• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.86-96
• /
• 1998

Newborn period is a transitional stage for independent adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life by maintaining respiration, temperature and nutrition. In general, the adaptability of the newborn is proportional to the gestational age(GA), so knowing the accurate GA is critical to develop nursing process in the newborn nursery. A newborn ma turity rating, a Ballard examination, has been used to measure GA by assessing the maturity of new-born. It consists a total of 12 items, which is the 6 items for the neuromuscular maturity and the 6 items for the physical maturity A total of 75 new-born were assessed for the maturity and GA using the Ballard examination. The results are follows : 1) The score of each item of Ballard examination is propotional to GA using the Ballard examination as well as LMP. 2) There was a greater positive relationship between neuromuscular, physical and total maturity, and the GA measured by Ballard examination, than the GA measured by LMP. 3) Any stressful environment to the newborn could influence to the maturity of newborn. In summary, the study showed the Ballard examination Is more reliable and clincially feasible method to measure the accurate G4 compared to the GA by LMP. Therefore, it suggests the application of Ballard examination to measure the new born maturity and GA is beneficial in developing nursing process. The expansion of the study with the variety of the subject characteristics nil on hance the clinical applicability of the examination.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was to find whether the perception of facial attractiveness is influenced by gender, age and kinds of affective dimensions(sharp/soft, babyish/mature). In the study the participants (48 elementary school students, 44 middle school students, 39 university students comprised of 60 males and 71 females) were shown the photos of sixty female faces and asked to grade each face on a nine point scale in three different dimensions (sharp/soft, babyish/mature, attractive/unattractive). Results using Multi-level analysis, faces that were babyish and soft were perceived as more attractive regardless of gender and age. But differences were found in the strength of facial attractiveness by gender and age. Two groups (elementary school students and middle school students) perceived the same photos of female faces to be less attractive than the university students. Also, male participants perceived the faces to be less attractive than female participants. Moreover the study showed a significant difference between university students and elementary school students in relation to the sharp/soft dimension and this dimension was more influential on elementary school students than university students. These results further suggest that if a face looks babyish and soft, then the face will be perceived as attractive regardless of gender or age. However, the degree of facial attractiveness perceived depends on the participant's gender and age.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.371-390
• /
• 2012

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean short version of the Big-Five Questionnaire for children, a instrument designed to measure Big-Five personality domains of elementary school students. The short Big-Five Questionnaire for children was composed of 15 items based on exploratory factor analyses on th data from 5th and 6th grade elementary school students(N=278). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed evidence of structural validity of the Korean short version BFQ-C. The correlations of K-BFQC-SF with the criteria of depression, academic achievement, career maturity were assessed to verify criterion-related validity. The correlation coefficients were correspondent to the results of previous studies. This study is meaningful in that it is sufficient to assess five factor personality domains in school settings.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.176-185
• /
• 2002

Knowing the accurate GA is critical in nursing care of high-risk newborns. A descriptive study was performed to examine the reliability and clinical applicability of the new Ballard examination (NBE) in high-risk infants. Method: A NBE was performed to measure GA by assessing the neuromuscular and physical maturity in the course of physical examination of a convenient sample of 50 high-risk infants. Results: 1) There was a highly correlation between both the GA by LMP (GA-LMP) and GA by NBE (GA-NBE) (r = .894, p = .000) 2) There was a greater positive relationship in neuromuscular maturity than physical maturity in the GA-NBE of the high-risk newborn (r = .657 versus r = .915, p <. 05). 3) The high-risk infants were thoes with congenital anomalies, prematurity, and RDS(Respiratory Distress Syndrome). Male infants showed a higher neuromuscular maturity, compared to female infants. 4) There was a positive correlation between neuromuscular, physical, total maturity, GA-LMP and GA-NBE in the birth weight, 1 minute Apgar score. Conclusion: The study supports the reliability an clinical relevance of NBE in assessment of the accurate GA in high-risk infants.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.53-63
• /
• 2003

We analyzed the relationships between facial impressions and physical features, and investigated the effects of impressions on facial similarity judgments. Using 79 faces extracted from a face database, we collected the ratings of impressions along four dimensions -mild-fierce, bright-dull, feminine-manly and youthful-mature- and the measures of 41 physical features. Multiple Regression Analyses showed that the ratings of impressions and the measures of features are closely connected with each other. Our experiments using facial similarity judgments confirmed the possibility that facial impressions are used in processing of facial information. We found that people tend to perceive faces as similar when they have the same impressions rather than neutral ones, although all of them are alike physically. These results imply that facial impressions are used as a psychological structure representing facial appearance, and that facial processing includes impression information.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 1998

정상 성인의 경우, 감성 개념의 내적 차원 구조는 쾌/불쾌 차원과 각성 차원이라는 2차원 구조에 원형의 체계적인 분포를 보이는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 2차원 구조가 얼마나 보편적이고 일관된 양상으로 나타나고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다 이를 위해 연구1에서는 아동 및 청소년에게 15개의 정서 관련 어휘로 이루어진 10i개의 단어 쌍에 대한 7점 척도의 유사성 평정을 시행하였으며, 연구 2에서는 정신분열증 환자에게 통일한 절차를 시행하였다 다차원 분석 결과, 1차원(초등5년:74%, 중등2 년:72%, 정신분열증 환자: 60%)과 2차원(초등5년: 18%, 중등2년16%, 정신분열증 환자: 11%)이 도출되었다 정상 성인의 경우와 마찬가지로 1차원은 쾌/불쾌 차원, 2차원은 각성 차원으로 해석될 수 있었다. 따라서, 감성 개념의 구조에 있어서 쾌/불쾌 및 각성은 인지적 성숙의 단계나 인지, 정서적 손상에 관계 없이 매우 일관되게 나타나는 비교적 안정적인 차원 구조인 것으로 생각된다. 다만, 발달 단계나 병리적 속성에 따라 각 차원의 비중치는 다소 차이를 보이는데, 아동 및 청소년의 경우, 주로 쾌/불쾌 차원을 통해 감성을 개념화 하는 특징을 보이며, 정신분열증 환자 집단의 경우, 1,2차원 모두 상대적으로 설명량이 낮은 것으로 나타나는데, 의 경우, 비중치가 더욱 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 통해 내적 차원 구조의 타당성 및 제한점에 관해 논의하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 2000

Objective：This was conduced to evaluate the effect of early intervention to promote the development of children with developmental disorders. Methods：49 children(31 in PDD group and 18 in DLD group) participated in a one year day treatment program conduced from 1996 to 1999. They were performed PEP, CARS, and SMS. They were grouped by diagnosis, comorbidity, chronological age and CARS score at the beginning of the program and the treatment effect was compared. Results：The children who participated in the day treatment program showed significant increase in their PEP, SMS score, and decrease trend in their CARS score. When children were grouped by diagnosis, comorbidity, chronological age, and severity in CARS score we did not find out significant difference between groups. Conclusion：Our data suggest that the day treatment program which emphasis on development is effective in treating children with developmental disorders.