• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

This study was conducted to effect the cell activity and cytotoxicity of dentifrice. For the study, 6 kinds of general dentifrice, 3 kind of whitening dentifrice, 2 kinds of natural dentifrice and SLS(sodium lauryl sulfate) of positive control group. Immortalized human gingiva fibroblast cell was used for the study, WST test for cell activity and Agar diffusion test for cytotoxicity. Agar diffusion test showed high cytotoxicity in general dentifrice test group and whitening dentifrice test group, but low cytotoxicity in natural dentifrice test group. As a result of cell nucleus staining, cell shape and nuclear activity showed that the highest activity in natural dentifrice group, followed by whitening dentifrice group and general dentifrice group. As a result of this study, the cytotoxicity of different ingredient and according to the use to dentifrice. As a result of this study, we confirm cytotoxicity of kind and components according to the purpose of using dentifrice. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the detailed ingredients of dentifrice for the smart choice of consumers.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.435-441
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of dentifrice among preschoolers in an attempt to provide consumers with the right information on the choice of dentifrice and toothbrush for different age groups of children. The subjects in this study were parents who raised preschoolers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. A self-administered survey was conducted over approximately three months from May to July 2007 to find out the state of their children's use of dentifrice. After the collected data were analyzed, the following findings were given: The greatest group (51.5%) needed parental help with toothbrushing. The biggest group of the patients (35.6%) considered it necessary for children at the age of 6 and 7 to brush their teeth with the help of their parents. As to dentifrice squeezing and parental outlook on that, the biggest group of the parents (49.4%) replied their children squeezed the dentifrice for themselves, and the greatest group (42.2%) thought that children needed parental help with dentifrice squeezing by the age of five. Regarding dentifrice swallowing and parental perception of it, the biggest group (61.9%) saw their children swallowing the dentifrice, and the greatest group (73.7%) believed that children must not swallow the dentifrice. The biggest group of those who found it okay for children to swallow the dentifrice (62.5%) thought that it would be no problem to swallow the dentifrice for child. Concerning the use of toothbrushes, the biggest group (96.7%) had their children use toothbrushes for child. The above-mentioned findings of the study showed that the children who are at the age of 3 or down should use non-fluoride containing dentifrice or just a small amount of fluoride that is as equal as the size of a pea. Children must brush their teeth under the guidance of their parents, and sustained education should be provided about that.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.281-286
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface changes of enamel specimen, tooth structure by toothpastes in child and adult. Methods : Experimental teeth were collected from extracted human primary teeth. 120 enamel specimens were prepared by cutting the teeth into $2{\times}3{\times}2mm$ blocks using diamond saw and the specimens were assigned to 3 groups. Group 1 was used as control with no treatment. Group 2 was treated with child toothpaste and Group 3 was treated with adult toothpaste on primary enamel surface for 3 minutes daily over 4 weeks. The specimens were immersed into individual container having artificial saliva and the artificial saliva was changed every day. The electron probe micro analyzer(EPMA) provided weight percent(wt%) of calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) on enamel surface. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Tukey's test post-hoc test using SPSS(Version 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results : The surface changes of the primary teeth revealed a significant difference during 4 weeks. Calcium(Ca) and phosphorous(P) levels were found the weight percent difference and a rough enamel surface was seen on SEM after adult toothpaste application. Conclusions : The changes in Ca and P and the morphological surface were affected by the primary tooth treated with adult toothpaste. Enamel surface showed significant differences during 4 weeks.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.305-310
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• 2012

Through our entire life, oral care products such as toothpaste are used. Thus the safety of oral care products used every day to our mouth is very important. As the previous study in animal tests or clinical trials, surfactant in toothpaste may cause the oral irritation. However, EU cosmetics legislation prohibits animal testing of cosmetics and its ingredient for animal welfare. Therefore the development of alternative in vitro test has been actively performed to replace or reduce using the animal in many areas. However, the way to evaluate oral mucosal toxicity has been done using animal models or clinical trials from now on. Even more, the experiment with human oral 3D tissue or human oral cell line is used recently. The aim of this study is the development of oral mucosal irritation method without using animal for the safety of the oral care product. We developed in vitro test method for oral irritation by using human oral cell line (YD-38 cell) acceptable to toothpaste which contains insoluble material. By the results of this assay, we could discriminate toothpaste with or without irritating substance as same manner in animal studies reported previously. In addition, we confirmed that toothpaste for babies and children toothpaste irritated oral musoca lower than the general adult toothpaste. The present study suggest that this new in vitro method by using human oral cell line (YD-38 cell) could be used for evaluation of oral irritation without using animal.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.498-504
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• 2017

Oral health behavior such as toothbrushing one's teeth, using dentifrice and such are an important part of improving one's oral health and therefore quality of life. However, it is also necessary to research exposure to harmful chemical substances. Therefore, this study investigated the factors that affect researching fluorine exposure resulting from oral health behavior initiation so that correct oral health guidelines can be provided. As a result of applying the fluorine compound's oral exposure in the ConsExpo 5.0 model, adult males' oral external dose was at 0.000196 mg/kg, oral acute (internal) dose at 0.000196 mg/kg/day and oral chronic (internal) dose at 0.000465 mg/kg/day. In the case of females, the oral dose was at $4.1{\times}10^{-6}mg/kg$, oral acute (internal) dose at $4.1{\times}10^{-6}mg/kg$ and oral chronic (internal) dose at $9.99{\times}10^{-6}mg/kg/day$.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of (-)-epigalocatechin on Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. To test the antimicrobial effect of (-)-epigalocatechin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of against 4 strains of F. nucleatum, 2 strains of P. intermedia, and 2 strains of P. gingivalis was measured by broth dilution method. Time-kill curves were assessed for susceptible bacteria, testing $0{\times}MIC$ (control group), $0.5{\times}MIC$, $1{\times}MIC$, and $2{\times}MIC$ for (-)-epigalocatechin, by counting viable bacteria after 3, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440 minutes. The MIC of (-)-epigalocatechin was 0.312-0.625, 0.625, and 0.625 mg/ml on the strains of F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis, respectively. Time-kill curves demonstrated (-)-epigalocatechin had bactericidal activity on P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$, P. gingival is ATCC 53978, and F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme ATCC $51190^T$. The results suggest that (-)-epigalocatechin can be useful in developing the oral hygiene product such as tooth past and gargling solution for the prevention of periodontal diseases.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate the toothbrush abrasion characteristics of seven commercially available light-cured cervical restorative materials one resin-modified glass-ionomer material(Fuji II LC) three polyacid-modified composites(Compoglass, Dyract, F2000), and three light-cured composites(Heliomolar, Palpique Estelite, UniFil F). All samples were stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. 2.0N of weight was loaded during the test and the abraded surfaces were examined with profilometer and SEM after 100,000 cycles. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The highest hardness value of 79.7 was observed in the FT group and the lowest value of 20.0 was observed in the HM group. Results of Tukey test showed that an overall significant difference was indicated except the CG and DR groups(p<0.05). 2. The highest surface roughness was observed in the FL group and the lowest was observed in the UF group. Results of Tukey test showed the significant difference between the FL or FT and UF groups(p<0.05). 3. Statistically higher abrasion and surface roughness were observed for the dentifrice of paste type, Perio A+, than for that of gel paste type, Tom & Jerry. 4. The surface roughness values increased on the abraded surfaces because of the protrusion of filler particles due to selective removal of matrix resin.