• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2007

Microorganisms which can degrade organic compounds such as proteins, lipids, and cellulose in food wastewater, were isolated from food wastewater, livestock wastewater, earthworm, and etc. Among these, eleven strains which showed higher degrading activities against three organic compounds, were finally isolated, characterized, and identified. Nine strains were found to be Bacillus species, and other two were to be Enterobacter sp. and Pantoea agglomerans. The strains FWB-5 (Bacillus pumilus), FWB-6 (B. lichenisformis) and OD-4 (Pantoea agglomerans), isolated from food wastewater and livestock wastewater, respectively, showed higher three enzyme activities to organic compounds, especially to cellulose, compared to other strains. The optimal growth conditions for the great enzyme activities were at $37^{\circ}C$ with pH 7.0 for FWB-5 and OD-4 strains, whereas, these were at $25^{\circ}C$ with pH 7.0 for FWB-6 strain.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.197-203
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• 1978

Voluminous studies have been carried out on the utilization of cellulosic materials as a raw material for the production of sugar or single cell protein. The structural complexity of the substrate generated problems in the research works as well as in the application of the results obtained in the researches. This review outlines the physical ana chemical properties of cellulosic materials obtained from researches in the field other them biology.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.629-632
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• 2001

The strain FJ1 isolated from a rotten wood showed high activity to hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. The strain produced largely enzymes related in hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, such as CMCase, xylanase, ${\beta}-glucosidase$ , and avicelase. The culture conditions(pH, temperature, inoculation concentration) and substrate specificity to various cellulosic materials were examined to elevate productivity of the enzymes. The enzyme activities of CMCase and xylanase were 13.5U/ml and 24.3U/ml in agitation culture using Mandel's medium, respectively. The high activity of the enzymes was earned when mixed cellulosic materials of rice straw, sawdust, and pulp as substrates, indicating that the strain FJ1 could use crystalline substrates.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 1981

Osmotically sensitive fungal protoplasts were liberated from the mycelium of several kinds of molds by mixed enzyme system of cellulase from Trichoderma viride $TO_4$ and chitinase from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. 115-5. Relatively higher number of protoplast were released from young mycelium of Zygomycetes strains than Ascomycetes strains by using 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) and 0.6 M NaCl as osmotic stabilizer. Protoplasts were released through ruptures in the wall, initially at the apices, but later also from old party of the hyphae.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.639-646
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• 2007

To evaluate the effect of fiber sources on chewing activity, five sheep were consecutively fed diets containing 45% of a fiber source selected from 7 tested fiber sources of alfalfa hay cube(AHC), corn cob (CC), corn silage(CS), cotton seed hull(CSH), peanut hull(PHL), rice straw(RS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Number of chew showed significantly higher value in CC(p<0.001) then other sources. RS and CC had highest(p<0.01) rumination times of 352 and 367 min/d, respectively. CC also showed the highest number of chew per kg NDF intake(p<0.01), but rumination time per kg NDF intake showed no difference except CSH(p<0.001). These results suggest that chewing activities were greatly affected by the fiber sources, and therefore it should be accounted in the formulation for ruminant feed.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization the fraction conditions of xylose from pepper stem with dilute sulfuric acid. The independent variables were acid concentration in the range of 1.134 to 2.866%, reaction temperatures in the range of 142.68 to $177.32^{\circ}C$, and hydrolysis time in the range of 6.34 to 23.66 min. were studied. The dependent variables were xylose yield from pepper stem, and the production of by-products, for example, furfural, acetic aicd, HMF etc. Experimental results had a good match with statistical result. The maximum xylose yield obtained in this experiment was 71% concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1660-1668
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• 2007

The non-ionic surfactant (NIS) Tween 80 was evaluated for its ability to influence invitro cumulative gas production, dry matter digestibility, cellulolytic enzyme activities, anaerobic microbial growth rates, and adhesion to substrates by mixed rumen microorganisms on rice straw, alfalfa hay, cellulose filter paper and tall fescue hay. The addition of NIS Tween 80 at a level of 0.05% increased significantly (P<0.05) in vitro DM digestibility, cumulative gas production, microbial growth rate and cellulolytic enzyme activity from all of substrates used in this study. In vitro cumulative gas production from the NIS-treated substrates; rice straw, alfalfa hay, filter paper and tall fescue hay was significantly (P<0.05) improved by 274.8, 235.2, 231.1 and 719.5% compared with the control, when substrates were incubated for 48 hr in vitro. The addition of 0.05% NIS Tween 80 to cultures growing on alfalfa hay resulted in a significant increase in CMCase (38.1%), xylanase (121.4%), Avicelase (not changed) and amylase (38.2%) activities after 36 h incubation. These results indicated that the addition of 0.05% Tween 80 could greatly stimulate the release of some kinds of cellulolytic enzymes without decreasing cell growth rate in contrast to trends reported with aerobic microorganism. Our SEM observation showed that NIS Tween. 80 did not influence the microbial adhesion to substrates used in the study. Present data clearly show that improved gas production, DM digestibility and cellulolytic enzyme activity by Tween 80 is not due to increased bacterial adhesion on the substrates.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.667-676
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of cellulolytic microbes inoculation to sawdust-based spent mushroom substrate(SMS) during deepstacking on fermentation parameters, total microbial counts and cellulolytic enzyme activity and to on SMS nutrients utilization by sheep. For sheep metabolism trials, six sheep(ram, average 54.8kg) were fed a Control diet(70% concentrates, 15% rice straw and 15% SMS with no microbial treatment on a dry basis) and a Treatment diet(the same diet including SMS with a microbial treatment) for 2 trials. Spent mushroom substrates with or without a microbial(4 strains including 1 strain of Enterobacter ludwigii, 1 strain of Bacillus cereus and 2 strains of Bacillus subtillis) treatment (1% of SMS on wet basis) were deepstacked for 7 days. The internal temperatures in 1.2 M/T of SMS deepstacks reached to 50±5℃ within 7 days of storage. Total microbial counts remarkably decreased (P<0.05) with a deepstacking process and were not affected(P>0.05) by the microbial treatment. For fibrolytic enzyme activity, CMCase and xylanase activities were decreased(P<0.05) by a deepstacking process. After deepstacking, the microbial treatment showed about 2.5-times higher(P<0.05) for CMCase activity and about 4-times higher(P<0.05) for xylanase activity than those of the Control. Activities of ligninolytic enzymes such as laccase and MnP were not affected by the microbial treatment. The sheep fed the microbially treated SMS diet had a tendency of greater total tract digestibilities of ash(P=0.051), NFE (P=0.071), hemicellulose(P=0.087) and NDF(P=0.096) than those fed the untreated SMS diet. Nitrogen balance of sheep was not affected(P>0.05) by feeding of microbially treated SMS. Accordingly, these results indicate that cellulolytic microbes inoculation during deepstacking of SMS may improve the bio- utilization of SMS by sheep.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.150-153
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• 2005

Although each part of Trichosanthes kirilowii is frequently used as medicinal herbs, study on the chemical composition is not sufficient. It was found that sarcocarp consists of 70% of carbohydrate, 13% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 6% of crude fiber and 6% of crude ash; seed consists of 62.59% of carbohydrate, 12.75% of crude protein, 14.80% of crude fat, 6.50% of crude fiber and 3.36% of crude ash; and root consists of 89.40% of carbohydrate, 4.10% of crude protein, 0.50% of crude fat, 3.50% of crude fiber and 2.50% of crude ash. Sarcocarp and seed contain fifteen kinds of amino acids such as Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, His, Arg, Thr, Ala, Pro, Try, Cys, Met, Val, Leu, and Phe. Sarcocarp contain large quantities of phenylalanine and glycine and seed does not contain leucine but lysine. The mineral contents in Trichoxanthes kirilowii are 0.55% Ca, 0.91% Mg, 10.29% Na, and 0.17% K.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1974.06a
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• pp.124.2-124
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• 1974

전보에서 분리ㆍ등정한 섬유소 분해력이 강한 세균을 이용하여 볏짚에서 단세포단백을 생산할 목적으로 각종 알카리에 의한 볏짚의 전처리 효과를 살펴보았다. 즉, 규정농도의 알카리 용액에 24시간 실온에서 침지하여 중성이 될때까지 수세하고 건조시켜 무기염 용액에 4％첨가하여 5일간 진탕 배양한 후 균체량 증가 및 기질의 감소를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.(중략)