• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.373-387
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• 2009

Many cultural heritages with various periods including the 'Three Kingdoms Period' were discovered in Chulmamyeon, Busan. Detailed geomorphological and geological investigation was performed due to archaeological importance of the study area. Aerial photographic analysis for geomorphology and analysis of vertical sedimentary sections to interpret the sedimentary characteristics were carried out. Many pebbles with specific features were discovered during the investigation. The characteristics and origin of the pebbles are analysed based on their size, rock type and shape. The study area is located in a relatively low and gentle slope compared with neighboring regions. The strong N-S trending lineaments may influence the topographic features and the distribution of wells discovered in this area. The exposed sections during excavation are divided into several layers depending on colors and materials included. Some of the layers may be developed not by nature but by human activities. The similarity of the pebbles indicates that these pebbles may artificially be collected or produced for a specific purpose. This study shows that geomorphology and geology can be important in location and development of archaeological sites. The analysis and interpretation for the origin of the pebbles indicates that geological studies can be helpful to interpretation of archaeological studies.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.8
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• pp.81-95
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• 2007

The Conservation Science Team of National Museum of Korea has established the data base of lead isotope ratio as the scientific research of bronze patina, which was acquired from conservation process of metal objects, and based on this result, it intends to conduct the research related to the production places of raw material for the bronze objects. As the equipment for analysis of lead isotope ratio of the bronze patina, the thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS) was used. As part of the research, in 2007, the 11 samples of the bronze Patina from the objects, believed to belong to of Nangnang(Lelang), the 6 items of bronze patina from the flower-shaped bronze dishes, belong to Unified Silla period and 4 items from the Goryeo bronze bell were acquired and analyzed the lead isotope ratio. Based on the data of the lead isotope ratio from the galena of Korea, China and Japan, the provenance raw materials were estimated through the comparison of their lead isotope ratios. In the future, the Conservation Science Team of the National Museum of Korea will collect as much bronze patina as possible from the process of conservation treatment of metal objects, and analyze them in order to conduct the study of provenance with the type, period and the region of the objects.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.13
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

White crystals on 46 costumes excavated from Shim Su-Ryun(1534 - 1589)'s tomb were examined their characterization and distribution. In 36 of such samples, white crystals with different shape and hardness were found. The formation of crystals did not correlated with a kind and use of textiles. However, crystals were found in the back side than the front of costume, specially around the marks of shrouding dead body. White crystals from 7 textiles were investigated by EPMA, XRD, or FT-IR. The composition of white crystal was analysed by EPMA and the structure characterization of crystals was used by X-ray diffraction. FT-IR spectroscopy was applied to check if non-crystalline compounds were also present. Mg and P were detected as the main element of white crystals and these compounds were identified a struvite and newberyite, the inorganic mineral magnesium ammonium phosphates. Struvite precipitation are influenced by many factors including concentration of Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺, and PO₄^3- ions, pH, and temperatures. It is assumed that magnesium, phosphorous, ammonia, a base material of struvite comes from decomposition product of human body. Tomb covered with lime, a unique triple-structure in Joseon period offering the basic condition, an anaerobe in a coffin, and high magnesium concentration of outer coffin with lime can be inferred as important factor for precipitation of crystals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.301-311
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• 1990

The agriculture of Korea was begun in the neolithic era partly and generalized around 4,000 B.C. Discovery of acorn and stoneworks used in agriculture in neolithic era in 8,000 B.C to 6,000 B.C suggests that prehistoric ancestors of Korean night use acorn, hazel-nuts, and haws, etc. as foods. Cultivation of chestnuts, peaches, plums, pears, and japanese apricots was found in Mahan, the tribal states, and in the period of three kingdoms and Balhae dynasty too. In the period of Koryo, pears, plums, japanese apricots, pine nuts, apricots, grapes, jujubes, gingko nuts, oranges, and citrons were cultivated and used in diet. Sejongsilrokjiriji(1454), a geography of the early chosun, and Sinjungtonggukyojisungnam(1492) show that they cultivated almost all fruits we are now cultivating such as hazel-nuts, haws, nutmeg nut, and so on. Loquats seem to be brought in the early chosun era and figs around 16th century. Pecans, sweet cherries were brought around 1,900 and recently tropical fruits like kiwis were brought in and used in a large scale. In addition, Some fruits were used in medical treatments. Fruits increase the pleasure of the diet and sometimes they are used as a measure of a standard of living. Fruits have been improved and used for a long time, their status in our diet will be maintained resolutly.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.546-551
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• 2017

We examine the morphology and texture of microlites included in the obsidians from the Baekdusan (Mt. Baekdu) and Kyushu (SW Japan) by using an electron microscope. According to the morphological types of microlites, the microlites in the Baekdusan obsidians are classified as Arculites, Asteroidal and Crenulite, whereas those in the Kyushu obsidians as various types of Arculites, Bacillite, Belonites, Crenulite, Furculite, Lath, Margarite, and Scopulites. Specifically, the Arculites in both obsidians show very distinctive crystal relationships, though they are mainly composed of magnetite and pyroxene. The Baekdusan Arculites exhibit the poikilitic texture of pyroxene crystals enclosing multiple magnetite crystals, whereas the Kyushu ones demonstrate the granular and/or intergranular texture of interlocking between magnetite and pyroxene crystals. This distinction can be used to discriminate the provenance of the obsidian artefacts from the prehistoric sites in the Korean Peninsula.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 1998

Rapid increasing number of the internet web site enables the users receives information prepared with multimedia techniques as an exchanging gateway to the world. It is also realized that we are living in information society connected by the flooding number of the web sites. Consequently, setting up the identity in developing a homepage is critical since clear distinction from other sites is required for the homepage in which a random user can delivers the ideas from the message offered by the provider. In this paper, in order to establish the identity for a homepage, what kinds of components of the identity should be discussed and how the identity is reflected in the existing homepage are analyzed with the selected sample web sites. The design process in developing the identity for Ssamzie homepage (www ssarnzie eo.kr) is reviewed for comparing with others of the selected sites as a case study. These will explain that the roles of the designers in a homepage preparation will not be limited to the graphic expressions but will be expanded to the contribution to provide the reasonable distinction in terms of the establishing identity of the web sites. Moreover, the phase of the designer can be reevaluated by emphasizing the roles and the established identity.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2004

Buddhist image engraved on the bronze mirror in the Goryo period were conserved in 1986 and 1996, respectively. As the time passed, re-conservation was required that powdered copper corrosion product on the mirror image occurred. Accordingly, additional conservation including stabilization and consolidation were carried out to prevent further corrosion. The powder filled in the line of the buddhist image and the chasing techniques were examined using microscope and portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. The result showed that composition of powder were gold, silver and calcium(calcite or gypsum). The main chasing techniques used to engrave pattern seemed to be dotted-line, hairline and the kicking-line engraving.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.122-139
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• 2011

Yanbian area is a region with great interests to Cultural-Historically Korea as well as China. Cultural-historic study on Yanbian are lots of researches but can find few mapping for sites. This study aimed to make a map and analyze characteristics of distributions in the Cultural-Historic sites of Yanbian using Google Earth. We made a distribution map from stone age to Qing Dynasty. Symbology for mapping made color symbols by time series and categorical symbols. As a research finding, Sites of Balhae and Yuo-Geum age account for large parts in comparison with other ages in Yanbian. Especially, sites of Goguryeo, Balhae and Yuo-Geum age showed spatio-temporal structure of accumulative layers Characteristics of distributions is located in basin and stream area in the early age, and after then historical period moved to hilly sides and mountainous areas. The result of this research is expected to offer information for relevant follow-up studies of Cultural-Historic sites.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.249-261
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• 2012

Phlogopite-bearing orthopyroxenite occurs in Andong ultramafic complex in a planar body of about 1 meter thick, and consists mostly of coarse subhedral to euhedral orthopyroxene crystals. Minor minerals are clinopyroxene, phlogopite, and plagioclase with trace chromian spinel, pentlandite, apatite, and zircon. Clinopyroxene occurs as either exolution lamella or interstitial fillings with phlogopite and plagioclase. Electron microprobe analysis showed that orthopyroxenes are entatite, while clinopyroxenes are diopside with little chemical variation through samples. Hydrous alteration resulted in the formation of talc, amphibole, and serpentine from orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase, respectively. The orthopyroxenite was probably formed by the fractional crystallization of the ultramafic magma. Radiogenic dating of phlogopite and zircon of the orthopyroxenite would reveal the age of the Andong ultramafic complex.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2001

In total, 29 $^{14}C$ dates were obtained from Paleolithic sites in the Korean peninsula. If not the dates from the Sorori peat layers, the number will be less than 20. Low boundary of Upper Paleolithic could be estimated by some early of the dates from Blade stone industries. Couple of $^{14}C$ dates indicate that beginning of Upper Paleolithic industries could approach to 40 K BP, but it is premature to establish fine chronology of Upper Paleolithic. Some of the $^{14}C$ dates of microlithic industries probably represent too earlier age than generally thought. Tentatively, the beginning of microlithic industries may go back to an age of slightly older than 20 K BP, as indicated in Janghungri, Sokchangni, Noeundong etc. The obtained $^{14}C$ dates at present are very important for construction of Paleolithic chronology. but it is necessary to accumulate for more $^{14}C$ dates in future along with results from other dating techniques and to reconstruct site formation processes for obtaining objective age of stone industries.