• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2002

The studies of souvenirs in korea are mostly limited to the development of souvenirs as tourism resources. The purpose of this study are as fellows. First, to develop the model of souvenir purchasing behavior and to segment a market. Second, To emphasize the value of a souvenir as cultural goods centered around it？ authenticity. Third, To establish an integrated concept through reviewing various definitions of souvenir. An extensive literature review was conducted in order to become familiar with salient issues in the authenticity and of souvenir？ and question are method was used and the collected data ware analyzebby means of SPSS/PC+. The major findings of the study may be summarized as follows: First, Tourism style, the congnition of a souvenir？ authenticity and souvenir purchasing behavior are different according to Tourists(equation omitted) nationality. Second, souvenir purchasing behavior is affected by the tourism style, tourist(equation omitted) of a souvenir？ authenticity and these three factors are interrelated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.141-157
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• 2008

This study suggests some ideas for the improvements of the classes of Language(700) and Literature(800) of the 4th Edition of Korean Decimal Classification(KDC). They includes some recommendations for the followings: introducing some new entries of the time table for the Korean Literature and English and American Literatures; relocating some entries for the improvements including language policy and administration; using new terminologies: adding new and revised notes for the appropriate entries; changing some specific classifying methods including the classification of bilingual dictionaries; introducing some options including those for the subdivisions of modern novels and those for American Literature; and discontinuing some entries not used, especially those in other Languages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.3
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• pp.275-287
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze forest vegetation type classification and relationships between the type and environment factor in Mt. Dutasan. Data were collected by total of forty six plots using Z-M phytosociological method from June to October, 2016, and analyzed by vegetation classification, canopy layer structure and relationships between vegetation unit and environment factor using coincidence methods. As a result of vegetation type classification, Quercus mongolica community group was classified at a top level of vegetation hierarchy that was classified into Rhododendron schlippenbachii community and Betula costata community. R. schlippenbachii community was divided into Lychnis cognata group and R. schlippenbachii typical group. L. cognata group was subdivided into Veratrum oxysepalum subgroup and L. cognata typical subgroup. B. costata community was divided into Fraxinus mandshurica group and Betula schmidtii group. F. mandshurica group was subdivided into Weigela subsessilis subgroup and Cimicifuga heracleifolia subgroup. Therefore the forest vegetation was composed of six vegetation units with two kinds of bisected species groups and fourteen species groups. As the result of an analysis of canopy layer structure, there were two kinds of structures with monotonous structures V. oxysepalum subgroup (vegetation units 1), L. cognata typical subgroup (vegetation units 2), W. subsessilis subgroup (vegetation units 4) and complicated structures R. schlippenbachii typical group (vegetation units 3), C. heracleifolia subgroup (vegetation units 5), Betula schmidtii group (vegetation units 6). The vertical layer structure of vegetation unit 5 was the most developed and vegetation unit 6 had the lowest coverage of herb layer. According to the correlation between vegetation unit and environmental factor, R. schlippenbachii community (vegetation units 1~3) and B. costata community (vegetation units 4~6) were classified based on 1,100 m of altitude, middle slope, twenty of slope degree, twenty percents of bare rock and thirty centimeters of DBH in tree layer. R. schlippenbachii community (vegetation units 1~3) showed positive correlation with altitude, topography and B. costata community (vegetation units 4~6) showed negative correlation tendency with them.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2009

A officinal mushroom, Phellinus linteus (PL) has been known to exhibit potent biological activities including antioxidative and anticancer effect. PL is consumed as a type of powder or extract for the purpose of health promotion and disease treatment. Recently superfine PL products was commercialized according to the development of pulverizing technology such as nanomill, so the evaluation of food safety is suggested. This study was conducted to evaluate the food safety of superfine PL (SPL) through hematological, biochemical and histological examination in mice as compared with fine PL (FPL). In the particle size distribution in volume after nanomill processing, the mean diameter of SPL and FPL particles was 11.78 ${\mu}m$ and 216.1 ${\mu}m$, and d (0.5), the particle diameter measured at 50% of distribution was 5.5 ${\mu}m$ and 147.9 ${\mu}m$, respectively. As the result of body weight, food intake and the weight of organs, SPL group didn't show any statistical difference compared with FPL group and normal group (N). Hematological and biochemical values were also involved in the normal range, although ALT (N vs. FPL, P<0.001) and BUN (N vs. FPL, P<0.01; N vs. SPL, P<0.01) showed significance compared with N group but there are no significance between FPL and SPL group. In the result of histological examination with liver, kidney, spleen, and small and large intestine, abnormal findings such as inflammatory reaction and histological changes were not observed. Our results suggest that the oral intake of SPL diet is not harmful to the animal in the hematological, biochemical and histological aspects although particle size was reduced to the level of superfine. However, further study will be necessary to confirm the histological safety in relation to the gastrointestinal contact of superfine particles in the case of large amount and long-term intake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.146-153
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to explore food-related lifestyle segments of the older consumers, to identify its socio-demographic characteristics, and to investigate the differences in variables regarding health beliefs. A survey was conducted of adults 55 years of age and older living in Seoul, South Korea from March 28 to April 10, 2007. Out of the 500 distributed questionnaires, 361 were retained for final analysis: a response rate of 72.2%. As a result of cluster analysis, five consumer segments were identified; health-managing group, diet-unconcerned group, convenience-oriented group, taste-oriented group, unpracticed group. Significant differences were found among the five segments in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and variables regarding health beliefs (i.e., perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived benefits). In the health-managing group and taste-oriented group, mean scores of perceived self-efficacy (p<0.001) and perceived benefits (p<0.001) were significantly higher than other groups. However, in the diet-unconcerned group and convenience-oriented group, the mean scores of perceived barriers (p<0.01) were significantly high. This study shows that foodservice operators targeting the older consumers should consider characteristics of each segment to develop a customized program.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 2005

Purpose: Some gastric cancer patients in whom the cancer has infiltrated up to the muscularis propria (mp) have a good postoperative course similar to that of early gastric cancer (EGC) patients (this does not match the general classification of gastric cancer). Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysis of 125 patients with mp gastric cancer based on the degree of mp invasion. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic features of 125 cases of mp gastric cancer were subdivided according to depth of invasion, and were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the surgical features of 222 patients with gastric cancer invading the submucosa (sm). For each tumor, using the section that showed the greatest extent of invasion, we evaluated the degree of tumor invasion into the mp layer at a magnification of $\times$100. The patients were classified into 2 groups: mp1, the tumor was limited to the first of the 3 mp layers, and mp2, the tumor had expanded beyond the first layer. Results: Patients with mp1 (n=50) had a significantly lower incidence of lymph node metastasis, and a smaller tumor size than patients with mp2 (n=75) (P=0.01 and P=0.029, respectively). The 5-year survival rate of mp1 patients was significantly better than that of mp2 patients ($95.3\%\;vs.\;77.6\%$, P=0.0282), but was similar to that ($91.2\%$) of the 222 sm patients. The 5-year survival rate of mp patients without lymph node metastasis (n=55) was significantly better than that of those with lymph node metastasis (n=70)($93.3\%\;vs.\;78.2\%$, P=0.0192). Patients with mp1 had a significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis ($42.5\%\;vs\;23\%$, P=0.006) than patients with sm. Conclusion: There were clear differences in clinical features between the mp1 and the mp2 patients. Subdivision of mp gastric cancer according to the depth of invasion may enable a more precise prognosis and a more pertinent treatment plan for mp patients. In particular, as the clinicopathological findings and surgical outcomes for mp1 patients were akin to those of the sm patients, mp1 patients may require treatment analogous to that administered to patients with sm gastric cancer. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2005;5:101-105)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 2017

This study began from the question, "is there a way to efficiently apply industrial demand in the university curriculum?" Research focused on how to actively accept and respond to the era of the NCS (National Competency Standards). In order to apply NCS to individual departments of the university, industrial personnel must positively participate to form a practical-level curriculum by the NCS, which can be linked to the work and qualifications. A valid procedure for developing a curriculum based on the NCS of this study is as follows: First, the university must select a specific classification of NCS considering the relevant industry outlook, the speciality of professors in the university, the relationship with regional industries and the prospects for future employment, and the need for industrial manpower. Second, departments must establish a type of human resource that compromises goals for the university education and the missions of the chosen NCS. In this process, a unique competency unit of the university that can support the basic or applied subjects should be added to the task model. Third, the task model based on the NCS should be completed through the verification of each competency unit considering the acceptance or rejection in the curriculum. Fourth, subjects in response to each competency units within the task model should be developed while considering time and credits according to university regulations. After this, a clear subject description of how to operate and evaluate the contents of the curriculum should be created. Fifth, a roadmap for determining the period of operating subjects for each semester or year should be built. This roadmap will become a basis for the competency achievement frame to decide upon the adoption of a Process Evaluation Qualification System. In order for the NCS to be successfully established within the university, a consensus on the necessity of the NCS should be preceded by professors, students and staff members. Unlike a traditional curriculum by professors, the student-oriented NCS curriculum is needed sufficient understanding and empathy for the many sacrifices and commitment of the members of the university.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1424-1433
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• 2003

본 연구는 소비자의 의류제품평가에 있어 개인적ㆍ심리적 요인인 자기이미지 및 의복태도의 관련성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 소비자의 의류제품평가는 다차원적인 구조를 가지며, 외관적, 성능적, 외재적, 표현적 요소로 세분화되어 사용되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 소비자의 자기이미지와 의복태도에 따라 의류제품 평가기준과 의복선호스타일에 유의한 차이가 나타남으로써 이들이 소비자의 의류제품 평가에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 소비자의 자기이미지 및 의복태도는 감성이나 이미지와 같은 요소들의 중요성이 증가하고 있는 최근의 의류시장의 경향에 부합하여 시장세분화의 효과적인 변수로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 이와 함께 자기이미지 및 의복태도를 통해 세분화된 표적시장 소비자들이 보다 중요시하는 의류제품평가의 차원들을 파악하고 이를 강화함으로써 보다 효율적인 마케팅 전략을 수립할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.311-313
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• 2010

본 연구는 토지적성평가 우선개발 항목 중 적법훼손지의 정확한 공간정보의 추출을 위해 Google Earth 영상을 이용하여 분석하였다. 현재 공시지가대장과 건축물대장의 속성정보만을 이용하여 일필지의 면적이내 경계를 추출하고 있어 적법훼손지의 필지별 정확한 세부적인 공간정보를 추출할 수 없는 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구의 Google Earth 영상을 이용한 결과 적법훼손지의 정확한 필지별 면적 및 경계를 구체적으로 추출하는 추적기법개발을 제시하였다. 또한 Google Earth 영상을 이용한 추적기법개발에 따른 일 필지의 정확한 세부 공간정보를 평가한 결과 지적도에 일부 편입되는 적법훼손지의 위치 및 면적등과 관련된 구체적인 일필지의 공간정보를 분석할 수 있었다. 따라서 적법 훼손지를 정확히 구축함으로써 관리지역 세분제도에 계획 생산 보전관리지역에 대한 정확한 평가를 위한 기초적인 참고자료로서 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-137
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• 1993

Recently, many researches are being dealt with the adaptive method for improving the accuracy of finite element solution. This paper deals with rh-methods that are the combination of r and h-method ; r-method is to relocate the nodes for the grid optimization, h-method is to divide the elements with great error into the equal shape. As a results, rh-method has the same error decrease and convergence as h-method in the same degree of freedom, but it has more exact result of finite element in the state of restraining degrees of freedom than h-method alone.