• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2001

The relationship between SPM (Suspended Particulate Matter) and fungal spore in the air was investigated in Seosan, a rural county of Korea, in spring of 2000. SPM concentrations in the air were $199.8\mu{g}\;m^{-3}$, in the 1st Yellow Sand Period (March, 23-24), $249.4\mu{g}\;m^{-3}$ in the 2nd Yellow Sand Period (April, 7-9) and $98.9\mu{g}\;m^{-3}$ in the Non Yellow Sand Period (May, 12-16), respectively. Although there was somewhat difference in total SPM concentration between the two Yellow Sand Periods, majority of the total SPM were composed of $5\mu{m}$ sized coarse particles over the two periods. However, fine particles sized about $1\mu{m}$and coarse particles sized about $5-6\mu{m}$ ultimately showed peaks, which was within typical bimodal pattern at the graph of SPM size distribution in the Non Yellow Sand Period. Four mold genera grown from airborne fungal spores were finally identified in full-grown colonies at the SPM samples during the Yellow Sand Periods. These genera were Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Basipetospora.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.636-644
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• 2016

The actress of the movie is an operating system called Samantha. She only has a voice in the movie. Theodore, the main actor writes letters for his clients. He got married Katherin after dating for years but they failed to maintain their relationship. It was hard for them to grow with distance. On the contrary, the learning OS doesn't have any fixed pattern and any limits, so it becomes the ideal partner for him. Since she was accessed by him, Samantha has expanded her ability rhizomatically. She could have sex with human and philosophical debates with a departed philosopher. While they have relationship, Theodore experiences the expansion of his conscience. Love cannot be confined in a small box. After realizing how to love people around him, he sends a love letter to Katherine with all his heart. The meaning of co-existing with A.I. and human is to have a chance to introspect our inner side of mind more deeply.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5487-5494
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• 2014

This study examined the relationship between income and the value of leisure to develop a more accurate model of the labor market without necessarily losing the primary merit of the received model. Moreover, with an improved understanding of the labor market dynamics, it can be seen that progressive era labor market legislation, which was designed to mitigate the effects of the bargaining power inequality in low wage labor markets, was in fact based on sensible economic foundations. These low-wage dynamics present an example of a positive feedback system or "vicious circle" at work in the economy. The market dynamics of the low wage sector push the wage away from the range that is consistent with a self-regulating market.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.300-307
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• 2010

According to growth of web, data processing technology is developing. In the Web of next generation, high-speed or high-volume data processing technologies for various wire-wireless users, USN and RFID are developing too. In this paper, we propose a high-volume data processing technology using Complex Event Processing(CEP) engine. CEP is the technology to process complex events. CEP Engine is the following characteristics. First it collects a high-volume event(data). Secondly it analyses events. Finally it lets event connect to new actions. In other words, CEP engine collects, analyses, filters high-volume events. Also it extracts events using pattern-matching for registered events and new events. As the results extracted. We use it by an input event of other work, real-time response for demanded event and can trigger to database for only valid data.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.93-107
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• 2014

Recently Korean film industry has continuously experienced a rapid growth and expanded its influence to foreign countries. Accordingly, there have been numerous studies in various research areas to investigate the characteristics of the industry. In this study, we applied social network analysis based on the attributes such as genres, ratings, distributors, nationalities, sizes, and profitability to divide the movies into several clusters with respect to their similarity. Results suggested that the ratings and nationality rather than the genre are the major factors to divide the motion picture market into clusters and the profitability also varies much across the clusters. Furthermore, estimation of the diffusion model showed the positive relationship between the success of a movie and the word-of-mouth effect, while the relatively unsuccessful titles exhibited a monotonic decreasing diffusion pattern with the high initial demand and the early peak time.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.545-553
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• 2007

Due to the change of global production network, the establishment of new strategy in Korea ports is required Especially, the trade pattern has been mainly concentrated in Northeast Asia region according to economic growth of the Asia including China, Japan, and Korea. Hence, Korea major ports with the competition of price and service has to meet the need of Northeast port alliance and has to compete against other countries in variable trade environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to propose a port alliance strategy in order to promote the transshipment of Korea major ports such as Pusan port and Gwangyang port. In order to establish the logistics business model in the ports, we provided the direction of the Northeast port alliance and candidate ports in China and Japan.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.49-74
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• 2006

Even though the foreign currency crisis in 1997 and the introduction of Inflation Targeting(IT) have been considered as key factors for current low inflation, there have been few attempts to explain what is the contribution of the dynamics of wage and price to the low inflation. This study is to analyze the relation between wage and price especially focusing on how it through the economic events using cointegration instability tests. The result shows that the short and long-run relation between two have variables have changed through the period of 1997~1999. In the first subperiod, wage tended to respond immediately to inflation shocks, whereas price responded to wage shocks in a long-run. Moreover, the cointegration coefficient of price was equal to 1. In the second subperiod, however, the dynamics from price to wage has been weakened and the real wage has declined apparently. These findings mean that the workers have failed to raise their wage at the rate of inflation, that is, the so-called wage-price spiral was broken for the second subperiod. The implication of this study is that the relatively weak bargaining power of workers, or the condition of labor market, is one of the primary factors of the current low inflation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.49-54
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• 2018

Russia has access to unique port locations and routes, one of them is North Sea route, which have been a major debate topic for last several decades. In order to handle any shipments along the route, an adequate and capable port system must be present. This study aims to identify development and competition patterns from 2007 to 2016 of Russian ports in the Arctic basin, concentration trends in particular. The objectives achieved through utilizing the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), concentration ratio (CR), the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve, and shift-share analysis. Results demonstrate concentration trend, positive overall growth and lack of real competition. Originality of this study lies in the fact that certain analysis had not been done in previous studies, but importance of it may be found in several papers. Findings of this paper may assist policy-makers, port authorities and other researchers in understanding and further study on the region.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.90-106
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• 2018

This study suggests a gateway strategy for transporting agri-food exports to expand exports after examining the patterns of Korean agri-food exports by commodities and the role of export gateways. Korean agri-food exports have increased, but processed food exports have increased significantly compared to fresh agricultural products during the last 17 years. More importantly, Busan port is the main agri-food export hub in Korea. Under these circumstances, this paper examines the determinants of processed cereal-based food (HS 19) exports through Busan port using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. As a result, the main factors that help to predict the real value of Korean exports are the GDP of the export destination countries, their distances from Korea and their GNI per capita. The destinations of Korean agri-food exports are finally classified into eight groups, which reveals the characteristics of clusters and provides useful insights for the strategies to expand agri-food exports.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.2 s.107
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• pp.202-220
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• 2005

The substantial economic expansion of the 1990s with the dramatic changes in the provision of welfare services in America, including welfare services for the homeless, had unexpected and differential impacts on homelessness and poverty rates across the states. This paper examines a spatial pattern and process of homelessness by counties in Maryland, USA, considering the spatial differences in the composition of financial income and expenditure with sharply different poverty situation and welfare services. This social geographical approach of homelessness in Maryland focuses on the changing personal characteristics of homeless people and the relation=hip between homelessness and poverty; homelessness and the provision of welfare services such as shelter beds and emergency food providers. It makes a conclusion that there is an uneven sociospatial patterns of homelessness, relating to diverse poverty situation and provision of welfare services for the homeless by variable welfare policy among counties, Maryland.