• Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2014

Objectives This study was conducted in order to investigate characteristics of temperament, depression, anxiety, attention, and impulsivity in adult males with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and internet addiction tendency. Methods The survey participants were 181 (121 patients and 60 healthy control subjects) adult males older than 19 years of age in Chung-Ang University Hospital and Gongju National Hospital. Subjects were divided according to ADHD with internet addiction tendency (AI), pure adults with ADHD (AD), and healthy control subjects (HC). All groups completed the Adult ADHD Scale (AADHD), Wender-Utah ADHD Rating Scale (WUADHD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Korean Version of Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS-K), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Temperament Character Inventory-Revised Short version for identification of relationship between ADHD and internet addiction tendency. Results AI groups were found to have higher AADHD, WUADHD, BDI, YIAS-K, and Novelty Seeking scores, compared to the AD and HC groups. The Cooperativeness score of the AI group was significantly lower than that of the AD group and HC group. The BAI and BIS scores of the AI group and AD group were significantly higher than those of the HC group. The Self-Directedness scores of the AI group and AD group were decreased, compared to the HC group. YIAS-K scores were partially related to BDI scores in the AI group. Conclusion The results of this study indicate an association of higher score of BDI with internet addiction tendency in adult patients with ADHD. Management of temperament characteristics, depression, anxiety, attention, and impulsivity may be important for adults with ADHD and internet addiction tendency.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the association of exhaustion, ADHD, self-esteem, impulsivity, suicidal tendencies and quality of life as well as depression and anxiety in fire officers in Korea. Methods : This study was undertaken for the first time in Korea, from September 2016 to December 2016. A set of questionnaires was provided to a total of 113 fire officers and 284 other participants as a comparison group. All subjects were evaluated using the Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Anxiety Inventory, Malach Burnout Inventory, Korean Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scales, Rosenberg's Self-esteem Inventory, Baratt's Impulsivity Scale, Beck's Scale of Suicide Ideation, and Quality of Life Scale. Furthermore, the odds ratio of depression, anxiety, exhaustion, ADHD, self-esteem, impulsivity, suicidal tendency and quality of life were evaluated the fire officer group and control group were compared through logistic regression analysis. Result : The results of this study indicated that the fire officers were more likely to show depression, anxiety, exhaustion, ADHD, low self-esteem and higher impulsivity. Also, the association between the fire officer group and depression, ADHD and impulsivity was confirmed through logistic regression analysis. Conclusion : Timely and effective evaluation and treatment of impulsivity, as well as depression is required for fire officers.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-115
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• 2023

Objectives : This study reports on the cases of four ADHD patients who treated with herbal medication based on Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System (DPIDS). Methods : Two children and two adults were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-V, and Galgeunhwangryeonhwanggeum-tang was administered. The parents of the two children completed the Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) before and after treatment, while the other patients used the Korean ADHD Self Rating Scale (K-ASRS). The patients' somatic symptoms and other issues were evaluated through interviews. Results : In the first case, the K-ARS scale exhibited a change from 28 to 3. The patient demonstrated improvements in attention, concentration, and social behavior, along with the elimination of self-injurious behavior. In the second case, the K-ARS scale showed a change from 41 to 9. The patient in the third case demonstrated improved chronic fatigue, increased attention, work efficiency, and enhanced social skills, leading to maintaining employment for over six months for the first time in their life after the treatments. Additionally, the patient in the fourth case demonstrated improved work concentration and relief in nocturia. Conclusions : In this study, four patients exhibited improvements in symptoms of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity before and after herbal treatment, leading to enhanced academic and social relationships. As the patients progressed in their health restoration, symptoms related to the genitourinary system also showed improvement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.629-638
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• 2021

This study investigated the relationships between ADHD trait, emotional music use, relationship initiation, and expectation for future life in early adolescence, and to verify path model to predict the expectation for future life. The participants were 347 male and female middle school students, their average of ages was 13.35 (SD=.91). The ADHD trait was measured with self-report scale, emotional music use and relationship initiation were measured with sub-scales of Use of Music Inventory and Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, and expectation for future life was measured with modified items of Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results revealed that ADHD trait was negatively correlated with relationship initiation and expectation for future life, whereas emotional music use was positively correlated with relationship initiation and expectation for future life. And, relationship initiation positively correlated with expectation for future life. The alternative model was adopted that included a direct path from ADHD trait to expectation for future life in the proposed model, rather than the proposed model in which ADHD trait and emotional music use affects expectation for future life through relationship initiation. The findings of this study should provide useful information for further studies and for professionals who try to promote the expectation for future life in early adolescence.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1995

We conducted the comparative study of the effects of the parent training combined with medication and the medication only on 23 ADHD children with the age from 5 to 11(body 22, girl 1). Mothers of combined treatment group(parent training+medication) attended, the parent training program once a week for 8 consecutive weeks and booster session 1 month later. Children of both groups were assessed twice before and after treatment using the various using scales and TOVA to evaluate the treatment effects. The results of present study showed the greater effectiveness of the medication+parent training over the medication only in reducing the parenting stress of mothers as well as the inattention and behavioral problems of ADHD children. In medication only group while the scores of mother's rating did not change significantly after treatment, those of teacher's rating and TOVA tend to be decreased to normal range. These results suggested that methylphenidate is effective on improving attentional problems of ADHD children, but not on behaviral problems at home. These results mean that parent training is needed for reducing behavioral problems of ADHD children, negative interactions in mother-child relation, and parenting stress as well as maxmizing medication effect.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 1993

Using a reliable assessment procedure and according to the severity of hyperactivity, thirty-six clinic-referred outpatients, 6-12 years of age, were given a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity(ADD+H) or without Hyperactivity(ADD-H). Comparisons of behavioral measurement by Conners Rating Scale(CRS) and Home/School Situations Questionnaire(HSQ/SSQ) revealed that the children with ADD+H displayed more pervasive behavior problems at home and school than the children with ADD-H. Also the children with ADD+H were more likely to be delinquent and aggressive compared to the children with ADD-H when using the Child Behavior Check-list(CBCL) for parents Hyperactivity symptom in ADHD is highly correlated with aggression scale on CBCL These finding suggest that ADD+H and ADD-H may differ in clinical disease entity.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to make a case study of a fourth- grade child diagnosed as ADHD. The subject in this study, who was the supplier of information, was especially inattentive and. impulsive. The focus of this study was placed on improving his attention, and it's also meant to lighten his impulsiveness. An attention improvement training program was devised by applying play and games that would spark the interest of the ADHD child who was inattentive and felt easily boring. The program was conducted in 15 sessions, and his self-report of attention and impulsiveness and task performance were checked to find out the effect of the program before, after and six weeks after it was implemented. Besides, additional data were gathered by keeping observational and counseling journals and interviewing people around them, and the collected data were analyzed to get a profound understanding of the child. The finding of the study were as follows: First, according to the pretest, posttest and retention test scores on attention and additional data, the attention improvement training that utilized play and game served to boost the attention of the information provider, and that had a lasting effect on that as well. Second, as a result of analyzing the pretest, posttest and retention test scores on impulsiveness and additional data, the attention improvement training that utilized play and games contributed to easing the impulsiveness of the information provider, and that had a continuing effect on that as well. Third, in addition to attention and impulsiveness, there were favorable changes in his peer relationship and confidence when all the collected data were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine whether there are qualitative differences in attention problem among children with various psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder using clinical ADHD diagnostic system (ADS) T-scores. Methods : The subjects were 794 outpatient children aged from 5 to 15 years, including 540 children with ADHD, 95 children with depressive disorder, 86 children with anxiety disorder, and 73 children with tic disorder. Clinical T-scores on the ADS were calculated using the mean and standard deviations of four ADS variables for the ADHD group. Results : All four groups had T-scores on the ADS in the abnormal range. However, when comparing the clinical T-scores, the children with depressive and anxiety disorders performed better than the children with ADHD. We also found that although the four groups seemed to be similar in terms of clinical T-scores for omission and commission errors, there were significant differences in clinical T-scores for reaction time and the standard deviation of response time (RT) between the ADHD and other groups. Conclusions : We concluded that inattention and impulsivity might not be specific only to ADHD and that the clinical T-scores of RT and standard deviation of RT on the ADS could be used to discriminate between ADHD and other clinical groups.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

Objectives ： This study aimed to examine the association between norepinephrine transporter gene (SLC6A2) polymorphisms and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to examine the relationship between the genotypes and allele variants of SLC6A2 and results of the Korean version of the parent ADHD rating scale (K-ARS). Methods ： We examined the association between ADHD and norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphism using DNA from 137 Korean children with ADHD and 120 normal controls. We compared the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of SLC6A2 polymorphism between the control group and the ADHD group. Then, we correlated the children's K-ARS mean totals, inattention scores, and hyperactivity/impulsivity scores with the genotypes and alleles for each SLC6A2 polymorphism. Results ： There were no significant differences in genotype and allele distribution for each SLC6A2 polymorphism, as shown by the Chi-square test (p>.01). There was a trend toward a difference in allele frequency in rs 5568, but it was not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons (p=.048). Also, there were no significant differences in K-ARS scores according to the genotypes and alleles for the SLC6A2 polymorphisms. Conclusion ： Our study found no significant evidence of an association between SLC6A2 polymorphisms and ADHD.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.497-507
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music intervention programs for children with ADHD in Korea through systematic review and meta-analysis. For this, nine researches of 1,856 articles published from 2000 to 2019 were reviewed which are experimental studies with the control groups in accordance with selection criteria. As the result of systematic review on four criteria, two or more in each of musical activities, intervention goals, and evaluation tools were employed in most of the nine studies, and there were frequently found studies on sociality and attentiveness. As the result of meta-analysis, there were shown that the overall effect scored medium effect size, and attention deficit and sociality marked low, while problem behavior did medium effect size. It is meaningful that this study showed the importance of using standardized evaluation tools in music intervention for children with ADHD, and it could be used as basic data to develop music intervention programs for them,