• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.114
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• pp.241-263
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• 2016

History is not only Hegel's philosophical subject, but it corresponds to his entire system of philosophy. Because his system of philosophy is a description of the self-movement of spirit and 'world history' reveals the overall movement of spirit. Hegel's 'historical and philosophical standpoint' goes through the description of his entire system, and this tendency is more and more reinforced towards the later Hegel. If it is reasonable to find the corresponding relationship between Hegel's system of philosophy and 'world history', the relationship between 'objective spirit' and 'absolute spirit' must be systematically unraveled in the horizon of world history. The world-historical perspective in 'objective spirit' has the limit to consider 'modern European nations' as a final destination. On the contrary, world history that acts as a mediator in the transition from 'objective spirit' to 'absolute spirit' makes it possible to jump in absolute horizon by recognizing limitations of nation states and avoiding specific and limited conditions dialectically. So what is revealed through the study of 'world history' in Hegel's system of philosophy is that in the view of 'absolute spirit' of art, religion, philosophy 'political state' is not the end that all mankind should aim at. Therefore, it is undesirable only to criticize Hegel's philosophy of history as 'Eurocentrism'.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.525-538
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• 2018

Myazedi Quadrilingual Stone Inscription of Myanmar, inscribed to the World Heritage List in 2015, is a rare historical artifact which has an exact date of inscription. It is a written record that displays the history, religion, and culture of Myanmar. Since the surface of the Stone Inscription has been rubbed with ink many times during the process of making printed copies for interpretation and academic research, it has developed a serious stain problem. Therefore, scientific analysis of the stain and research on the treatment for its removal have been conducted. In particular, an experiment was conducted on stain removal using laser cleaning and chemical treatment. The stains are mostly ink dirt, which accumulated from previous ink-rubbing processes. In order to conduct the experiment under similar conditions, a sample with similar stain has been reproduced, and a set of different conditions for treatment was applied to the sample to determine an effective solution. Laser cleaning was found to be effective in removing stains from most samples. However, chemical treatment showed different results. The physical friction method using ethanol provided the best result. In conclusion, laser cleaning is an effective universally-applicable technique but chemical treatment with laser cleaning can be considered an alternative method in certain situations.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.40
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• pp.91-110
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• 2015

Both Plato and More imagined alternative ways of organizing society. What is common to both authors, then, is the fact that they resorted to fiction to discuss other options. They differed, however, in the way they presented that fiction. The concept of utopia is no doubt an attribute of modern thought, and one of its most visible consequences. But one of the main features of utopia as a literary genre is its relationship with reality. Utopists depart from the observation of the society they live in, note down the aspects that need to be changed and imagine a place where those problems have been solved. After the two World Wars, the twentieth century was predominantly characterized by man's disappointment at the perception of his own nature. In this context, utopian ideals seemed absurd and the floor was inevitably left to dystopian discourse. Both The Road by Cormac MacCarthy and The Childhood of Jesus by J. M. Coetzee can be called critical dystopia and critical utopia as they represent the imaginary place and time that author intended a contemporaneous reader to view as better or worse than contemporary society but with difficult problems that the described society may or may not be able to solve. As a changed adventure narrative, they have something in common like open ending, father and son relationship and religious allegory. But the most important thing is that they express the utopian impulse that is still energetic and transforming in the post-modern society.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.44
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• pp.155-197
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• 2015

Disaster of Sewol took place in one year. Meanwhile, the victim's family and the call time record academics have tried to record it. Ansan activists have moved to objectives such as civil records committee also pivotal. The citizens committee under the dictation recording oral history team has a diverse group of people associated with the time issue. bereaved families were collected from the oral as well as volunteers, religious personnel, activists, Ansan citizens and various people. Disasters around the world is also an important event to remember and honor the people together, and one of the most effective means to record There it is establishing an oral history archive. Does not leave a lot of nature history of sudden disasters that occur, as well as a tribute record dictation telling people of diverse perspectives on events helps a lot closer to the reality of the event. Erected in the National September 11 Memorial Museum to honor the Sept. 11 attacks and provide a variety of programs to chaerok dictation of the people involved with 9/11. To remember the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing 'Our Marathon' of crowdsourcing digital archive was built. In the archives of the local universities and institutions were created to collaborate actively and gathering oral history. Pan Am Flight 103 pieces terror has established an archive from Syracuse University. Here, neither graduates, faculty, and to the victim's family and friends gather and oral hitory. Disaster-related Sewol neither should be able to be used as in the case of foreign well, and it should continue to honor the victims of the collection. It also ought to occasion again to avoid this disaster on earth.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.65-88
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• 2018

Lee Hang Ro's Mind-theory(心說) is an important theory comparable to it of Gi Jeong Jin, Lee Jin Sang and Jeon Woo. In this paper, I examined the influence of the Western-school(西學) in the process of formation of Lee's theory. Since the Western-school had flowed in the beginning of the 17th century, in the 18th century it was subject to Confucian intellectuals along with social stability. However, listed in the 19th century, along with the turmoil of the East Asian international order, the Western-school was also rejected. The Western-school was a tool to analyze the cause of Western invasion(西勢東漸) in him. Lee saw The Western-school from the standpoint of Christianity mainly. Especially Christianity was recognized as a religion that emphasizes God rather than humans. In contrast, Confucianism was understood as a thought system that emphasizes human moral subjectivity rather than God. In this process mind was expanded to the subjectivity of human. However, Lee only emphasized the traditional Confucianism order and ignored the rationality of the Western-school. He could not accommodate western civilization actively and properly respond to the world order in that time. On the other hand, we are now in the era of a new civilization called the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To this the remarks of Lee's Mind-theory will be an important suggestion point for organizing the new civilization actively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.567-581
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• 2020

While Coronavirus (COVID-19) is popular all over the world, democratic citizenship is strongly highlighted as a factor that has enabled the Republic of Korea to successfully prevent it. Democratic citizenship can also be understood as a civility, which means respecting the individual's individuality, value and freedom, but at the same time pursuing common good based on healthy relationships with others in the community. It is true that despite the need for modern Christianity to practice this civility more gracefully and politely in the public sphere, some churches and Christians have failed to show it during the Corona crisis. Under these circumstances, this study made the following suggestions for the realization of communality through the practice of democratic citizenship beyond the privatization of modern Christianity. First, Christianity needs recognition as a public church and theological establishment of it. Second, modern Christianity needs to recognize the importance of a network society and practice public good more than ever. Third, modern Christianity should be able to provide a new lifestyle for the development of public character in the community. So the New Normal-era church should be able to restore its original churchlikeness by having a Christian identity and communicating gentlemanly in the public domain.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.153-161
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide effective career coaching method to help university students to choose suitable career in transition to society. The subjects were 250 students enrolled in G University and questionnaire survey was administerd. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v. 21.0 statistics package program and the results are as follows: For the general characteristics of subjects, female students were more compared to male ones, mos of them were in 4th grade and specialized in public health and had no religion. For the relationship between self-management / self-resiliency and career maturity of university students, the self-management had significant positive effects on determination, confidence, and preparedness, which are sub-factors of career maturity (p<.001). In addition, it was shown that the controllability, positiveness, and sociability, which are sub-factors of self-resiliency had significant positive effects on determination, confidence, and preparedness, which are sub-factors of career maturity (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001). Considering that the self-management and self-resiliency are important factors in career maturity of university students, it is demanded for the university teachers to examine the measures to increase self-management and self-resiliency of students.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.27
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• pp.85-118
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• 2009

Kim Hang(金恒: Il-Boo 1826-1898) presented that in the end of 19 century The Book of Correct Changes(正易) alternated I-Ching(周易) in Korea. He predicted that the New world would be realized soon. In other words, the Former-Heaven(先天) would be changed in to the After-Heaven(後天). The New world means the highest well-being society and harmonized world. He named the New world as the Yuli world(琉璃世上). The Book of Correct Changes contained the idea of reformation of society with great cosmic changes and taught us to cultivate and train our mind for transformation of human beings. The New world will be come true, and there the struggling will be ceased. The New world will be accompanied by the transformation of human beings. Each person has to persevere changing him(her)-Selfin his(her) efforts to be a holy man. All people will achieve the high spirit. Kim Hang taught us to renew ourself and made the new world where every person will live with Truth and have an equal right and treat others without discrimination.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.3-20
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• 2022

The origins of the world-recognized Korean gat can be traced back to Gojoseon, and the jades for the sangtu and gwanja come from Hongshan culture. This study examines the etymology of the hat, the symbolism of the gat and the jade comb, and the history of the development of the accessories for the hat. The research methods of literature review, investigation of relics and murals, and analysis of cases of pronunciation changes were used. Most of the relics excavated from the Hongshan are identical to those excavated from Korea. The Byun-Khan people wore a triangle-shaped conical hat (the byun), which was shaped to fit the protruding sangtu hairstyle, with a foldable brim that, if pulled downward, changed the hat to a gat. The Chu sangtu, a pointed top-knot hairstyle, is uniquely found among Northeast Asian peoples, and it is an ethnic symbol for Koreans. Until the modern period, many Koreans wore their hair in the sangtu style, indicating their descent from the sky. Jade combs shaped like birds and clouds from the Hongshan period emphasized the religious nature and ceremony of hair styling at that period. The word hat is widely used to refer to gat all over the world. The pronunciation of ㄱg, ㅎh. and ㅋq/kh are closely related to each other, and the ancient pronunciation ㄱg gradually evolved to ㅎh or ㅋq/kh. The English 'Hat' and Korean 'Gat' were transformed from the middle-ancient sound 'gasa > gosa > got' of the crown 'gwan, gokkal'. This creative hair style culture that started from the Hongshan culture continued to be fashionable during the Gojoseon Dangun period, and the decoration techniques for hats and accessories were inherited over time and continuously developed. Along with the method of making gat, creative hair-related parts, such as manggeons, donggot pins, gwanja buttons, and fine combs were developed over the course of a thousand years.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.49
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• pp.229-263
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• 2024

The purpose of this article is to elucidate the origins of the symbolic significance of traditional Korean talismanic ornaments such as dried pollack, bokjori (luck-bringing strainer), silk threads, and sokotture (a nose-block). Previous studies have primarily interpreted the magical meanings of these ornaments based on their shapes or functions, but such approaches are limited due to this likely being an ex-post-facto interpretation. This study argues that the symbolic meanings of these ornaments originated from the socio-economic characteristics of the time. These items were food resources or products closely related to the economic activities of the people of the time, and therefore, could be considered symbols of abundance and fortune. In particular, dried pollack served as an important food resource and commodity during the Late Joseon Dynasty, even functioning as a quasi-currency, and considering that fish are seen as symbols of abundance and fertility in various cultures around the world, its symbolic significance becomes clearer. Bokjori and sokotture acquired the meaning of abundance by being associated with major goods or properties of the time such as rice and cattle, and silk thread was linked to sericulture, a significant source of income for farmers of the time. These economic characteristics form the basis of the symbolism of these ornaments, and the function of these talismans can be seen as a secondary symbolism added in the process of social justification of these customs. This study reveals that economic motives underlie magical-religious customs and suggests that a broad consideration of the cultural and ecological environment of the time is necessary to understand the origins and transformations of cultural phenomena.