• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of three relaxation techniques, namely, Static Stretching Exercise (SSE), Eccentric Contraction Exercise (ECE), and Suboccipital Muscle Release (SMR) on the flexibility and balance of the lower limb in adults with hamstring shortening. Methods: The participants were 45 adults in their 20s with hamstring shortening. They performed three exercises (i.e., SSE, ECE, and SMR) for two weeks. We measured flexibility, muscle tone and stiffness, proprioception, and balance before and after the intervention, applying each relaxation technique. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set at α=0.05. Results: Flexibility increased in the SSE, ECE, and SMR groups, with the SSE group showing the greatest improvement. Muscle tone and stiffness decreased in all groups, with the ECE group exhibiting the highest reduction. Proprioception increased in the SSE, ECE, and SMR groups, with SSE demonstrating the greatest enhancement. Balance also increased in all groups, with the ECE group showing the most pronounced improvement. Conclusion: Overall, all three relaxation techniques for hamstring shortening resulted in improved flexibility, muscle tone and stiffness, proprioception, and balance of the lower limb in adults with hamstring shortening. The findings of this study underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate technique according to the purpose of treatment and the condition of the patient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2024

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a stable and an effective system that protects cell-impermeable biologically active compounds such as nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides against degradation caused by subtle environmental changes. This study focuses on developing LNPs encapsulating gallic acid (GA), an antioxidant, to effectively prolong the half-life of tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate (THDC), a oil-soluble vitamin C derivative. These LNPs were synthesized in small, uniform sizes at room temperature and pressure conditions using a microfluidics chip. Compared to liposomes manufactured under high pressure and high temperature conditions through conventional microfluidizers, LNPs manufactured through microfluidics chips had excellent dispersion and temperature stability, and improved skin absorption as well as improved oxidative stability of fat-soluble vitamin C derivatives. Future studies will focus on ex vivo and in vivo evaluations to study skin improvement to further validate these results.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2024

Recently, deep learning technology has become those methods as de facto standards in the area of medical data representation. But, deep learning inherently requires a large amount of training data, which poses a challenge for its direct application in the medical field where acquiring large-scale data is not straightforward. Additionally, brain signal modalities also suffer from these problems owing to the high variability. Research has focused on designing deep neural network structures capable of effectively extracting spectro-spatio-temporal characteristics of brain signals, or employing self-supervised learning methods to pre-learn the neurophysiological features of brain signals. This paper analyzes methodologies used to handle small-scale data in emerging fields such as brain-computer interfaces and brain signal-based state prediction, presenting future directions for these technologies. At first, this paper examines deep neural network structures for representing brain signals, then analyzes self-supervised learning methodologies aimed at efficiently learning the characteristics of brain signals. Finally, the paper discusses key insights and future directions for deep learning-based brain signal analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1124-1139
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• 2021

The objective assessment of atrophy and the measurement of brain volume is important in the early diagnosis of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, several MR-based volumetry software have been developed. For their clinical application, several issues arise, including the standardization of image acquisition and their validation of software. Additionally, it is important to highlight the diagnostic performance of the volumetry software based on expert opinions. We instituted a task force within the Korean Society of Neuroradiology to develop guidelines for the clinical use of MR-based brain volumetry software. In this review, we introduce the commercially available software and compare their diagnostic performances. We suggest the need for a standard protocol for image acquisition, the validation of the software, and evaluations of the limitations of the software related to clinical practice. We present recommendations for the clinical applications of commercially available software for volumetry based on the expert opinions of the Korean Society of Neuroradiology.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 2017

We investigated perceptual similarity and the difference between client and vendor in information technology (IT) outsourcing projects. Specifically, we focused on each player's perception of how the fit of governance and peripheral knowledge affects the performance of IT project outsourcing. For 107 IT projects, we surveyed both client and vendor in the same IT projects and compared the responses of each side. Through a dyadic analysis, we first found that both client and vendor put more weight on the vendor's peripheral knowledge than that of the client as a positive influencer of project performance. However, regarding the governance style of an IT project, client and vendor showed completely different perspectives. The client believed that the vendor's peripheral knowledge positively contributes to the performance of IT project under the governance of outcome control. However, the vendor showed that its peripheral knowledge creates synergy effects under the governance of process control. Our interpretation of the perceptual similarity and difference between client and vendor delivers managerial implications for businesses that process IT projects.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2024

Given the concern about the reduction in birth rate in Korea today, the objective of this study was to examine the association between Work·Family Compatibility policy and parenting stress, focusing on sex and occupational groups. Data from the 13th year Panel Study on Korean Children were analyzed by descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance, and Duncan's post hoc test. The results of this study were as follows: First, the most commonly used aspect of the Work·Family Compatibility policy among both males and females was flextime, irrespective of occupational types. Also, flextime was the most used policy among professional workers. Second, regarding the use of related systems and parenting stress, it was found that all respondents perceived above average parenting stress. Specifically, the parenting stress scores of male users of flextime were higher than those of family care leave users. The parenting stress of military personnel were the lowest among males' occupational groups. Among females, the parenting stress scores of maternity leave users were higher than those of shorter workweek user. Diverse discussions and implications were suggested about promoting the usage of Work·Family Compatibility policy.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-32
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• 2024

Background: Exercise equipments and assistive devices for the disabled are being developed, but improvements for usability are still needed. The purpose of this study was to improve and utilize the developed exercise equipment and assistance devices by conducting usability test for people with spinal cord injury. Design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods: Scenarios and usability indicators were derived by conducting a preliminary usability test, 5 non-disabled men and women aged 19 or older. In the scenario, a total of 9 tasks were sequentially performed, including 2 tasks of entry and exit, 5 tasks of assistance devices and weight stack adjustment, and 2 tasks of pre exercise and exercise. The usability indicators were task success (success or fail), execution time (sec), safety, and convenience. For safety, 7 questions (Likert scale, 1~5 point) related to safety, stability and hazard were derived, and for convenience, the system usability scale (SUS score) was used (range: 0~100, 50 percentile rank is 68 point). Results: As a result of the usability test of people with spinal cord injury, there was a large variation among subjects in the task of adjusting the position of the pulley and support in the execution time (11.64~25.44 seconds), and one person failed to adjust the pulley. The safety level showed a lower score (score = 3 points) than other items in the item of entrapment or skin pressure, and in the case of SUS, the average score was 64.5 points, which was close to the acceptable level. Conclusion: Through the usability test, it was confirmed that exercise equipment for the disabled needs improvement in operability, pinching, and pressure, and that it is necessary to develop an assistive device that provides unrestrained posture information (biofeedback) to maintain correct posture during exercise.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.275-288
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of breathing techniques on trunk muscle activity and balance during Pilates reformer footwork exercises, comparing results both within and between groups before and after the intervention. Methods: Thirty-one adult women over the age of 20 were selected as subjects for this study. They were divided into a Pilates breathing group (n = 15) and a general breathing group (n = 16) using a randomized control group study design. A surface electromyogram was used to measure muscle activity within and between the groups before and after the reformer footwork exercise. Static balance measurements were taken while standing on two legs, and dynamic balance measurements were taken while standing on one leg. All measurements were taken three times, and the average values were used for analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that muscle activity increased with significant differences in the external oblique and transverse abdominal muscles after exercise in the pre-post comparison within the Pilates breathing group (p < 0.05). In the between-group comparison, there was a significant difference in the increase in muscle activity of the external oblique and transverse abdominal muscles in the Pilates breathing group (p < 0.05). In the pre-post comparison of static and dynamic balance within the Pilates breathing group, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) after exercise. The Pilates breathing group also showed a significant increase even in the between-group comparison (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed that reformer footwork exercise accompanied by Pilates breathing has positive effects on muscle activity and static balance ability of trunk muscles in adult women. Therefore, reformer footwork exercise accompanied by Pilates breathing can be presented as an effective exercise method to increase trunk stability and balance ability through the simultaneous activity of the trunk muscles.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2024

The laws and regulations governing the operation of government committees in Korea provide for a system called exclusion. Exclusion is a system that excludes a member of a committee from deliberating or voting on a matter or agenda without having to go through a special procedure before deliberating or voting on the matter or agenda. This is because exclusion of a member from deliberation and voting is not only essential for the protection of the interests of the parties to the issue or matter and the peaceful resolution of disputes, but is also a very important value for the trust in the fairness of the process. However, in practice, it is not easy to determine that a member who has a reason for disqualification is naturally incapable of executing the duties of the matter or agenda just because he or she has a reason for disqualification. Prior to the overhaul of the disqualification rules for committee members in the statutes, it is necessary to eliminate the disqualification rules that are virtually dead in advance or to revise the rules that are difficult to determine without interpretation, contrary to the intention of the disqualification rules that are codified in the law. Therefore, this study analyzed the disqualification rules of nine committees in the domestic statutes (laws and enforcement regulations) and categorized the disqualification rules. We hope to contribute to the preparation of future legislative proposals to improve the rules on the exclusion of commissioner.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1104-1109
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• 2007

Purpose : Since 1998, school urinary screening tests have been performed on Korean school children. We could detect and treat so many asymptomatic chronic renal disease in early stage. We investigated the efficacy of school urinary screening tests from children with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type I. Methods : We analyzed the characteristics and prognosis of 18 patients with MPGN type I who admitted after 1996 and received steroid therapy with or without cyclosporine. These patients were divided into two groups. Group A (asymptomatic patients detected by school urinary screening tests) consisted of 7 patients; Group S (symptomatic patients) consisted 11 patients. Results : Mean follow-up duration was 6.3 years (from 2 to 11 years). Urinary protein excretion was 1.1 g/day in group A and 6.6 g/day in group S. 24 hour creatinine clearance (mL/min/$1.73m^2$) was 134.3 in group A and 82.3 in group S. No patients in group A had renal insufficiency, but three patients in group S had renal insufficiency and one patient required peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion : Early detection by school urinary screening tests improves prognosis of MPGN type I.