• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.1311-1320
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• 2009

Childhood obesity has rapidly increased in Korea during the past 20-30 years. Approximately 1 of 10 children and adolescents is obese. Appropriate prevention and intervention measures urgently need. Obesity prevention starts early in life, i.e., obesity prevention and education begins during the period of fetal development in utero. Behavioral changes are the most positively reflected during pregnancy. Infants should be fed breast milk, and inculcated with healthy eating and behavioral habits during infancy to ultimately establish a healthy lifestyle in children. For achieving a lifestyle and behavior that successfully allow children to overcome obesity, although individual motivation is important, active support of parents and family members is also imperative. Health care providers should also make an effort to actively prevent obesity and take necessary intervention actions. Although the efforts of individuals, family, and healthy care providers are important to prevent the rapid increase in obesity, primary prevention should be encouraged at a higher level. Schools should specifically aim at improving nutrition and physical activity by allocating times for healthy eating, playing, and physical education. Moreover, local communities should provide support by funding for safe recreational environments, such as playgrounds and walking tracks. Public health strategies in community and national policies, such as city planning, food marketing, and advertisements, are required for primary prevention of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.329-341
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine vegetable & fruit (V/F) intakes, beliefs and self-efficacy regarding V/F consumption, nutrition knowledge and eating behavior of elementary students. A survey was conducted to the 4th graders (n = 234) at two elementary schools in Guri, Kyunggi-do. About one-fourth of subjects were overweight or obese. Subjects had 4.2 servings of V/F a day, consuming 340.2 g of V/F. Girls consumed significantly more amounts of vegetables than boys (p < 0.05). Girls were more favorable regarding V/F consumption (p < 0.01), and believed more strongly on advantages of having V/F such as “good for skin” constipation prevention (p < 0.001) and cancer prevention (p < 0.05). Boys felt more strongly in disadvantages or barriers of eating V/F, including mother's cooking time constraints (p < 0.01), lack of past experience of eating V/F, and family members' disliking of V/F (p < 0.05). Girls felt more confident in eating V/F (p < 0.05) than boys; they also felt more confident in specific items of "eating fruits/salads instead of cookies/chips for snack" and "eating fruit juice/vegetable juice instead of soda"(p < 0.01). Subjects showed low level of nutrition knowledge, especially in items such as balanced meals, recommended servings of V/F and vitamin deficiency. Compared to boys, girls had more desirable eating behavior such as eating adequate amount of meals (p < 0.001), having a variety of foods, eating fruits daily, and having fatty foods less frequently (p < 0.05). Intakes of Ca and K were quite below the recommended level, while the intakes of protein, Na and vitamin A intake were much above the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for 9-11 old children. Nutrient intakes expressed as %DRI was higher in girls for vitamin A (p < 0.01), energy and riboflavin (p < 0.05). High V/F consumption group (${\geq}5$ servings of V/F a day) compared to the counterparts showed higher self-efficacy and had better eating behaviors. Nutrition education for children should focus on increasing consumption of V/F, by helping them to increase self-efficacy for eating V/F and to recognize the benefits and reduce the barriers of eating V/F, especially in boys. It is also needed to provide nutrition information for balanced meals or increasing V/F consumption, and help the children to adopt desirable eating behavior.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.982-995
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• 2002

This study was conducted to provide basic information on the nutritional status and dietary behaviors of the deaf teenagers. The subjects of this study were 87 deaf-mute high school students in Pusan and Kyung-nam area and, in comparison,90 general high school students in Ham-an area. The survey was investigated by using a self-administered questionnaire. The results were as follows: Deaf-mute group was consisted of 63.2% male and 36.8% female, and mean of height and weight of male were 171.2 cm and 61.9kg, female were 158.0cm and 51.7kg. Obesity index and body mass index (BMI) were normal range in both deaf-mute and normal groups. The average nutrition knowledge score of the deaf-mute group was 6.8 $\pm$ 1.5 out of possible 10 points, that was significantly lower than 7.3 $\pm$ 0.8 of the normal group (p<0.01). The mean of self-control and conscious control scores in the eating behaviors of the deaf-mute group were 2.6 $\pm$ 1.2 and 2.4 $\pm$ 1.3 out of possible 5 points from each item, which was significantly higher than 2.1 $\pm$ 1.3 and 1.8 $\pm$ 1.4 of the normal group (p< 0,01). Nutrients consumed below 90% of Korean RDA were energy (79.9%), Ca (71.5%) for deaf-mute male students and Ca (88.5%) for deaf-mute female students. Energy (71.4%), protein (87.8%), Ca (74.8%), vitamin B$_1$ (83.4%) intake of normal male students and energy (72.8%), Ca (71.2%), Fe (78.7%) intake of normal female students were below 90% of Korean RDA. Energy, protein, fat, vitamin B$_1$, niacin intake of deaf-mute male students were significantly higher than normal male students and all nutrients intake of deaf-mute female students were significantly higher than normal female students. By the correlation of nutrients intakes with nutrition knowledge, there was positive correlation with the intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin A, vitamin B$_2$, and vitamin C in the deaf-mute group, while there was negative correlation with the nutrients intakes (except for protein and fat) in the normal group. The amount of meal, breakfast, regularity of meal time, frequency of snacks showed a positive relation to nutrient intakes in deaf-mute group and amount of meal, breakfast, regularity of meal time, frequency of overeating showed a positive relation to nutrient intakes in normal group. The nutrition knowledge had no correlation with food habits or eating behaviors in both groups.(Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 982~995, 2002)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 2001

This study describes the application of the stages of change construct to fat intake by examining the associations of the stages of change with nutritional status and beliefs on health behavior. Data were obtained from apparently healthy 596 adults(326 females and 270 males) residing in large cities. Stages of change assessed by an algorithms based on 6 items were designed each subject into one of the 5 stages: precontemplation(PC), contemplation(CO), preparation(PR), action(AC) and maintenance(MA). Beliefs on health behavior were assessed by self efficacy as well as 4 belief scales from the Locus of Illness Control(LIC) developed using factor analysis such as internal disease cure and prevention and external disease cure and prevention. Energy and fat intakes were measured by a 39 item short form food frequency questionnaire. Regarding the 5 stages of change, MA stage comprised the largest group(37.9%), followed by Ac(30.7%), PC(11.4%), CO(10.4%) and PR(9.6%). Subjects who were females, older or healthier were more likely to belong to either AC or MA. Stage assignment of individuals was corroborated by their nutritional variables. Those in PC had the most energy and fat and those in MA ate the least for females. BMI was higher in PR than any other stages for both males and females. Those in PC were distinctive in that they were more externally oriented in terms of health control showing higher scores on external disease prevention(for males) and external disease cure(for females), and lower score on internal disease cure. On the other hand, those in MA received the highest scores on internal disease prevention and self efficacy, which suggested that they were more internally oriented. Canonical discriminant function analysis indicated that the 5 stages were importantly discriminated by BMI, self efficacy, internal disease prevention and external disease prevention for males and by fat intake, self efficacy and external disease cure variables for females. The results of our study confirm differences in stages of change in fat intake in terms of nutritional status and beliefs on heath behavior and indicate the need for taking these phases of change into account in nutrition advice. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 222-229, 2001)

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.127-131
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• 2006

본 연구는 VGIS(Virtual Geographic Information System)을 이용, 환경친화적인 도로건설을 위해 실제 좌표를 사용하므로 3차원 도로의 선형과 구조물을 설계하였다. 그리고 시공 중에 발생 할 수 있는 민원문제 및 설계변경 시 효율적인 의사결정 할 수 있도록 하였다. 대상지역은 전라남도 장흥군의 최대 역점사업인 관광을 테마로 한 정남진 가는 길을 컨셉으로 한 '가고 싶은 길', '보고싶은 다리', '기억하고픈 터널'을 주제로 설계하였으며 명실공히 남도의 새로운 관광명소가 될 자연관광도로가 될 것으로 기대된다. 기존의 3차원 설계에서는 평면적인 선형과 구조물의 형상을 이해하는데 상당한 시간이 소요되었지만, 구조물을 3차원으로 설계함으로써, 비전문가라도 구조물을 쉽게 파악할 수 있었다. 그리고 3차원 설계는 기존 구조물과 신설될 구조물 사이에 공사 중 발생할 수 있는 환경 및 민원문제를 사전에 파악할 수 있었다. 또한, 실제와 같이 구현된 도로와 구조물의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 기존의 각종 의사 결정에 있어 보다 시각적 효과를 증진시켜 효율적인 의사결정을 가능하게 하였다. 본 연구에서는 실제 평면 설계에 쓰이는 좌표 값을 3차원설계에 적용하였다. 도로 노선 및 경관분석에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 보이며 VGIS를 이용하므로 도시계획, 식물, 토양, 수로 또는 도로형태, 홍수계획 등 많은 일들이 평가에 사용된다. 여기서는 구조물 3차원 설계에 관한 기초적인 연구를 시행하였으며, 3차원설계를 통해 의사결정 시 효율적인 판단을 할 수 있었고, 환경 친화적 시공 및 설계에 대한 연구가 이루어 져야 될 것으로 판단된다.상의 "일반원칙의 통용"을 계약성립(Formation of Contract)의 과정별로 정리하였다.의 가치, 생활의 편익 등을 증대한다는 믿음 때문이다. 한편 현실은 여러 가지 역기능이 함께 나타나고 있다. '네티즌 윤리강령'까지 선포했지만, 진정한 네티즌 윤리는 강령을 선포했다고 저절로 확립되는 것이 아니다. 네티즌 각자의 실천의지가 있어야 한다. 인류가 새로운 이상향이라고 추구하는 가상사회는 윤리적인 사고와 행동으로 질서를 유지하지 못하면 인류의 밝은 미래는 보장할 길이 없다. 21세기 정보화 사회, 인터넷 사회를 맞이한 우리는 이 세상을 참으로 살기 좋은 세상으로 만들어야 할 고귀한 책무를 안고 있다. 아무리 험한 길, 어려운 과제라 할지라도 그 목표를 잃어서는 안 되며, 그 해답을 얻는 노력을 결코 게을리 해서는 안 된다.기여한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 이들 프로그램은 특히 보조금을 통해 어선의 제3국 영구이전과 낡고 비효율적인 어선의 신조를 가속화시킨 것으로 보고되고 있다.받고 그 의견에 대한 결과를 게시하여 학생들이 제공되기 원하는 식단을 급식 시 제공하여 학생들이 식단선택에 동참할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것이 바람직하겠다. 또한 영양사는 학급의 반대표와의 정기적인 모임을 가짐으로서 학생들의 불만사항 및 개선 요구사항에대해 서로 의견을 교환하여 설문지조사가 아닌 직접적인 대화를 하여 문제점을 파악하고자 하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하겠다. 특히 아침식사의 결식 빈도가 높았고 이는 급식성과에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 학교에서 제공하는 음식의 섭취정도에도 영향을 주고 있으므로 학생들에게 학부모와 전담교사 및 학교영양사는 학생들에게 이상적

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

Based on the previous studies on alcohol effects on human behavior and performance in transportation system such as airplane and car driving, the alcohol exposure before and on watch of a ship has a great influence on subsequent behavior. In this paper, to examine the drinking status of officers on board multiple choice questionnaires are circularized under instruction and surveyed for 118 officers. According to the results of the questionnaire survey on alcohol dependance (Alcoholism) that was invested by WHO, over 27% of those surveyed represented alcohol abuse symptoms. In addition to that, the existing state and awareness for on-board-drinking was summarized to make a scenario of drunk-operation with a ship handling simulator to investigate the effect of alcohol (0.08 g% blood alcohol concentrations) on ship operational performance. A main effect for alcohol was found indicating that ship operational performance was comparatively impaired by this alcohol relative to performance in the non-alcohol condition. The results of this research can be applied to minimize marine acciedents as basic data.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.335-343
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate types of injury inflicted by the stone leek leafminer, Liriomyza chinensis Kato (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on welsh onion. A feeding scar made by an adult female was a hole round in shape, with diameter of 0.08 mm and 0.48 mm in lesion, resulting in a white spot, many of which often form vertical dotted lines on a leaf. Egg spots were oval with 0.1 ${\times}$0.14 mm in size, one or several of which often form a V-shape in group. Feeding by adults began immediately after emergence and was very active from 4th to 5th day. Oviposition was done from 2nd to 6th day after emergence. In both feeding and oviposition, they were more active in the day time. Larvae after emergence crawled up the leaf at first, and then moved up and down to feed on mesophyll. When in high density, they feed on leaf from leaf tip to bottom, and let the leaf die. Area of damage per one larva was calculated as 72.1 $\textrm{mm}^2$. The aged larvae escaped from the leaf in early morning, usually between 5 and 7 am. Most pupation sites were distributed near plants,5cm in soil depth and within 10 cm away from the plant. Pupae of L. chinensis overwintered 10cm below soil surface and emerged from early May to late June the next year Adults then moved to welsh onions near over wintering sites, nursery, transplanted, and levee.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2009

중학교 식생활 단원 교육은 신체적 성장이 왕성한 청소년기에 접어진 학생들이 올바른 식생활을 하여 건강 유지 및 정상적인 성장발달을 하는데에 꼭 필요한 내용이다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 학생들이 식생활단원 교육을 통해 교육내용의 활용정도나 전반적인 식생활 태도에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 대전지역에 소재하는 4개 중학교 3학년 학생을 대상으로 2008년 12월 5일~16일까지 설문지조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상자의 성별은 여학생이 48.9%, 남학생이 51.1%이고 학생들의 부모의 연령은 40-49세가 각각 81.4%, 86.7%를 차지하고 부모의 직업에서 아버지는 사무직(34.4%)이 가장 많고 어머니는 가정주부가 44.5%로 가장 많았다. 부모의 학력은 대부분 고졸이상이며 가족형태는 핵가족이 90.5%이고 부모의 한 달 총수입은 500만 원 이상이 32.6%로 가장 많았다. 식생활단원 교육 후에 식생활에 대한 관심정도는 '관심이 생긴 편이다'(36.4%), '그저 그렇다'(33.8%)가 많았고 남 여 학생의 경향이 비슷하였다. 교육 후 가장 변화된 점은 '간단한 조리를 할 수 있게 되었다' 가 38.6%로 가장 높은 반면 '아무 변화가 없다'도 34.4%나 되었다. 식생활 태도에서는 5점 likert 점수에서 '식사시간이 규칙적이다'(3.36), '골고루 섭취한다'(3.39), '식사준비를 돕는다'(3.07)에서 보통 이상의 점수로 양호한데, 한편 '내가 먹은 음식의 영양분과 열량에 관해 알고 있다'가 2.57로 잘 모르는 편이고 '다이어트 보조음식이나 약을 먹는다'가 1.48로 그렇지 않은 편이었다. 식생활단원의 활용도에서는 5점 likert 점수에서 '성분과 유통기한을 확인한다'(3.93), '간단한 음식을 직접 만들 수 있다'(3.80)가 높은 점수이었고, 남학생이 여학생보다 '성분과 유통기한 확인한다'(P<.01), '조리기구는 안전하고 위생적으로 사용할 수 있다'(P<.05)에서 유의적으로 높았다. 이 활용도에 대한 학생들의 가정환경과의 상관성에서는 부모의 학력이 고졸 이상에서 중졸이하보다 유의적으로 높았고(P<.001), 부모의 직업의 경우, 아버지가 무직인 경우, 어머니가 가정주부인 경우에 직업을 가진 부모의 학생들에 비하여 유의적으로 활용도가 낮았다(P<.01). 부모의 한 달 총수입과의 상관성에서는 400~500만원 미만의 경우에 다른수준보다 유의적으로 활용도가 높았다(P<.05). 따라서 식생활단원 교육에 의해 변화가 없는 학생들도 상당히 많아 교육방법의 개선이 필요하며 그 활용도가 가정환경과 상관성이 있음을 파악할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2017

Consumption of high doses of ethanol can lead to amnesia, which often manifests as a blackout. This incoordination of blackout may be a major cause in various social problems in alcohol consumption. However, there is still no treatment for preventing these alcohol-induced problems. Hydrangeae dulcis folium is a drug or a tea which is made from the fermented and dried leaves of Hydrangea serrata Seringe. The present study, we tested the ethanol extract of the Hydrangeae dulcis folium (EHDF) on ethanol-induced psychological deficits. To test behavioral deficits, an object recognition test was conducted using a mouse model. To evaluate synaptic deficits, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potential EPSP and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the mouse hippocampal slices were tested, as they are known to be vulnerable to ethanol and are associated with ethanol-induced amnesia. In the tests, ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) impaired object recognition memory, but EHDF (10 or 30 mg/kg) prevented this impairment in object recognition test. Interestingly, EHDF ($30{\mu}g/ml$) significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced LTP and NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampal slices. EHDF prevented ethanol-induced object recognition memory deficits induced by ethanol. Interestingly, EHDF significantly ameliorated ethanol-induced LTP and NMDA receptor- mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampal slices.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-51
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• 2006

With well-being boom recently, the common people, but not experts, are increasingly taking in them directly by picking wild herbs. However, only experts can distinguish between edible vegetables and poisonous herbs from the wild herbs. Especially, it is not even easy for experts to distinguish them only by looking into buds in spring without flowers or fruit. So, sometimes many patients are being carried into the emergency room by the toxic symptom after taking by misunderstanding the poisonous herbs as edible vegetables. For herb intoxication as well as drug intoxication, what kinds of vegetables patients took in, and when and how much they took in them are important information for curing. Of course, in the case of intoxicating in the wild herbs, the patients can have a lot of symptoms and sings-hemodynamic alteration and abnormal neurologic sign as well as gastrointestinal symptoms-according to the kinds of herbs which they took in. Therefore, it is difficult to find the kinds of herbs which they took in through the specific symptoms. Recently we experienced a case with showing typical anticholinergic symptoms after ingestion of Scopolia japonica. As a result, the publicity activities about the wild plants needs because if the person without their previous knowledge take in the poisonous herbs, serious side effects can be produced..