 8 weeks, there were significant differences in the changes of SANS, BDI, SSAS between group of abnormal thyroid function and group of normal thyroid function. Compared to group of normal thyroid function, group of abnormal thyroid function showed greater reduction of the scores of SANS(23.3%), BDI (19.6%), and SSAS(16.2%), respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between the scores of SANS, BDI, and SSAS. Conclusion : Our study suggested that abnormal thyroid indices would predict the prognosis of negative symptoms, mood symptoms, and somatic symtpoms in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.3123-3131
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the timing of precocious puberty and the factors inducing precocious puberty in elemental school girls students of low grades. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade 253 elemental girls students from the Goryong province were randomly selected, G and D elemental school. sexual maturation rate was assessed physical examination by the parents. After obtaining an informed consent, a questionnaire was administered to the parents; sexual maturation rate was assessed by self physical examination, eating habits, lifestyle and home background were evaluated to determine the factors that induced precocious puberty. The data were statistically analyzed. We selected 253 girls: The total percentage of the precocious puberty was 26.1%. 7(7.8%) 6-year-old girls, 9 (13.2%) 7-year-old girls, 50 (52.6%) 8-year-old girls were in breast stage 2 and over. The main factors influencing precocious puberty were obesity scale, frequency of eating instant food, TV watching time, stress levels and broken family. A high rating on the obesity scale and high frequency of eating instant food, too much time in front of TV, high stress and broken family indicated advanced stage of puberty. This study show that prevalence ratio of the precocious puberty was 26.1%. The significant influencing factors in advanced puberty were obesity scale and frequency of instant food, TV watching time, high stress and broken family.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2017

The roll damping problem in the design of ships and offshore structures remains a challenge to many researchers due to the fluid viscosity and nonlinearity of the phenomenon itself. In this paper, the study on viscous roll damping of a circular cylinder was carried out using forced oscillations. The roll moment generated by forced oscillation using a torque sensor was measured for each forced oscillation period and compared with the empirical formula. Although the magnitude of the measured torque from the shear force was relatively small, the results were qualitatively similar to those obtained from the empirical formula, and showed good agreement with the quantitative results in some oscillation periods. In addition, the flow around the circular cylinder wall was observed closely through the PIV measurements. Owing to the fluid viscosity, a boundary layer was formed near the wall of the circular cylinder, and a minute wave was generated by periodical forced oscillations at the free surface through the PIV measurement. In this study, the suitability of the empirical formula for the roll moment caused by viscous roll damping was verified by model tests. The wave making phenomenon due to the fluid viscosity around the wall of a circular cylinder was testified by PIV measurements.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.112-120
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of night eating syndrome(NES) in bipolar disorder outpatients. Methods : The 14 items of self-reported night eating questionnaire(NEQ) was administered to 84 bipolar patients in psychiatric outpatient clinic. We examined demographic and clinical characteristics, body mass index(BMI), subjective measures of mood, sleep, binge eating & weight-related quality of life using Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Binge Eating Scale(BES) and Korean version of Obesity-Related Quality of Life Scale(KOQoL), respectively. Results : The prevalence of night eating syndrome in bipolar outpatients was 14.3%(12 of 84). Comparisons between NES group and non-NES group revealed no significant differences in demographic characteristics, BMI and clinical status except economic status and comorbid medical illnesses. However, compared to non-NES, patients with NES was more likely to have binge eating pattern and poorer weight-related quality of life. Conclusions : This study is to be the first to describe the clinical correlates of night eaters in bipolar outpatients. Although there were few significant correlates of NES in bipolar outpatients, relatively high prevalence of NES suggest that clinicians should be aware to assess the patients with bipolar disorder on NES, regardless of obesity status of patients.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.761-776
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• 2003

Numerical models were employed to investigate the hydrodynamics of water flow in the lake behind a dam and the spillway where supercritical flows and negative pressures are likely to occur. In this study, 2-D model, RMA2 was employed to examine the upstream flow pattern and 3-D CFD model, FLUENT was used to evaluate the three-dimensional flow in the approaching region and flow distributions in the spillways and discharge culverts. The bathymetry and the details of structures were carefully taken into consideration in building the models. The results from applying the 2-D model for the planned Hantan River Dam show that large eddies, the velocity of which reaches up to 1 m/s are occurring in several places upstream of the dam. That means that the 2-D numerical model could be utilized to investigate the two-dimensional flow patterns after the construction of a dam. Three-dimensional numerical results show that the approach flow varies depending on stages and discharge conditions, and velocities at spillways, discharge culverts, and sediment flushing tunnels are differently distributed. The velocity distributions obtained from the numerical model and a hydraulic model at the centerline of spillways 100 m upstream of the dam show reasonably similar results. It is expected that 2-D and 3-D numerical models ate useful tools to help optimize the dam design through investigating the flow patterns in the spillway and at the upstream of the dam, which is not always feasible in hydraulic modeling.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2012

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the patterns of Temporomandibular Disorder(TMD) among adolescents (12-19 years) over last ten years. 174 patients who had visited the Oral medicine of Pusan National University Dental Hospital in 2000 and 491 patients in 2008 were found on chart review. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The number of adolescent patients was significantly increased in 2008 than in 2000, especially in male. 2. Bruxing, clenching, holding habits and bad sleep hygiene were highly increased more in 2008 than in 2000. 3. Osteoarthritis was significantly increased in 2008 than in 2000 and anterior disc dislocation without reduction was slightly increased. 4. The ratio of male to female adolescent patients with osteoarthritis was remarkably increased. Among the patients who had holding, bruxing, clenching habits, significantly increased osteoarthritis found to be common. This could imply holding, bruxing, clenching habits are prominently associated with increasing risk of developing osteoarthritis.