• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 1999

This study was conducted to compare seasonal changes of height, diameter at root collar, biomass and chlorophyll contents of Abies holophylla seedlings grown in Sangju National University Nursery under different light intensities. Four light intensities were adopted using nylon net such as 100% sunlight(1800 $\mu$㏖ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ), 75% of sunlight (1350 $\mu$㏖ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ), 50% of sunlight (900 $\mu$㏖ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ) and 25% of sunlight (450 $\mu$㏖ m$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ ). Planting density in four light intensities was 30 cm$\times$30 cm. In each treatment, 100 trees were planted and height, diameter at root collar, biomass and chlorophyll contents were measured. The highest height, diameter at root collar and biomass in Abies holophylla seedlings were observed at 100% full sunlight. Lowest chlorophyll contents (Chlorophyll a, b and total) were shown at 25% of sunlight, lowest light intensity treatment in this study. Growths and chlorophyll contents of Abies holophylla seedlings were strongly associated with light intensity. Photosynthesis has to be investigated in near future because photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents were strongly related to tree growth with long periods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.30-41
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• 1976

The workers involved in breeding the growth of forest trees as well as in the efficiency of breeding work wish to find out the evidence that juvenile-mature correlations are high and that therefore early tests can be profitably employed in relation work. Juvenile-mature correlation denotes in general sense the interdependence between qualitative or quantitative data collected at different intervals during the life cycle. The correlation can also be obtained through the stem analysis if there is the possibility of cutting sample trees needed amount. In the present study, the juvenile-mature correlation coefficients are calculated from the stem analysis data. The every possible values of correlation coefficient between the 5-year age groups as to diameter, height, and volume growth of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. and Larix leptolepis Gord. grown in the middle district of Korea were calculated. All the sample trees were cut from the man made plantation. The correlation coefficients are presented in tables and figures. In Pinus koraiensis S. et Z., the values of correlation coefficient between the successive age groups of heights growth are lower in general than those values pertaining to diameter growth. This tendencies are indifferent to site quality. In Larix leptolepis Gord., the values were lower thant these of Pinus koraiensis S.etZ. In any species and characteristics studied, the implications that at least 15 years growth character are related to 35 or 40 years size with reliability could be deduced. Through the relative ranking studies of diameter, height and volume growth of Larix leptolepis Gord., the large varieties among individual trees are appeared during 5-year to 35 year old.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.676-680
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• 2009

The study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of growth and fruiting in chestnut trees by SCB (Slurry Compostion and Biofilteration) liquid fertilizer instead of Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was done between April, 2008 and September, 2009, using seven years old grafting trees 'Tsukuba'. Fertilizer treatment was designed as follows; SCB liquid fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizers and no fertilized. Results were as follows; In the 2nd year, height and basal diameter gain of 8.04% and 25.90% over than the 1st year by SCB liquid fertilizer. The number of burrs per bearing mother branch showed no significant increment by SCB liquid fertilizer but fruiting rate was higher than other treatments. These results indicated that the SCB liquid fertilizer has a value of new eco-friendly fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 1983

The structures of oak stands were studied in relation to their productivity. Three plots classified by the site quality following to altitude, were selected on the oak stand located at Naryongri Eunsanmyun Buyeogun. The site qualities of the stand studied were generally estimated to be moderate in respect to some soil physical and chemical properties. Quercus variabilis was dominant species in the vegetation composition of the stand studied. The crown densities of the stand were varied from 65.4% in plot I to 78.2% in plot III and the parts, occupied with oak trees, ranged from 44.4% in plot I to 65.9% in plot III in the density. In the contrast to crown density, the growing stocks of oak trees ranged from $3.937m^3$ in plot I (73.4% of plot total) to $2.075m^3$ in plot III (84.3% of plot total). The occupied ratios, measured by crown class, exhibited dissimilarity between crown projection area and volume, and also the ratios brought into different patterns by plot. Highly significant correlations were proved between crown projection areas and volumes of individual oak trees by plot, but not proved in the relations by crown class. The cumulative growth, current annual increment and mean annual increment displayed various patterns by plot and by crown class in the heights, D. B. H. s and volumes of oak trees. The maximum values of current annual increment of height were generally recorded in 10 to 20 years, earlier than those of D. B. H. The mean annual increment of height, D. B. H. and volume maintained similar levels after about 10 years and fluctuated irregularly. The crown projection area and volume following to thinning decreased in the order of the thinning methods of grade A < grade B < crown thinning$90m^3/ha$ in about 40 years in the productivity of volume of the oak stand studied.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2009

The growth characteristics of Pinus thunbergii windbreak forest around Goosipo Beach, Sangha-Myon, Gochang-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do have been investigated, and the results are summarized as follows. The soil in the site was light acid sand with pH 5.7, and the mean sodium concentration of soils was 1.42dS/m. The tree diameter, height, crown width, and shape ratio(Height/DBH) were better with tree density was coming lower. Especially, the rate of shape ratio under 60 was more in sites with low tree density. This demonstrated that the trees have grown more soundly when the tree density was lower. The direction of main winds and distribution ratio of tree inclination had a correlation. The inclined trees are seemed to be influenced by main winds when they were younger and by Typhoon partly. Eighty one vascular plant species were found in the sites, and more number of herbaceous plants (57 taxa) lived there than woody plants (24 taxa). And more plant species of dune were found at the site where dune have developed well. Some thinning works need at high tree density areas in order to ensure effects of coastal windbreak.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

The objective of this research is to develop biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis. To develop the biomass allometric equation by species and tree component, data for Pinus densiflora in central region is collected to 30 plots (70 trees) and for Quercus variabilis is collected to 15 plots (32 trees). This study is used two independent values; (1) one based on diameter beast height, (2) the other, diameter beast height and height. And the equation forms were divided into exponential, logarithmic, and quadratic functions. The validation of biomass allometric equations were fitness index, standard error of estimate, and bias. From these methods, the most appropriate equations in estimating total tree biomass for each species are as follows: $W=aD^b$, $W=aD^bH^c$; fitness index were 0.937, 0.943 for Pinus densiflora in central region stands, and $W=a+bD+cD^2$, $W=aD^bH^c$; fitness index were 0.865, 0.874 for Quercus variabilis stands. in addition, the best performance of biomass allometric equation for Pinus densiflora in central region is $W=aD^b$, and Quercus variabilis is $W=a+bD+cD^2$. The results of this study could be useful to overcome the disadvantage of existing the biomass allometric equation and calculate reliable carbon stocks for Pinus densiflora in central region and Quercus variabilis in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of local climatic conditions on the early growth of Korean white pine progeny test stands. For this, stand variables such as mean DBH, mean height, basal area per hectare, and volume per hectare by stand age and locality were first measured and summarized for each stand. Based on these statistics, annual increments for 10 years from stand age 10 to 20 were calculated for each of stand variables. The effects of local climatic conditions as one of environmental factors on the growth were then analyzed by both a topoclimatological method and a spatial statistical technique. From yearly climatic estimates,30 climatic indices which affect the tree growth were computed for each of the progeny test stand. The annual increments were then correlated with and regressed on the climatic indices to examine effects of local climatic conditions on the growth. Gapyung area provided the best conditions for the early growth of Korean white pine and Kwangju area ranked second. On the other hand, the growth pattern in Youngdong ranked last overall as expected. It is also found that the local growth patterns of Korean white pine in juvenile stage were affected by typical weather conditions. The conditions such as low temperature and high relative humidity provide favor environment for the early growth of Korean white pine. Especially, it was concluded that the low temperature is a main factor influencing the early growth of Korean white pine based on the results of correlation analysis and regression equations developed far the prediction of annual increments of stand variables.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop allometric equations for identifying the amount of wood and building biomass statistics of L. tulipifera by density, biomass expansion factors and root ratio. For this purpose, total of 40 trees were sampled, which were used consideration the area and the DBH class. As a results, the wood density was $0.43g{\cdot}cm^{-3}$, biomass expansion factors were 1.2, root ratio was 0.2 and uncertainty were 3.9%, 4.6%, 24.1%, respectively. Allometric equations for above ground of L. tulipifera trees were $W=0.060D^{2.524}$. Total and underground allometric equations were $W=0.063D^{2.578}$, $W=0.010D^{2.591}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2018

Three natural Pinus thunbergii stands in southern Korea were studied to investigate stem density, biomass expansion factors, allometric equations and stand biomass. Stand ages of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 15, 29 and 45 years old, respectively. Three $10m{\times}10m$ plots were set up, five sample trees were cut and roots of three sample trees were excavated for dimension analysis in each stand. Stem density of stand 1, 2 and 3 were $0.450g/cm^3$, $0.440/cm^3$ and $0.457g/cm^3$, respectively, and there was no significant difference among the three stands. Biomass expansion factors of above-ground and total tree decreased with increasing stand age. Above-ground biomass expansion factor of stand 1 was significantly higher than those of stand 2 and 3, and total tree biomass expansion factor of stand 1 was significantly higher than that of stand 3. Allometric equations were developed for the 15 sample trees of the three stands based on D or $D^2H$. Above-ground biomass of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 50.72t/ha, 89.92t/ha, 194.07t/ha, respectively, and total tree biomass of stand 1, 2 and 3 were 61.62t/ha, 113.12t/ha, 248.36t/ha, respetively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-43
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• 2007

Distribution area, actual vegetation map, standing crop biomass, relative growth, and primary productivity of Salix spp.were investigated to provide the basic data necessary for conservation and ecotechnological application of Salix community in the Upo wetland, Changryeong County, Gyeongsangnamdo Province, Korea from April 2005 to April 2006. 1. Among seven Salix species, the dominant species was S. nipponica and S. glandulosa was subdominant. There were six kinds of Salix communities such as S. nipponica, S. glandulosa, S. koreensis, S. nipponica-S. glandulosa, S. glandulosa-S. nipponica, and S. nipponica-S. koreensis. 2. Distribution area of S. nipponica community was largest as 28.46 ha among Salix communities and those of S. nipponica-S. glandulosa community, S. glandulosa-S. nipponica community, S. nipponica-S. koreensis community, S. glandulosa community, and S. koreensis community were 6.12 ha, 6.12 ha, 2.92 ha, 1.86 ha, and 0.81 ha, respectively. 3. The tree age, tree height, and DBH of S. nipponica were 5~13year, 4.1~7.2 m, and 3.0~14.0 cm and those of S. glandulosa were 2~36year, 3.5~10.1 m, and 3.2~26.0 cm, respectively. 4. The standing crop of S. nipponica was 408 ton and that of S. glandulosa was 336 ton in the study area. 5. The productivity of S. nipponica was $235g\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and the annual production was 86.4 ton, and those of S. glandulosa were $1,006g\;m^{-2}yr^{-1}$ and 80.3 ton in the study area.