• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2005

Complications following a well conducted epidural steroid injection are rare. A 50-year-old man developed a headache and neck stiffness 2 days after a lumbar epidural steroid injection. Under the impression of aseptic meningitis, fluid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy was started immediately after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. The CSF was turbid, and revealed a white blood cell count, protein, glucose and pressure of $550/{\mu}l$ (98% lymphocyte), 107.9 mg/dl, 48 mg/dl (serum 113 mg/dl) and $17cmH_2O$, respectively. The CSF stain and culture, and antibody test and polymerase chain reaction for pathogens were negative. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed no abnormality, and a chest roentgenogram and the results of the neurological examination were normal. Under the impression of aseptic meningitis, the condition was managed conservatively, without antibiotics. Seven days later, the clinical symptoms had improved, and the patient discharged.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we listed common diseases in pediatric inpatients and evaluated the distribution of diseases by period and age group, in order to estimate the epidemiologic trend. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between 1997 and 2008 were included. Demographic characteristics, date of admission, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of patients were indentified. Study period was divided into two; early (1997-2002) and late (2003-2008), and age of patients were grouped into four; infancy, early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence. Results : A total of 33,513 patients were admitted for 12 years. In the list of ICD code, Pneumonia (J12-J18; 21.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by gastroenteritis (A00-A09; 17.8%), bronchiolitis (J21; 11.9%), and so on. Common diseases ranked from 1 to 10 comprised the majority (79.1%) of all the inpatients. There was increase in the number of inpatients with respiratory infectious disease (bronchiolitis, otitis media, and sinusitis), enlarged lymph node, or impetigo/cellulitis, but decrease in the number of inpatients with aseptic meningitis, intussusceptions, measles, or nephritic/nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of diseases also showed age group-specific difference. Conclusion : The distribution of diseases by period and age group was different. The epidemiologic trend should be considered in developing the management of strategy for the Department of Pediatrics.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.323-327
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• 2011

A Jindo dog (8-month-old, intact male) was referred for hind limb lameness on the right side. The dog was diagnosed with a simple femoral fracture by radiological examination. After surgical fixation of the femoral fracture, tramadol: a narcotic-like synthetic analgesic was intravenously administrated for post-operative analgesia. After injection of the tramadol, generalized tonic clonic seizure was immediately occurred in the dog. Seventeen hours later, the dog died despite intensive care. We suspected that tramadol might induce the seizurogenic effect resulted in death. A necropsy was performed to examine the cause of the death. In consequence, the dog was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) based on histopathological examination. We would be concerned that tramadol may be related to seizure activity in the NME patient. From this case, it is known that although tramadol has been proven to be a safe and effective agent for the control of pain in veterinary medicine, it would be carefully used to patient with history of neurological diseases including meningoencephalitis, hydrocephalus, and encephalopathy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.283-283
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• 2020

국가의 논의 타작물 재배 권장 정책과 농한기 수익을 위해서 동절기에도 농사가 가능한 시설농업이 발달했으며, 1990년 초부터 재배면적이 증가하여 2000년에는 10만 ha를 넘어섰고, 2018년에는 80만ha의 규모를 보이고 있다(농사로, 2019). 시설농업단지의 동절기 난방을 위한 에너지원으로 화석연료와 전기열원을 사용하고 있고, 특히 강변의 경우 지하수를 난방 열원으로 사용가능해 수막재배를 이용한 대규모 시설단지가 발달함에 따라 지하수의 이용량이 증가하고, 2015년 농업용 지하수 이용량은 연간 20억 톤에 이른다(GIMS, 2019). 난방이 필요한 동절기에 수막용수를 위한 지하수 이용량이 급증하여 계절적인 수위변화를 보이며, 특히 강변의 대규모 시설농업단지의 지하수의 부족현상이 빈번히 발생하는 실정이다(송성호, 2017). 본 연구지역은 낙동강 하구댐 설치 전만조 시 해수의 유입으로 암반지하수의 심도가 증가할수록 EC가 증가하는 특성을 보이는 곳으로, 지하수의 이용량이 급증하는 동절기에 특히 급격히 증가하여 지하수의 안정적인 수질관리를 위해 염분변화의 관리가 필요한 지역이다. 지하수의 계절적인 변화를 위해 시설농업단지내에 지하수 관측정이 설치되어 관측되고 있으며 본 연구에서는 관측정의 2013년 1월~2019년 1월까지 지하수의 EC변화를 관측하였다. 지하수의 수위(GL.m), 온도, EC를 1시간 주기로 관측하여 계적적인 변화를 분석하였고, EC의 증가가 큰 곳은 심도별로 센서(다중심도)를 설치하여 염도의 변화를 관측하였다. 지하수성분의 지질학적 기원분석을 위한 양음이온 분석을 연 1회 실시하였다. 또한 관측정의 심도별 변화를 알기 위해 동일지역에 충적, 암반 관측정을 따로 설치하고 관측하여 지표수와 지하수의 심도별 영향의 차이를 분석하였다. 동일지역의 관측결과 평균 5m이하의 수위변화를 보이나, 5m 이상의 수위변동을 보이는 관측망은 15년 14개소 17년 19개소로 증가추세를 보이며, 이는 주로 밀집된 시설하우스 단지의 수막재배를 위한 겨울철 지하수 사용량 증가가 원인인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구지역은 강변지역에 밀집된 시설하우스단지의 동절기 수막재배를 위한 지하수 과다 사용으로 수위급감 및 수량부족현상이 반복되고 있어, 예방과 대책강구를 위해 지표수의 함양과 지하수사용량의 상관관계 분석과 자료축적 및 추가연구를 위한 장기관측이 요구된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

Purpose : We undertook this study to improve our understanding of the epidemiologic and clinical features of nonpolioenterovirus (NPEV) infections, especially enterovirus 71 (EV71) infections, in Korean children. Methods : Between April and June 2000, NPEVs were detected by RT-PCR and cultures of specimens obtained from patients with aseptic meningitis, acute respiratory disease, and acute gastroenteritis which were associated with enteroviral exanthem and vesicular pharyngeal enanthem, such as herpangina, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). EV71 was identified by sequencing the VP1 gene. The clinical and epidemiologic data were analyzed retrospectively after all 87 NPEV-positive patients were divided into 4 groups, according to the clinical manifestations. Sixteen patients who mainly had symptoms of acute gastroenteritis were in group A, 21 patients with symptoms and signs of lower respiratory tract infections were in group B, 42 patients with a HFMD rash only were in group C with or without fever, and 8 patients with aseptic meningitis or paralysis were in group D. For the 11 EV71-positive patients, 1 was in group A, 2 were group B, 7 were in group C, and 1 was in group D. Results : There were 87 NPEV infections, including 11 EV71 infections. The mean age of the patients was 2 years and 11 months, ranging from 1 day to 15 years. There were no fatal cases among a total of 87 NPEV infections and no significant differences in clinical severity between the EV71 and other NPEV infections. Conclusion : NPEV infections in children were common during the 3 months in the spring of 2000. Unlike in southeast Asia, where fatal EV71 infection outbreaks have occurred since 1997, the clinical features of EV71 infection in Korean children are mild.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.1050-1056
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• 2013

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia throughout the world. The bacteria invade through lung tissue and cause sepsis, shock, and serious sequelae, including rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. However, the molecular mechanism associated with pneumonia's penetration of lung tissue and invasion of the blood stream are still unclear. We attempted to investigate the host cell response at protein levels to S. pneumoniae D39 invasion using human lung cancer epithelial cells, A549. Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 began to change the morphology of A549 cells to become round with filopodia at 2 hours post-infection. A549 cell proteins obtained at each infection time point were separated by SDS-PAGE and analyzed using MALDI-TOF. We identified several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins such as Grp94 and Grp78 and mitochondrial proteins such as ATP synthase and Hsp60 that increased after S. pneumoniae D39 infection. Cytosolic Hsc70 and Hsp90 were, however, identified to decrease. These proteins were also confirmed by Western blot analysis. The identified ER resident proteins were known to be induced during ER stress signaling. These/ data, therefore, suggest that S. pneumoniae D39 infection may induce ER stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2014

Invasive infection of the Streptococcus bovis group in a neonate is rare. In cases reported to date, the pathogen of neonatal S. bovis infections is usually Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (S. bovis biotype II/2). Streptococcus lutetiensis (S. bovis biotype II/1) was identified using 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequence analysis of the isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a fever-presenting 28-day-old male. Blood culture analysis was performed using automatic equipment (VITEK 2) and identified Streptococcus infantarius supsp. infantarius, yet we were unable to get accurate results from the CSF culture. The fever subsided on the second day of hospitalization, and the patient was discharged without neurologic complication after 14 days of antibiotic therapy. In this case, we were able to accurately identify the pathogen using molecular genetic methods. To our knowledge, this is the first case of late onset neonatal bacteremia and meningitis caused by S. lutetiensis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 1996

Aseptic meningitis, the most common infection of the central nervous system, is an acute illness mostly caused by enteroviruses. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) has been used for the detection of enteroviral RNA but the detection has been mostly performed in a single CSF specimen obtained during the illness. A major objective was to evaluate the relation of sampling time to the recovery of enteroviral RNA in CSF. Thirty seven CSF specimens were obtained from 24 patients between May and August 1993, when an outbreak of asceptic meningitis by echovirus type 9 occurred. Enteroviral RNA in CSF was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Data about onset of symptom development were obtained by review of medical records. Enteroviral RNA was detected by PCR in 29 of 37 CSF specimens. PCR yielded positive results in 4 of 5 CSF specimens obtained on day 1 to 3, 10 of 11 on day 4 to 6, 8 of 10 on day 7 to 9, 6 of 8 on day 10 to 12, 1 of 3 on day 13 to 15 postonset. Of 11 patients from each of whom more than one CSF were obtained on different day postonset, PCR yielded positive resutls in 2 of 3 cases in whom enteroviral RNA detection was negative in the first CSF. These results indicate that two or more CSF specimens obtained within 12 days postonset are required for improving the accuracy of the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2002

Poliovirus is a member of enterovirus which causes paralytic poliomyelitis, encephalitis and aseptic meningitis. Since poliovirus is spread by the fecal-oral route and poliovirus-contaminated water could be a potential threat for public health, detection of poliovirus in drinking water resource is important. Infectious poliovirus and poliovirus inactivated by heat or UV were used to test three detection methods such as cell culture method, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and integrated cell culture (ICC)-PCR. Infectious poliovirus was detected by all three methods and ICC-PCR was the most sensitive and fast in detecting poliovirus. Inactivated polioviruses could not be detected by cell culture or ICC-PCR methods. On the other hand, heat- inactivated viruses could be detected by RT-PCR. Thus it is suggested that ICC-PCR method is the most sensitive and effective in detecting infectious polioviruses in water sample.