• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.227-234
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• 2018

Guaranteeing the end-to-end delay deadline is an important issue for quality of service (QoS) of delay sensitive systems, such as real-time system, networked control system (NCS), and cyber-physical system (CPS). Most routing algorithms typically use the mean end-to-end delay as a performance metric and select a routing path that minimizes it to improve average performance. However, minimum mean delay is an insufficient routing metric to reflect the characteristics of the unpredictable wireless channel condition because it only represents average value. In this paper, we proposes a deadline-aware routing algorithm that maximizes the probability of packet arrival within a pre-specified deadline for CPS by considering the delay distribution rather than the mean delay. The proposed routing algorithm constructs the end-to-end delay distribution in a given network topology under the assumption of the single hop delay follows an exponential distribution. The simulation results show that the proposed routing algorithm can enhance QoS and improve networked control performance in CPS by providing a routing path which maximizes the probability of meeting the deadline.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.117-122
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• 2021

Autonomous driving allows cars to drive without people and is being studied very actively thanks to the recent development of artificial intelligence technology. Among artificial intelligence technologies, deep reinforcement learning is used most effectively. Deep reinforcement learning requires us to build a neural network using an appropriate activation function. So far, many activation functions have been suggested, but different performances have been shown depending on the field of application. This paper compares and evaluates the performance of which activation function is effective when using deep reinforcement learning to learn autonomous driving on highways. To this end, the performance metrics to be used in the evaluation were defined and the values of the metrics according to each activation function were compared in graphs. As a result, when Mish was used, the reward was higher on average than other activation functions, and the difference from the activation function with the lowest reward was 9.8%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.60-62
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 리눅스에서 제공하는 성능 분석 도구들을 활용하여 사용자가 원하는 모니터링 매트릭을 동적으로 등록하고 모니터링 할 수 있는 확장 가능한 하둡 응용 모니터링 서비스의 시계열 데이터 관리 방안을 다룬다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해서 시계열 데이터를 위한 관계형 데이터베이스인 TimeScaleDB를 사용하였으며 동적으로 변경가능한 모니터링 메트릭 데이터가 하이퍼테이블의 관리를 통해서 구조화된 밀집 데이터 형태로 효율적으로 관리될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1147-1156
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• 1992

In this paper, in order to apply the $\pi/4$ shift QPSK to TCM, we propose the $\pi/8$ shift 8PSK modulation technique and the trellis-coded $\pi/8$ shift 8PSK performing signal set expansion and partition by phase difference. In addition, the Viterbi decoder with branch metrics of the squared Euclidean distance of the first phase difference as well as the Lth phase different is introduced in order to improve the bit error rate(BER) performance in differential detection of the trellis-coded $\pi/8$ shift 8PSK. The proposed Viterbi decoder is conceptually the same as the sliding multiple detection by using the branch metric with first and Lth order phase difference. We investigate the performance of the uncoded $\pi/4$ shift QPSK and the trellis-coded $\pi/8$ shift 8PSK with or without the Lth phase difference metric in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) using the Monte Carlo simulation. The study shows that the $\pi/4$ shift QPSK with the Trellis-code i.e. the trellis-coded $\pi/8$ shift 8PSK is an attractive scheme for power and bandlimited systems and especially, the Viterbi decoder with first and Lth phase difference metrics improves BER performance. Also, the nest proposed algorithm can be used in the TC $\pi/8$ shift 8PSK as well as TCMDPSK.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.238-240
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• 1999

인터넷의 사용자 수는 매년 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 사회 전반에 걸쳐 인터넷에 대한 의존도도 더욱 높아가고 있으나, 현재 인터넷 환경에서는 사용자에 대한 서비스의 지연 및 단절 사태가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이에 대한 원인으로는 네트워크 자체보다는 서버에 의한 지연 현상이 더 심각한 것으로 보고되고 있다. 인터넷의 수요 및 전송량의 폭증에 따라 인터넷 서버의 병목현상이 더욱 심화될 것으로 예상됨에 따라, 인터넷 환경의 신뢰성 증대 및 성능 향상을 위해서는 인터넷 서버성능의 효과적인 관리가 중요하다. 현재 ISP들은 웹, 전자메일, FTP, DNS, Proxy 등 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위해 다수의 호스트들을 사용하고 있으며, 이러한 다수의 서버 시스템 관리를 위해서 많은 관리비용을 소모하고 있다. 그러나 지금까지의 인터넷 서버 관리 시스템들은 웹 중심의 서비스 관리와 로그 분석 기능만을 지원하고, 서버 시스템 자체의 성능관리 기능은 매우 미약한 형편이다. 본 논문에서는 인터넷 서버의 성능 메트릭을 정의하고, 인터넷 서버 성능 모니터링 시스템을 설계한다.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.5 s.108
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• pp.621-626
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• 2006

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructureless network that supports multi-hop communication. For the MANET nodes wishing to communicate with nodes in the wired Internet, the global Internet connectivity is required and this functionality can be achieved with the help of the Internet gateway. For the support of reliability and flexibility, multiple Internet gateways can be provisioned for a MANET. In this case, load-balancing becomes one of the important issues since the network performance such as the network throughput can be improved if the loads of the gateways are well-balanced. In this paper, we categorize the load-balancing mechanisms and propose a new metric for load-balancing. Simulation results show that our proposed mechanism using the hop distance and the number of routing table entries as a load-balancing metric enhances the overall network throughput.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.7-15
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• 2007

In wireless communication networks, single-radio single-channel architecture degrades throughput and end-to-end delay due to half-duplex transmission of wireless node and route intra interference. Also, In contention-based MAC (Medium Access Control) architecture, channel contention reduces throughput and packet collision enlarges end-to-end delay. In this paper, we use multi-radio multi-channel architecture which will make wireless node to operate in full duplex mode, and exclude route intra interference. Based on this architecture, we propose a new link metric, ccf which reflects the characteristics of a contention-based wireless link, and propose a routing path metric MCCR considering channel switching delay and route intra interference. MCCR is compared with MCR by simulation, the performance of a route established by MCCR outperforms the performance of a route by MCR in terms of throughput and end-to-end delay.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2017

In this paper, we have designed a MIMO system using a W-OFDM modulation scheme. And then, we have evaluated and analyzed synchronization performance of the system. In this paper, we have considered Schmidl's method, Minn's method, and Park's method. As simulation results, Schmidl's method has wide plateau of timing metric and Park's method has impulse-shape timing metric. Also, we can confirm that timing metric characteristic of synchronization estimator is not changed by adjusting extension length of W-OFDM system. Because of this, we can confirm that synchronization method of OFDM can be effectively used in MIMO system using W-OFDM modulation.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2019

Recently, there has been active researches about building an artificial intelligence agent that can learn how to play a game by using re-enforcement learning. The performance of the learning can be diverse according to what kinds of deep learning activation functions they used when they train the agent. This paper compares the activation functions when we train our agent for learning how to play a 2D shooting game by using re-enforcement learning. We defined performance metrics to analyze the results and plotted them along a training time. As a result, we found ELU (Exponential Linear Unit) with a parameter 1.0 achieved best rewards than other activation functions. There was 23.6% gap between the best activation function and the worst activation function.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

There has been the migration to a performance-based approach in many areas which include transition planning at global, regional and local levels, performance-based navigation and safety management. Achieving continuous success of Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems would require a performance-based approach to raise productivity and efficiency of it through performance measurements and reviews. This paper considers establishment planning of performance measurement and evaluation system for ATM. Related to key performance areas proposed by International Civil Aviation Organization, performance indicators and metrics which could be used to measure and evaluate ATM performance are presented. Also, organizational system and operational planning for efficient operation of ATM are presented.