• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.179-184
• /
• 2003

In order to mitigate the overcapacity of Busan port, Busan new port has been developed as transshipment port which is capable of handling 8,000 TEU containership. Generally, design of transshipment port has to reflect the capacity of feeder because both mother vessels and feeders enter the planned port at the same time. However, the existing plan of Busan new port capacity needs to be reexamined since the adopted capacity of each berth at new port, 300,000 TEU, does not seem to be enough to handle both mother vessels and feeders. Therefore, in this study we calculated the required number of berth and berth length by considering cargo handling capacity in terms of the ship size and this study makes some implications in relation with the terminal development plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2011.11a
• /
• pp.10-12
• /
• 2011

전세계를 불문하고 선박이라는 특수성에 의거하여 과거 선박이 수면위에서 화물 및 여객을 이송하기 시작하면서 선장이라는 직책은 선박에서 어느 누구도 침범할 수 없는 위치에서 능력의 객관적인 평가 없이 무조건적인 직위를 유지해 오고 있다. 이는 선원들이 선장을 평가한다는 것은 시스템적으로나 선박운영상으로나 접근한다는 것은 불가능한 사항이었다. 하지만, 이러한 선박 조직원들의 선장에 대한 평가는 무능력하거나 자격이 부족한 선장을 배제 또는 교육을 통한 선박의 안전운항과 직결되며, 이는 IMO와 ILO에서 요구하고 있는 선원의 인권과 맞물려 향후 해운 비즈니스에 중요한 이슈로 부각될 것이 자명하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 선장평가제 도입에 대한 기초연구를 실시 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.235-246
• /
• 2000

인공 지능 분야에서 특히 퍼지와 같은 기술은 전반적인 산업 자동화에 많이 사용되어 왔다. 퍼지 제어는 인간의 추론 과정을 모델링한 기술로서 인간에 유사한 결정 능력과 복잡하고 다양한 환경에 매우 효과적이다. 본 논문은 이러한 퍼지 제어의 장점을 연근해의 선박 자동 항해에 적용시켜 보았다. 심해에서는 공간상의 제약이 없기 때문에 선박의 자동항해는 원하는 목표지점까지 안전하게 운항할 수 있지만, 연근해안에는 심해와 달리 각종 장애물들(작고 큰 섬들과 해안, 연근해에 작업중인 선박들)이 있으며 이것들로 인한 충돌사고가 종종 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 연근해안에서 보다 안전하고 자율적인 항해를 위해 인공 지능 기술인 퍼지 기술을 선박에 적용시켰다. 본 논문에서 제안된 다변수 퍼지 시스템을 2개의 서로 다른 동적 환경을 가지는 지형에 적용시켜 보았고, 그에 따른 실험들을 수행했을 때, 만족할만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서, 본 논문에서 제안된 다변수 퍼지 제어시스템을 이용한 선박이 동적인 환경에서도 스스로 장애물을 인식하고 회피함으로 안전하게 연근해를 운항할 수 있음을 보였다.

• Maritime Security
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.37-56
• /
• 2023

Recently, with the rapid development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) and AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology industries, the emergence of MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship), which were thought only in the distant future, is approaching a reality. Along with the development of these amazing technologies, changes in the private law sector, such as liability, compensation for damages, and maritime insurance, as well as in the public law sector, such as maritime safety, marine environment protection, and maintenance of maritime order, have become necessary in the field of maritime law. In particular, with the advent of a new type of ship called MASS that does not have a crew on board, the kind and type of liability, compensation for damages, and insurance contracts in the event of a marine accident will also change. In this paper, the general theory about concept, classification, effectiveness and future of MASS and the general theory about concept and various obligations and responsibilities under the maritime law for discussion of MASS are reviewed. Next, in addition, regarding the problems that may occur in the event of a marine accident from MASS, the status as a ship, the legal relationship of the chartering contract, obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthiness, subject of responsibility, and liability for damages and immunity are reviewed from the perspective of maritime law. In addition, in the degree four of MASS, the necessities of further research to clarify the attributable subjects and standards of responsibility in the event of a marine accident, as well as the necessities of institutional improvement such as technology development, enactment and amendment of law and funding are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2022.11a
• /
• pp.152-153
• /
• 2022

2020년 4월 부산신항에서 발생한 밀라노 브리지 사고는 초경하상태 선박의 조종성능 저하에 대한 큰 관심을 일으켰다. 본 연구는 흘수가 과도하게 작은 상태의 선박의 조종성능 저하에 대한 기초연구로 진행되었다. 이를 위하여 다양한 문헌 검토, 실증시험 및 시뮬레이션테스트를 진행하였고, 흘수가 지나치게 작은 선박은 만재 상태에 비하여 선회권의 크기가 커지므로 이에 대한 주의가 필요하다. 각 도선구에서는 입항하는 선박의 흘수가 지나치게 작을 경우 이를 제한하는 규제 도입에 대한 검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.642-648
• /
• 2019

Vessels sail according to the COLREG to prevent a collision. However, it is difficult to apply COLREG under special situation as heavy traffic, at this time personal skills of the operator are required. In this case, traffic control is required through the maritime traffic monitoring system. Therefore, maritime traffic management is globally implemented by VTS. In this system, VTS of icer uses the VTS system to assess risks and recommends possible safety operation to vessels with radio systems. This study considers that the risk analysis method with AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology from the operator's aspect. In addition, the research explains the Maritime Traffic Safety Monitoring System, Including AR (Augmented Reality) technology to increase vessel control efficiency. This system is able to predict hazards and risk priorities, and it leads to sequential elimination of dangerous situations. Especially, the hazard situations can be analyzed from operator's perspective of each vessel instead of the VTS officer's aspect, which is more practical than the conventional method. Furthermore, the result of analysis enables to comprehend quantitative hazardous areas and support recommended routes to avoid a collision. As a result, I firmly believe that the system will support to prevent a collision in complex traffic waters. In particular, it could be adopted as a collision prevention system for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship, which occupies a significant proportion in Maritime 4th industrial revolution.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.554-561
• /
• 2022

Technology development related to maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) is actively progressing around the world. However, since there are still many technically unresolved problems such as communication, cybersecurity, and emergency response capabilities, it is expected that it will take a lot of time for MASS to be commercialized. In this study, we proposed a ship group navigation system in which one leader ship and several follower ship are grouped into one group. In this system, when the leader ship begins to navigate, the follower ship autonomously follows the path of the leader ship. For path following, PD (proportional-derivative) control is applied. In addition, each ship navigates in a straight line shape while maintaining a safe distance to prevent collisions. Speed control was implemented to maintain a safe distance between ships. Simulations were performed to verify the ship group navigation system. The ship used in the simulation is the L-7 model of KVLCC2, which has related data disclosed. And the MMG (Maneuvering Modeling Group) standard method proposed by the Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineering (JASNAOE) was used as a model of ship maneuvering motion. As a result of the simulation, the leader ship navigated along a predetermined route, and the follower ship navigated along the leader ship's path. During the simulation, it was found that the three ships maintained a straight line shape and a safe distance between them. The ship group navigation system is expected to be used as a navigation system to solve the problems of MASS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.233-234
• /
• 2013

IMO에서는 피로(Fatigue)를 정신력, 체력, 신속성, 반응시간, 기능의 조화, 의사결정, 마음의 안정 등을 포함한 모든 육체적, 정신적 또는 감정적인 소모의 결과로 인하여 인간의 육체적 또는 정신적 능력이 저하되는 것 즉, 인간의 효율성의 감소라고 정의하고 있다. 선박승무원의 피로는 선박안전운항과 해양환경보호를 위한 업무수행능력(Performance)에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 승선중인 선박승무원의 건강(Health)과도 밀접한 관계가 있으며 또한 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 선박승무원의 피로에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인과 그로 인한 효과들을 살펴보고 피로와 선박승무원의 건강과의 관련성 및 그 영향 등에 대하여 고찰을 하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.5 s.143
• /
• pp.516-527
• /
• 2005

It has been estimated that up to $80\%$ of all marine accidents have human elements as a cause. Out of these, human elements of crew fatigue is one of the main causes of marine accident. Crew fatigue involves sleep, schedule, workload, off-time, alcohol, health and stress. With a ship handling simulator, the effect of alcohol on ship operational performance is studied for each 0.05 and 0.08 $\%$ blood alcohol concentrations(BAC). The main effect of alcohol was found that ship operational performance was significantly impaired by alcohol compared to that in the non-alcohol condition. The results of this research can be used as basic data to minimize marine accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2021.11a
• /
• pp.78-80
• /
• 2021

This study is based on Degree of Recognition and AHP surveys for experts, this study investigates changes in the demand of seafarers in response to changes in the shipping industry environment in which Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships(MASS) emerge according to the application of the fourth industrial revolution technology to ships, and it looks into changes in seafarers' skills. It also analyzes and proposes a plan for cultivating seafarers accordingly. As a result of Degree of Recognition and AHP analysis, it is analyzed that a new training system is required because the current training and education system may cover the job competencies of emergency response, caution and danger navigation, general sailing, cargo handling, seaworthiness maintenance, emergency response, and ship maintenance and management, but jobs such as remote control, monitoring diagnosis, device management capability, and big data analysis require competency for unmanned and shore based control.By evaluating the importance of change factors in the duties of seafarers in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships, this study provides information on seafarers educational institutions response strategies for nurturing seafarers and prioritization of resource allocation, etc. The importance of factors was compared and evaluated to suggest changes in the duties of seafarers and methods of nurturing seafarers according to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.It is expected that this study is meaningful as it systematically derived the duties and competency factors of seafarers of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships from a practical point of view and analyzed the perception level of each relevant expert to diagnose expert-level responses to the introduction of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.