• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.157-165
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a distributed model that recognize ADLs of human can be occurred in daily living places. We collect and analyze user's environmental, location or activity information by simple sensor attached home devices or utensils. Based on these information, we provide a lifecare services by inferring the user's life pattern and health condition. But in order to provide a lifecare services well-refined activity recognition data are required and without enough inferred information it is very hard to build an ADL activity recognition model for high-level situation awareness. The sequence that generated by sensors are very helpful to infer the activities so we utilize the sequence to analyze an activity pattern and propose a distributed linear time inference algorithm. This algorithm is appropriate to recognize activities in small area like home, office or hospital. For performance evaluation, we test with an open data from MIT Media Lab and the recognition result shows over 75% accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the air infections in middle and small hospitals with the facilities of large national hospitals that have air-borne infection isolation (AII) wards through actual condition investigation and airflow analysis simulation (CFD) and to provide basic data for prevention. The method and scope of the study are as follows. First, through literature review, data related to prevention of infection spread in domestic medical institutions were investigated. Second, we conducted a survey on the status of isolation facilities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in large hospitals and small and medium - sized clinics in Korea. Third, airflow analysis simulation (CFD) was carried out using the isolation ward of the nationally designated inpatient ward and the data of the plane and facility system of the small clinic. As a result of the study, it is found that regulations applicable to small and medium-sized clinics are insufficient. In addition, the simulation results show that the infectious disease virus is likely to spread to other patients in the hospital.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1083-1089
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• 2008

We investigated the molecular epidemiological characteristic of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from stool samples in Busan from 2004 to 2006. Among 142 isolates of S. aureus, 49 isolates (34.5%) were confirmed as MRSA. With the antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 37 isolates (75.5%) showed multiple resistance to more than 10 antibiotics, but all isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. All of MRSA had enterotoxin A in 30.6%, B 4.1%, C 8.3%, D, C/G, A 2.0% and None 51%. PFGE of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA was performed on 49 sporadic MRSA isolates. Restriction fragment patterns consisted of 8 to 14 fragments ranged in size from 48.5 to 630.5 kbp. We could divided the isolates into 7 groups ($I{\sim}VII$) by analyzing PFGE patterns. Group I subdivided as 2 subgroups and 17 (34.7%) strains belong to the group I. Dendrogram of PFGE patterns showed that MRSA strains in Busan were heterogeneous but we could find out minor homogeneity in hospital.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

$[^{11}C]PIB$ synthesis has been performed by a loop-methylation and HPLC purification in our lab. However, this method is time-consuming and requires complicated systems. Thus, we developed an on-cartridge method which simplified the synthetic procedure and reduced time greatly by removing HPLC purification step. We compared 6 different cartridges and evaluated the $[^{11}C]PIB$ production yields and specific activities. $[^{11}C]MeOTf$ was synthesized by using TRACERlab FXC Pro and was transferred into the cartridge by blowing with helium gas for 3 min. To remove byproducts and impurities, cartridges were washed out by 20 mL of 30% EtOH in 0.5 M $NaH_2PO_4$ solution (pH 5.1) and 10 mL of distilled water. And then, $[^{11}C]PIB$ was eluted by 5 mL of 30% EtOH in 0.5 M $NaH_2PO_4$ into the collecting vial containing 10 mL saline. Among the 6 cartridges, only tC18 environmental cartridge could remove impurities and byproducts from $[^{11}C]PIB$ completely and showed higher specific activity than traditional HPLC purification method. This method took only 8 ~ 9 min from methylation to formulation. For the tC18 environmental cartridge and conventional HPLC loop methods, the radiochemical yields were $12.3{\pm}2.2%$ and $13.9{\pm}4.4%$, respectively, and the molar activities were $420.6{\pm}20.4GBq/{\mu}mol$ (n=3) and $78.7{\pm}39.7GBq/{\mu}mol$ (n=41), respectively. We successfully developed a facile on-cartridge methylation method for $[^{11}C]PIB$ synthesis which enabled the procedure more simple and rapid, and showed higher molar radio-activity than HPLC purification method.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2014

This study was conducted to survey the epidemiological characteristics and the isolated strains for pathogenic E. coli which was the major causative organisms for food poisoning occurred at school food services in the Gyeonggi-do area during the past three years. We investigated 19 accidents of food-borne disease outbreaks by pathogenic E. coli at school food services from 2010 to 2012. Food-borne disease outbreaks by pathogenic E. coli were usually occurred at direct management type (18 accidents, 95%) and high schools. For the seasonal factors, 13 accidents (65%) were occurred in June to September, especially the end of August and September after the summer holidays. The first patients were occurred on Wednesday (7 accidents, 37%) and Thursday (7 accidents, 37%), and they were mainly reported on Thursday (7 accidents, 37%) and Friday (5 accidents, 26%). The exposure of risk was estimated in Monday (4 accidents, 21%), Tuesday (7 accidents, 37%) and Wednesday (4 accidents, 21%), and kimchi (5 accidents, 50%) was estimated as the food of the high risk responsible for the outbreaks. 98 isolates of pathogenic E. coli consisted of PEC (50%), ETEC (34%), EAEC (15%), and EHEC (1%). The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic E. coli showed in the descending order of ampicilline (40%), nalidixic acid (37%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (24%), and tetracycline (19%). The antibiotics of second and third generation cephalosporins, cabarpenem, aminoglycosides, and second generation quinolones had antimicrobial susceptibilities and cefalotin, ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol showed medium resistance at 29%, 25%, and 6% respectively, and 70% of isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. By the PFGE analysis, they were classified into nine major groups and 31 profiles with 57% pattern similarity. It was very difficult to find the correlation of antimicrobial susceptibilities and genotype in the small scale-food poisoning, but the similarity of antimicrobial resistance and PFGE patterns in the large scale-food poisoning enabled the outbreaks to estimate the same pathotype of E. coli derived from identical origins.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-257
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• 2015

The purposes of this study were to develop a small scale post-harvest facility, and consequently to evaluate the effects of applying the facility along with hygiene education on the level of microbial safety in Korean leeks production. A total of 135 samples were collected at three Korean leeks farms in Yangju, Gyeonggi province. Food safety indicators (Aerobic plate count (APC), coliform count, and Escherichia coli) and foodborne pathogens (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus) on/in the samples were assessed. The microbial load measured as APC with harvesting tools such as comb, chopping board, and knife, at the farms where the small scale post-harvest facility had been operated (Farms A and B) was lower than that at another farm having no post-harvest facility (Farm C) by 1.44~2.33 log CFU / $100cm^2$. Moreover, the chopping board from Farm C was observed being contaminated with B. cereus at 6.03 log CFU / $100cm^2$. The coliform counts from the samples increased by 0.57~1.89 log CFU/g after leeks was submerged in ground water for washing. E. coli was recovered from leeks, soil, and the ground water used in the washing process, while no E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes was detected. Our results indicated that the small scale post-harvest facility developed in this study as well as the hygiene education played an important role in enhancing the level of microbial food safety in the leeks production environment. However, a disinfection technique could be needed during the washing step in order to prevent a potential contamination.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.188-202
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• 2022

In the insect industry, as the scope of application of insects is expanded from pet insects and natural enemies to feed, edible and medicinal insects, the demand for quality control of insect raw materials is increasing, and interest in securing the safety of insect products is increasing. In the process of expanding the industrial scale, controlling the temperature and humidity and air quality in the insect breeding room and preventing the spread of pathogens and other pollutants are important success factors. It requires a controlled environment under the operating system. European commercial insect breeding facilities have attracted considerable investor interest, and insect companies are building large-scale production facilities, which became possible after the EU approved the use of insect protein as feedstock for fish farming in July 2017. Other fields, such as food and medicine, have also accelerated the application of cutting-edge technology. In the future, the global insect industry will purchase eggs or small larvae from suppliers and a system that focuses on the larval fattening, i.e., production raw material, until the insects mature, and a system that handles the entire production process from egg laying, harvesting, and initial pre-treatment of larvae., increasingly subdivided into large-scale production systems that cover all stages of insect larvae production and further processing steps such as milling, fat removal and protein or fat fractionation. In Korea, research and development of insect smart factory farms using artificial intelligence and ICT is accelerating, so insects can be used as carbon-free materials in secondary industries such as natural plastics or natural molding materials as well as existing feed and food. A Korean-style customized breeding system for shortening the breeding period or enhancing functionality is expected to be developed soon.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.126-140
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• 2001

The influence of small urban parks(green ratio is 100%) on the temperature pattern over the urban and its surrounding area was examined by analyzing the case of in and around Changkyeong palace, Changdeok plalace and Jongmyo, Jongro-gu, Seoul. The pattern of temperature over urban parks and their surrounding built-up area was analyzed from September to November 2000, measuring maximum and minimum temperatures with fixed sensors(maximum and minimum thermometer)and real-time temperature depends largely on both the land-use type and the distance from the park border. In the case of maximum temperature, the lowest value appeared on the green area within parks and the highest value on the built-up area far from the green area. The maximum temperature difference between parks and built-up areas was up to $7.3^{\circ}C$. In the built-up area, the maximum temperature of commercial areas was higher than residential areas. In the night time, not only land-use type but also topography is important for the spatial distributlon of temperature because of the cold airflow from adjacet hills. The horizontal temperature profile by mobile measurement is also related to land-use type and to the distance from the park borders. There is a magnitude of $1^{\circ}C$ temperture difference over a distance of 200m and $3~4^{\circ}C$ over a distance of 400m from the park borders.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.1 s.60
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• pp.29-32
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• 2007

We investigated new ingredients with real efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo all together. Especially we focused on the real improving effort in the clinical experiments. Because most products containing effective materials evaluated in vitro failed to show a real improving effect in the human with acne. We evaluated the well-known ingredients in a small scale clinical experiment with half-finished goods containing each ingredient. Among these products, product formulating SeleMix AN composed with germinating soy bean and magnolias bark extract remarkably improved acne and acne scar. Moreover skin redness caused by severe acne was improved. There was statistical significance between placebo and sample. Two hundred volunteers participated in our pilot study with written informed consent. After then we performed in vitro efficacy test this ingredient. SeleMix AN inhibited the growth of propionibacterium acnes at a concentration of 0.0125% and suppressed histamine release by 16.9%. Moreover human fibroblast cell activity was increased by 57% compared to control. Lastly, we performed a clinical study. Consisting of groups of 23 volunteers. Although the period of the test was in summer accelerating sebum secretion and recurring a high tate of acne, inflammation lesions were especially improved after applying product containing SeleMix AN for 4 weeks.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.35-42
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• 2016

This study investigated development method of governance of local residence, central and local government based on fishing ports as a new paradigm for restoration of sustainable space environment on Hyeonpo Harbor in Ulleung Island. According to the result of conducting a questionnaire survey on residents of Ulleung Island in order to carry out the research purposes, vulnerable living environment as poor accessibility and lack of hospital, community health center, and shopping district were pointed out as the biggest problem of residential environment in Ulleung Island of today. Secondly, there was a high recognition that development project on Ulleung Island of the government and local government is not actually contributing to the revitalization of regional economy and improvement in quality of life of Ulleung Island residents, and thirdly, lack of understanding on the importance or usage of various resources in Ulleung Island and insufficient support of the central government and local autonomous entity were pointed out as the bottleneck factors in implementation of the Ulleung Island development project. Fourthly, they perceived the current management level of Hyeonpo Harbor to be unsatisfactory. The results of this study demonstrated the importance of durability of development entities, vision of development of Hyeonpo Harbor, effort for the change of ownership mind, phased implementation considering reality of the area, and development that can provide small-scale profitable contents than a large theme.