• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

배경 및 목적 암-연관 섬유아세포(Cancer-associated fibroblasts, CAF)는 종양미세환경의 가장 중요한 요소의 하나다. 그래서 두경부편평세포암에 대해 CAF가 암세포의 운동성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고, CAF에 과발현되는 CD44의 역할에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 두경부암환자의 종양조직에서 CAF를 분리하고, 비종양성 조직으로부터 정상 섬유아세포(NHF)를 분리하였다. 창상치유분석과 상하 챔버를 이용한 3차원 세포 이동 분석을 이용하여, CAF가 암세포의 이동에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, CAF에서 과발현되는 CD44를 중화항체로 CAF를 차단했을 때 암세포 이동의 변화를 관찰하였다. 결과 NHF에 비해 CAF에서 CD44가 과발현되는 것을 관찰하였다. 창상치유분석에서 CAF와 같이 배양된 암세포는 NHF와 같이 배양된 암세포에 비해 더 빠른 이동을 보였다. CD44 중화 항체를 처리했을 때는 암세포의 이동성이 저해되었다. 결론 CAF는 종양미세환경에서 암세포의 운동성을 조절하는 중요한 인자의 하나일 것으로 사료된다. CD44는 CAF의 기능을 매개하는 중요한 표지자 중 하나로 생각된다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.769-780
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• 2015

This study investigated the changes in inflammatory mediators, immunocompetent cells and bone merrow progenitor cells by the magnitude of muscle damage and type of the muscle contraction in the elderly. Twenty older adults who had not been involved in a resistance-training program at least 6 months prior to the present study were assigned to eccentric exercise group (ECC, n=10) and concentric exercise group (CON, n=10). All subjects performed 10 sets of 6 maximal isokinetic eccentric (ECC 1) or concentric (CON) contractions with the non-dominant arm in a randomized, with 4 wk between bouts (ECC 2). Skeletal muscle damage index (ROM, VAS, Plasma CK), inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6), immunocomperent cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+), bone merrow progenitor cell (CD34+) and leukocytes were measured before, immediately after, 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after exercise. Changes in ROM and VAS were greater (P<.05) after ECC 1 than CON and ECC 2. Increases in TNF-α and IL-6 were greater (P<.05) 24, 48 and 72 h after ECC 1 than CON and ECC 2. Increases in neutrophils were greater (P<.05) 2 h after ECC 1 than CON and ECC 2. It was confirmed that muscle damage was greater following eccentric than concentric contractions as well as first bout than second bout in the elderly, and suggested that TNF-α, IL-6 and neutrophils should closely correlate with magnitude of muscle damage.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.25-26
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• 2000

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1409-1414
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. ICR-type white male mice were divided into a control group (CON: n=10) and an exercise training group (EX: n=10) after a 1 week adaptation period. EX performed treadmill running at 16.4 m/min with a 4% incline, 40 min/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Cervical dislocation was performed at 48 hours after the last bout of exercise, after which gastrocnemius skeletal muscles were immediately collected. The results of verifying the intrinsic apoptosis pathway showed that there were no significant differences in Bcl-2, Bax, or the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins between EX and CON. On the other hand, the results of verifying the extrinsic apoptosis pathway showed that caspase-8 proteins were significantly lower in EX than in CON (p<0.05). Apoptosis suppressing protein HSP70 was higher in EX than in CON. In addition, caspase-3, which is the final factor for apoptosis, was not activated. These results indicate that apoptosis did not develop since caspase-3 is non-cleaved by the effects of caspase-8 and HSP70 extrinsic pathways rather than Bcl-2 and Bax intrinsic pathways among signal pathways for apoptosis.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1404-1408
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• 2008

The migration and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (VEC), which play an important role in vascular remodeling, are known to be regulated by hemodynamic forces in the blood vessels. When shear stresses of 2, 6, 15 dynes/$cm^2$ are applied on mouse micro-VEC in vitro, cells surprisingly migrate against the flow direction at all conditions. While higher flow rate imposes more resistance against the cells, reducing their migration speed, the horizontal component of the velocity parallel to the flow increases with the flow rate, indicating the higher alignment of cells in the direction parallel to the flow at a higher shear stress. In addition, cells exhibit substrate stiffness and calcium dependent migration behavior, which can be explained by polarized remodeling in the mechanosensitive pathway under shear stress.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1999

In the present study, we investigated the effect of maturity and motility of spermatozoa on the formation of pronuc-leus and subsequent developmental capacity of the human embryo in vitro. The fertilization was performed by means of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in HEPES-buffered m-TCM-199 medium. In the first part of the experiment, motile or im-motile human spermatozoa ejaculated were injected into cumulus-enclosed human oocytes matured in vivo. Significantly (p<0.002) higher proportion of oocytes that was injected with motile spermatozoa formed 2 pronuclei than the oocytes injected with immotile spermatozoa (79.8% vs 51.7%). In the second part of the experiment, cumulus-enclosed human oocytes matured in vivo were injected with motile or immotile spermatozoa collected from testes. There was no difference between motile and immotile spermatozoa. In the third part of the experiment, using modified Tyrode's medium containing 10.0 mM lactate, 0.5 mM pyruvate, 0.2 mM taurine, 1.0 mM glutamine, 2.22 mM MEM amino acids, vitamin and 10% human follicular fluid, we found that the development of oocytes that formed 2 pronuclei were able to develop to 9-16 cells regardless of maturity and motility of spermatozoa.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 2006

Gastrodia elata Blume is a major imp0l1ant medicinal resource in Korea. In order to confirm the biological activities of Gastrodia elata Blume, we carried out various in vitro assays. Of them, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activities were detected from assays. The prototype of Gastrodia elata Blume extracts was used for 1he evaluation of DPPH, FRAP, hydroxyradical scavenging assay as anti-oxidant assays, as well as anti-tumor asctivities as wound assay and invasion assay. As a result, the prototype of Gastrodia elata Blume extracts showed potent anti-oxidative activity and anti-tumor activity in vitro. These above results suggest that 1he Gastrodia elata Blume extracts could have potential to alleviate oxidation process, cell motility activity, and tumorigenesis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2002

위의 parietal cell 혹은 대식세포와 유사한 세포 내부에서 H. pylori가 발견된다는 보고가 있기는 하나 일반적으로 H. pylori는 Shigella와 같은 침습성 세균은 아닌 것으로 알려져 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 H. pylori에 감염된 위점막에는 많은 수의 호중구를 위시한 염증세포의 침윤이 관찰되는데 H. pylori가 위상피세포에 부착할 경우 위상피세포를 자극하여 interleukin-8을 위시한 cytokine을 발현케하고 이에 의하여 호중구 등의 염증세포가 몰려들게 된다. 한편 고유층에 몰려든 호중구에서는 다시 interleukin-8을 위시한 일련의 호중구 활성화 chemokine을 분비하여 염증반응을 증폭해 나갈 것이다. 호중구에서 발현되는 myeloperxidase나 활성산소 등도 위점막의 조직 손상에 기여할 것이다. 위상피세포를 덮고 있는 점액층은 위상피세포를 보호한다고 알려져 있으나 H. pylori 감염의 경우 점액층에 의하여 H. pylori의 운동성이 증가하고 이것이 위상피세포로부터의 cytokine 발현을 자극하여 염증반응을 증폭하는 데 관여할 가능성도 있다. H. pylori는 위상피세포에 대하여 apoptosis를 유도함과 동시에 고유층에 몰려든 호중구에 대하여는 apoptosis를 억제케하여 궁극적으로 염증반응을 증폭 및 지속시켜 나가는 쪽으로 작용한다. 한편 H. pylori는 위상피세로로부터 COX-2의 발현을 증가시키는데 이는 위상피세포의 APOPTOSIS를 억제하는 방향으로 작용한다. 이외에 H. pylori의 urease에 의하여 발생한 암모니아나 H. pylori 자신이 분비하는 세포독소가 세포 손상을 유발할 가능성도 있다. 상술한 여러 독성 인자들 중 어느 하나가 단독으로 작용하기보다는 여러 인자가 같이 동시에 또는 시차를 두고 작용할 가능성이 많다고 생각된다.

• Exercise Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2012

In the present study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise on apoptotic neuronal cell death in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. The animals were divided into four groups(n = 7 in each group):(1) control group, (2) exercise group, (3) diabetes-induced group, (4) diabetes-induced and exercise group. Diabetes mellitus(DM) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats in the exercise groups were forced to run on the treadmill for 30 minutes once a day, five times per a week, during 12 weeks. In this study, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay and western blot for the expressions of caspase-3, cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 in the retinas were conducted for the detection of apoptotic retinal cell death. The present results showed that the number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased in the retinas of the diabetic rats, whereas treadmill exercise suppressed this number. The expressions of pro-apoptotic factors caspase-3, cytochrome c, and Bax were enhanced and the expressions of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 was decreased in the retinas of the diabetic rats. In contrast, treadmill exercise suppressed the expressions of caspase-3, cytochrome c, and Bax and increased the expression of Bcl-2. The present study demonstrated that treadmill exercise suppressed diabetes-induced apoptotic neuronal cell death in the retinas. Based on the present results, treadmill exercise may be effective therapeutic strategy for the alleviating complications of diabetes patients.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 1995

For understanding physiological nature of phototaxis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 PTX(S. 6803 PTX), we examined the effects of some metabolic inhibitors and cation ionophore on the phototactic movement. In the presence of DCMU, which blocks the photosynthetic electron transport just after photosystem II acceptor, there was no inhibitory effect on the phototaxis up to $100\;\mu\textrm{M}$. Instead, the respiratory electron chain inhibitor such as sodium azide dramatically impaired the phototaxis in S. 6803 PTX. These observations indicate that the phototaxis is linked not to photo-phosphorylation, but to respiratory phosphorylation. When the cells were treated with un couplers such as CCCP or DNP, which dissipate the electrochemical gradient of proton($\Delta\mu_{H}+$) across the cytoplasmic membrane, these chemicals did not affect phototaxis. In contrast, when cells were treated with DCCD or NBD which deprive cells of A TP but leave $\Delta\mu_{H}+$ intact across the membrane, the phototactic movement was severly reduced. These results imply that ATP production, not proton motive force, is involved in the phototactic movement in this organism as a driving motive force. The application of specific calcium ionophore A23187 strongly impaired positive phototaxis. Calcium fluxes should be engaged in the sensory trans-duction of phototactic orientation. Finally, when ethionine was supplimented to culture media, the photomovement of this organism was inhibited. This implies that methylation/demethylation mechanism controls the process of phototaxis in S. 6803 PTX like chemotaxis in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium.murium.