• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-105
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• 2005

This study explored a mathematical modeling flow and the effect of interactions among students and between a student and Excel on modeling in a small group modeling environment with Excel. This is a case study of three 8th graders' modeling activity using Excel during their extra lessons. The conclusions drawn from this study are as follows: First, small group modeling using Excel was formed by formulating 4∼10 modeling cycles in each task. Students mainly formed tables and graphs and refined and simplified these models. Second, students mainly formed tables, algebraic formulas and graphs and refined tables considering each variable in detail by obtaining new data with inserting rows. In tables, students mainly explored many expected cases by changing the values of the parameters. In Graphs, students mainly identified a solution or confirmed the solution founded in a table. Meanwhile, students sometimes constructed graphs without a purpose and explored the problem situations by graphs mainly as related with searching a solution, identifying solutions that are found in the tables. Thus, the teacher's intervention is needed to help students use diverse representations properly in problem situations and explore floatingly and interactively using multi-representations that are connected numerically, symbolically and graphically. Sometimes students also perform unnecessary activities in producing data by dragging, searching a solution by 'trial and error' and exploring 'what if' modeling. It is considered that these unnecessary activities were caused by over-reliance on the Excel environment. Thus, the teacher's intervention is needed to complement the Excel environment and the paper-and-pencil environment properly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between the frequency of consumption of sports drinks and energy drinks and aerobic physical activity in the 6-29 year old group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sociodemographic characteristics, aerobic physical activity, and beverage intake of the subjects were calculated using composite sample descriptive statistics, and the mean difference between groups was analyzed by cross-tabulation, χ²-test, and binary logistic regression analysis. High-intensity aerobic activity was analyzed as an increase in the intake frequency of sports drinks(ionic drinks, vitamin drinks) and energy drinks(high-caffeine drinks) (p<0.05). Compared to moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, high-intensity aerobic physical activity was analyzed as a factor influencing the increase in beverage intake frequency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and beverage consumption, which is a critical issue for promoting health both now and in the future, and to developed an intervention program based on the findings. Through this study, we aimed to gather basic data that can help people live healthy lives, and raise both individual and societal awareness of the importance of making better beverage choices.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the argumentations were affected by the students' characteristics in the small groups. The level of self-concept and science related attitude were examined to the eleventh grade high school students in Daejeon city, and the twelve students were participated for this study. The participants were divided into homogeneous groups and heterogeneous groups. The argumentations under the condition of the interpretations about the experimental results in each small group were recorded by VCR. The recorded data were transcribed, then argumentation levels from transcripts in each small group were analyzed through Mitchell's parameters of argumentation. The results of this study were that the group which had higher level of both self-concept and science related attitudes achieved higher level of argumentation. Therefore, it is necessary for teachers to induce students to ask questions and present activities appropriately in order for those who have low self concept and science related attitudes to participate in argumentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2003

영재교육 프로그램 개발의 핵심적인 부분은 영재들에게 적절한 교육과정이며, 대표적인 영재교육과정모형으로 삼부심화학습모형(Enrichment Triad Model: ETM), 학교단위 심화학습모형(Schoolwide Enrichment Model： SEM), 자기주도적 학습모형 (Self-Directed Learning Model), 퍼듀 3단계 심화학습 모형(Purdue Three-Stage Enrichment Model) 등이 있다. 이들 모형에 대한 적용 연구가 일부 초등학교냐 중학교의 시범적인 속진 및 심화 프로그램 실시로 적용된 바는 있으나 정규 교육과정에서는 실시될 기회가 없었다. 국내에서도 2002년 영재교육법 시행령 적용 이후 과학영재학교가 지정되어 운영되고 있기에, 영재교육을 위한 모형을 정규 교육과정 및 교수-학습 과정에 적용하고 그 효과를 밝히는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 삼부심화학습모형을 적용하기 위한 구체적인 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하고, 이를 과학영재학교 물리수업에 적용하여 그 과정과 학생들의 인식을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 과학영재고등학교 1학년 72명이며 검사결과 지능지수, 추리력, 수리력, 지각력 면에서 매우 우수한 집단으로 나타났다. 삼부심화학습모형을 실시한 기간은, 1단계 활동을 2주간 실시하였고, 2단계 활동은 4개월간 진행하고 있으며, 3단계 활동은 겨울방학을 이용하여 실시할 계획이다. 삼부심화학습모형에 의하면 1단계는‘일반 탐색 활동을 통한 심화 학습’단계로 정규 교육과정 속에 포함되어 있지 않은 새롭고, 흥미로운 주제나 지식 영역들에 학생들이 접할 수 있도록 설계된 일반적 탐구 혹은 탐색 경험들을 제공하는 것으로 구성된다. 점수를 종속변인으로 하여 회귀분석을 한 결과 TTCT 도형과 언어 검사 모두 WAIS 소검사중의 기본지식문제가 TTCT 전체점수에 가장 높은 영향력을 미쳤다. 지능이 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹에 대해 WAIS 11개 소검사와 TTCT 전체점수와의 상관을 구한 결과, 지능이 높은 그룹에서는 유의미한 상관을 의미는 소검사가 거의 없었던 것과는 달리, 지능이 낮은 그룹에서는 결정성지능을 대표하는 소 검사와 TTCT 도형검사 점수간의 상관이 유의미하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 TTCT는 도형과 언어 검사 모두 유동성지능 보다는 결정성지능과 상관이 있음을 알 수 있는데, 이는 창의력 검사가 문제 해결 상황에 기존의 지식을 이용하는 능력을 측정하고 있기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 지능이 낮은 그룹에서 높은 그룹에 비해 창의력 검사와 지능 검사 사이의 상관의 정도가 높았는데, 이는 일정 수준까지는 창의적 능력이 결정성 지능에 의해 제한을 받으나 일정 수준 이상의 결정성 지능을 갖게 되면 더 이상 결정성 지능이 창의적 능력을 제한하지 않기 때문인 것으로 해석된다.circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.8
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• pp.179-188
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• 1999

필자들은 제37회 교육자료전시회(1997)와 제38회 교육자료전시회(1998)에 작품을 출품하였다. 이들 교육자료전시회에 참가하게 된 동기는 다음과 같다. 입문기 아동의 수학교육은 학습내용에 대한 흥미를 가지도록 해야 하며 구체적인 조작활동을 통하여 수량에 대한 기초적인 개념과 원리, 그리고 법칙을 바르게 이해시켜 논리적 사고력을 기르도록 해야 한다. 그러나 대부분의 아동들을 목표수준에서 보면 만족스럽지 못하고, 시간이 지날수록 학습결손아가 늘고 있는 현실이다. 특히 오름길 학습지를 해결할 때는 우수한 아동에게도 조작활동을 시켜보면 뜻밖에 조작 활동을 제대로 못하고 당황하는 경우를 흔히 볼 수 있다. 이것은 개념 형성과 개인간의 차에 관심을 둔 지도가 이루어지지 않은 상태에서, 자기능력과 수준에 맞는 학습을 하지 못하고 다음 단계로 넘어가기 때문이라 판단하였다. 이에 필자들은 교과서에 예시한 활동이나 그림 자료들을 실제로 관찰하고 조작해 볼 수 있도록 구체적인 자료로 대체하여, 수학에서 요구하는 학습지도 원리에 적합하도록 하였다. 또 교실 수업에서 야기되는 개인차에 대한 학습지도상의 문제점을 해결하는 한편, 급우간 인간관계에 바탕을 둔 소그룹 협동 학습을 위한 자료로 수와 가감산의 원리를 쉽게 체득 시킬 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.381-391
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• 2016

This study analyzed the reporting activities of journalists who covered MERS-CoV in 2015. Twenty-one reporters were interviewed to investigate their differences in reporting. They were categorized into four small groups based on their specialism and professionalism. Some specialist reporters answered that they acknowledged the first MERS patient through an external source. A few special reporters contacted foreign experts for further information and one of them answered that she read academic articles on MERS to verify governmental announcements. Specialist reporter groups and the other groups showed difference when they were asked the situation they felt something was going wrong in governmental communication: Many specialist reporters pointed out the outbreak of a patient from out of the monitoring people, but many general reporters emphasized the policy of the government not to reveal the name of hospitals that the outbreaks happened.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.843-855
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to understand the substance of the reflective inquiry of students and obtain educational suggestion to the inquiry class for the promotion of the reflective inquiry, by checking out which characteristics the reflective inquiry showed according to the modes of interaction of small group in highschool earth science inquiry class. The result of study is shown as follows. At the stage of developmentand conclusion, the reflective inquiry relating the task context to data context was often appeared on the group of the modes of comfort interaction, but it was very rare on the group of modes of confrontation interaction. And the reflective inquiry scale value of the latter was two times lower than the former, The comfort group showed much more reflective inquiry statements quantitatively and performed much more meaningful reflective inquiry relating the task context to the data context. The heterogeneous group in the inquiry ability and the cognitive style showed confrontation interaction modes in the affective domain, having the most negative influence on the reflective inquiry. The homogeneous group both in the cognitive style and the inquiry ability showed the comfort interaction mode, having positive int1uence on the reflective inquiry.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.611-620
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• 2020

The purpose of the study is to find creativity factors of students in the process of small group modeling and relate them to the types of interactions among students. In order to capture students' detailed interactions, this study was conducted as an 'essential case study' through qualitative analysis. We have developed the modules of nine lessons about terraforming, and they were used in an actual classroom. In order to understand the creativity of the students in the process of modeling, students' discourses and interview data were analyzed using 19 creative factors or abilities. The findings are as follows. Frequently found creativity factors are Elaboration, Evaluation, Visualization, Resist premature closer, Originality, Analysis and Concentration. And students' interactions that affect students' creativity in the process of modeling can be classified into four categories: Suggestion, Agreement, Questioning, Refutation, and Conversion. Through each interaction, students demonstrated the process of expressing and modifying their own thoughts and ideas in the modeling process. The findings of the study suggest that it is important to the teachers to understand types of interactions among students and the relationship between the types of interaction and creativity factors for students' creative modeling in modeling-based learning.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.403-419
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• 2004

The perspective on this study assumes that the mathematical modeling activity provides students with the environment which promotes metacognitive thinking. The purposes of this paper are to investigate metacognitive thinking on the mathematical modeling with the result of case study. The study revealed that development of students' model was accompanied with the control and monitoring of modeling activities. Also students refined the model by self-assessment and peer-assessment in small group modeling activities and developed generalizable model.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1186-1192
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of either aerobic exercise or polyphenols supplementation on mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-induced obese mice. In the study, mice were divided into five groups: (1) NC (normal diet for 16 weeks as a control, n=10), (2) HC (high fat diet for 16 weeks as a control, n=10), (3) H-Re (high fat diet with resveratrol 25 mg/kg supplementation for 16 weeks, n=10), (4) H-Ch (high fat diet with chrysin 50 mg/kg supplementation for 16 weeks, n=10), and (5) HE (high fat diet with aerobic exercise for 16 weeks, n=10). Aerobic exercise was performed on a treadmill for 40~60 min/day at 10~14 m/min, 0% grade, four days/week for 16 weeks. Endoplasmic reticulum stress related genes were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. ATF6, PERK, $IRE1{\alpha}$, and BIP/GRP78 mRNA were significantly decreased in HE compared with those in HC (p<0.05). Also, ATF6, $IRE1{\alpha}$, and BIP/GRP78 mRNA were significantly decreased in H-Re compared with those in HC (p<0.05). ATF6 mRNA was significantly decreased in H-Ch compared with that in HC (p<0.05). These findings suggest that aerobic exercise, resveratrol, and chrysin supplementation changed ER stress markers. However, aerobic exercise was most effective on ameliorating the high fat diet induced ER stress markers. Thus, it seems that aerobic exercise might have a more positive effect on skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum stress compared with polyphenol supplementation in high fat diet-induced obese mice.