• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-46
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• 2017

Physician's Duty of Information is classified into three categories by legal function: 'Duty of Information to Report' to fulfill the patient's right to know; 'Duty of Information to Guide' patient's convalescing and staying healthy; 'Duty of Information to Contribute' to patient's self-determination. We classify the physician's duty of information because the legal effect from the breach of duty varies accordingly. The legal effect is focused on damage compensation responsibility for breach of duty. When a physician violates 'Duty of Information to Report', he subjects himself to liability of compensation for infringing on the patient's 'Right to Know'. When a physician violates 'Duty of Information to Guide', she subjects herself to liability for general medical malpractice. Finally, when a physician violates 'Duty of Information to Contribute', the physician is basically liable for violation of the patient's 'Right to Self- Determination' which refers to infringement on freedom of choice. However, in the case of situation that patient's refusal to the medical treatment would be presumed, the physician bears all liability for the patient's damage which includes both of property and mental damage.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-140
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• 2019

The Bioethics and Safety Act provides a set of rules to regulate biobanks and research activities using human biological material, but the law seems to be defective in several folds. The law requires that, prior to collection or use of human biological materials, researchers should obtain the informed consent of the donors, but the law does not obligate biobanks to do so. Even in cases where the law requires informed consent, the ordinance of the Ministry of Health and Welfare allows open (or blanket) consent. In addition, a new article in the Act, Article 42-2 which will take effect from October 24, 2019, allows medical institutions to provide biobanks with remaining biospecimens collected in the course of diagnosis and treatment, unless the donors express their intent to opt-out, without obtaining specific consent from them. Given the need to protect the autonomy of donors and the unique characteristics of biobanks and research activities that use human biological materials, this paper concludes that such open consent-based law may not be suitable to protect the autonomy of the donors and that the broad consent requirement may be a desirable policy option. The paper acknowledges that the international community has long questioned whether broad consent (as well as open consent) is an effective choice to regulate the use of human biological materials. The paper stresses that the baseline requirement in designing the law is that the secondary use of human biological materials should be based on informed consent of the donors; the core value of the law should be a governance structure that promotes transparency and protects donor participation.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-80
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• 2022

By analyzing informed consent and the refusal of emergency medical treatment (called patient dumping) under the current Emergency Medical Service Act, this study suggests that an emergency medical professional is only liable for patient dumping if their duty to protect the patient's life takes precedence over the patient's right to self-determination. In emergency medical situations, as in general medical situations, medical treatment should be performed after the emergency medical professional informs the patient about the medical treatment, including its necessity and methods, and obtains consent from the patient. Refusing or evading the performance of emergency medical services on the excuse of the informed consent not considering a waiver or alteration of informed consent requirements without reasonable reasons violates the Emergency Medical Service Act and thus makes an emergency medical professional liable to administrative disposition or criminal penalty. In other words, depending on the existence of a waiver of alteration of the informed consent, patient dumping may be established. If the patient is a minor or has no decision-making ability, and their legal representative makes a decision against the patient's medical interests, the opinion of the legal representative is not unconditionally respected. A minor also has the right to decide over their body, and the decisions of their legal representatives should be in the patient's best interests. If the patient refuses treatment, in principle, the obligation of life protection of emergency medical professionals is the top priority. However, making these decisions in the aforementioned situations in the emergency medical field is difficult because of the absence of explicit regulations regarding these exceptional problems. This study aims to organize the following precedents of the Supreme Court of Korea. The court states that, when balancing the conflicting interests between the duty to provide emergency medical service and the duty to inform is unavoidable for emergency medical professionals, they should put the duty to protect the patient's life ahead of the duty to inform if the patient's life matters. Exceptionally, when a patient has seriously considered whether they should receive treatment before the emergency medical situation, their right to self-determination can be considered equal to the obligation of emergency medical professionals to provide emergency medical treatment. This research also suggests that an amendment of the Emergency Medical Service Act should include the following. First, the criteria for determining the decision-making ability of emergency patients should consist of medical content. Second, additional consent from a medical professional is unnecessary for first-aid treatment. Finally, new provisions for emergency medical obligations for minors, new provisions for the decision standard when there are conflicting opinions about the treatment of a patient, and new penalty provisions for professionals who suspend emergency medical examinations and treatments need to be established.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.08a
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• pp.371-374
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• 1998

기존에 제안되어 있는 MSF 멀티미디어 파일을 이용하여 음성화일에 동화상 얼굴정보 및 문자정보를 부가할 수 있는 소프트웨어 및 임의의 소리화일에 동영상 얼굴정보를 부가하는 소프트웨어를 구현하는 과정과 결과를 설명한다.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-32
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• 2020

Under the Korean case law, physicians are obliged to disclose or inform the risk associated with a specific treatment to their patients before they perform the treatment. If they fail to do this, they are liable to compensate pain and sufferings. If the patient can establish that he or she would not have consented at all to the treatment had he or she been informed, the physicians are liable to compensate all the loss incurred by the treatment. In this article, the author examines the legitimacy of this case law from the perspective of legal doctrine as well as its practical affect on the medical practice and the furtherance of self-determination of the patient. The fundamental findings are as follows: The case law that has physicians who failed to inform treatment risk compensate pain and sufferings for the infringement of the right of self-determination seems to be a disguised and reduced compensation of all the loss based on the possible malpractice, which cannot be justified in view of the general principles of tort liability. It is necessary to adhere to the requirements of causation and imputation between the failure to inform treatment risk and the specific patient's consent to the treatment. If this causation and imputation is established, all the loss should be compensated. Otherwise, there shall be no liability. The so-called hypothetical consent defence shall be regarded as a part of causation between the failure to inform and the consent. The suggested approach can preserve the essence of physician-patient relationship and fit for the very logic of informed consent better.

• 방재와보험
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• s.148
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• pp.44-51
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• 2013

대리운전업체에 소속되어 있는 대리운전자가 대리운전 보험에 가입한 경우, 보험료는 대리운전자가 직접 부담하는 경우가 대부분이나 계약당사자인 보험계약자는 대부분 대리운전업체로 되어 있다 보니 약관내용에 대해 제대로 설명을 듣지 못했다는 이유로 보상범위 등을 둘러싼 분쟁이 발생하는 경우가 많다. 본고에서는 차주가 동승하지 않은 채 대리운전자가 차량을 운전하던 중 발생한 사고를 대리운전보험에서 담보하는 '대리운전 중 사고'로 볼 수 있는지 여부를 다룬 사건을 소개하고자 하는데, 쟁점 가운데 약관의 설명의무와 관련 사항을 일부 언급하고 있어 동 내용을 살펴보고 나아가 약관 설명의무의 법적 성격 및 유사 분쟁사례 등을 개관하고자 한다.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.35-44
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• 2010

차세대 동영상 압축 표준화가 될 HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding) 표준화는 선진 기업, 연구소 및 학계의 비디오 압축 전문가들이 모여, 최신 동영상 압축 기술에 대한 표준화 경쟁에 돌입했다. 동영상 압축 기술의 핵심 기술 중 하나인 인트라 압축 기술도 기존 표준화 기술보다 더욱 다양하고 향상된 최신 기술을 바탕으로 표준화가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 HEVC의 Test Model 1.0 (HM 1.0)에 채택이 결정된 최신 인트라 압축 기술을 설명하고, 현재 진행중인 인트라 압축관련 CE (Core Experiment)에 참여 중인 기술을 소개한다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

스마트폰의 보급이 급증하면서 모바일 인터넷 서비스, SNS 등 새로운 ICT 서비스의 이용이 크게 확대되고있다. 이로 인해 정치, 경제, 사회 문화 등 다양한 분야에서 많은 변화와 발전이 일어나고 있다. 그러나 이에 따라 인터넷 침해 사고와 개인정보 유출사고, 악성 댓글과 같은 인터넷 윤리 문제도 심각한 수준에 이르고 있다. 이러한 도전과제를 해결하기 위해 본고에서는 한국인터넷 진흥원이 중점적으로 추진하고 있는 인터넷 침해사고 대응을 비롯한 주요 정보보호 활동을 설명하고, 개인정보보호법 시행에 따른 추진활동 등을 통한 안전한 인터넷 이용환경 조성 노력을 기술한다. 아울러 건전한 인터넷 이용분화 조성을 위한 범국민 운동 및 교육, 그리고 사업자의 자발적 정화노력 동에 대해 살펴본다. 또한 인터넷 윤리 및 정보보호 문화 조성을 위한 국제협력 활동, 개도국 인터넷 정책 수립 지원을 위한 패키지 개발과 보급 활동 동에 대해 설명하고, 이어 인터넷 정보보호와 윤리 문화 선진화와 글로벌 선도 국가로서의 도약을 이끌어내기 위한 한국인터넷진흥원의 역할에 대해 제시한다.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1431-1440
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• 1998

Video data are retrieved and stored in various compressed forms according to their characteristics, In this paper, we present a generic data model that captures the structure of a video document and that provides a means for indexing a video stream, Using this model, we design and implement CVIMS (the MPEG-2 Compressed Video Information Management System) to store and retrieve video documents, CVIMS extracts I-frames from MPEG-2 files, selects key-frames from the I -frames, and stores in database the index information such as thumbnails, captions, and picture descriptors of the key-frames, And also, CVIMS retrieves MPEG- 2 video data using the thumbnails of key-frames and v31ious labels of queries.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 1982

차량에 있어서 제동장치가 차지하는 중요도는 다른 부품에 비하여 매우 크다고 말할 수 있겠다. 그래서 차량 brake system을 적용하는데 있어서 가장 기초가 되는 수식 및 일반사항을 설명 함으로써 차량과 brake 관계를 넓게 이해하고 가장 적합한 제동장치의 설계에 도움을 주려는 데 본 기술의 목적이 있다. 우선 차량제원에 맞는 brake 성능에 관하여 생각하여 보자. 2개의 차 축을 갖고 있는 차량에서 제동할 경우 전 후 차축(front axle, rear axle)의 동하중(dynamic weight)은 정지상태 때의 하중과는 달라지게 된다. 그러므로 brake 성능은 이 동하중의 분배에 좌우되는 것이다.