• Title/Summary/Keyword: 서울대학교

Search Result 10,864, Processing Time 0.033 seconds

ERF Components Patterns of Causal Question Generation during Observation of Biological Phenomena : A MEG Study (생명현상 관찰에서 나타나는 인과적 의문 생성의 ERF 특성 : MEG 연구)

  • Kwon, Suk-Won;Kwon, Yong-Ju
    • Journal of Science Education
    • /
    • v.33 no.2
    • /
    • pp.336-345
    • /
    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to analysis ERF components patterns of causal questions generated during the observation of biological phenomenon. First, the system that shows pictures causing causal questions based on biological phenomenon (evoked picture system) was developed in a way of cognitive psychology. The ERF patterns of causal questions based on time-series brain processing was observed using MEG. The evoked picture system was developed by R&D method consisting of scientific education experts and researchers. Tasks were classified into animal (A), microbe (M), and plant (P) tasks according to biological species and into interaction (I), all (A), and part (P) based on the interaction between different species. According to the collaboration with MEG team in the hospital of Seoul National University, the paradigm of MEG task was developed. MEG data about the generation of scientific questions in 5 female graduate student were collected. For examining the unique characteristic of causal question, MEG ERF components were analyzed. As a result, total 100 pictures were produced by evoked picture and 4 ERF components, M1(100~130ms), M2(220~280ms), M3(320~390ms), M4(460~520ms). The present study could guide personalized teaching-learning method through the application and development of scientific question learning program.

  • PDF

Evaluation of Prognostic Factors in Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries at Mid-term Follow-up (수정 대혈관 전위 환자에서 예후에 영향을 주는 인자들에 대한 중기적 고찰)

  • Song, Young-Hwan;Kwon, Hyok-Joo;Kim, Gi-Beom;Kang, Soo-Jung;Bae, Eun-Jung;Noh, Chung-Il;Yun, Yong-Soo;Lee, Jeong-Ryul;Kim, Yong-Jin;Rho, Joon-Ryang
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
    • /
    • v.46 no.2
    • /
    • pp.154-161
    • /
    • 2003
  • Purpose : The prognosis of patients with corrected transposition of the great arteries(C-TGA) is variably affected by associated intracardiac defects, systemic right ventricular function, tricuspid valve competence, and conduction disturbances. This study aims to evaluate the importance of those factors at mid-term follow-up. Methods : Medical records of 94 patients(males 58, females 36; mean age at last follow-up, $12{\pm}9$ years; mean follow-up duration, $9{\pm}6.4$ years) diagnosed between January 1980 and May 2002 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital were studied retrospectively. Results : Among 94 patients, operations were performed in 72 patients(classic operations in 55; double switch operations in 17). Among prognostic factors including associated intracardiac anomalies(at least moderately severe tricuspid insufficiency(TI), ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia), intracardiac operation and complete atrioventricular block, TI was the only significant factor for death(P=0.001), and in turn, Ebstein anomaly and high grade atrioventricular block predicted TI. 20-year survival without TI was 77%, but only 35% with TI(P=0.0002); excluding perioperative death, the 20-year survival rates with and without TI were 48% and 87% respectively(P=0.008). There was no statistical difference in 20-year survival rate or association with TI between classic and double switch operation. Conclusion : TI was the major prognostic factor for C-TGA and was associated with Ebstein anomaly and high grade atrioventricular block at mid-term follow-up. Long-term follow-up is required to evaluate other factors, including double switch operations and associated intracardiac defects more exactly.

Treatment Result of Postoperative Radiotherapy of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix (자궁경부암의 수술후 방사선 치료성적)

  • Park Charn Il;Kim Jung Soo;Kim Il Han;Ha Sung Whan;Lee Hyo Pyo;Shin Myon Woo
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • v.3 no.2
    • /
    • pp.103-111
    • /
    • 1985
  • The early carcinoma of the uterine cervix may be treated by either radical surgery or radical radiotherapy according to the patient's characteristics, and the survival is high with either treatment. But, because of the size of the lesion, metastasis to lymph nodes, and vascular space invasion by tumor have all been shown to influence recurrence and survival, postoperative radiotherapy may be considered as their histopathologic finding after radical surgery. However, there are still debates on the increasing survival rates with postoperative radiotherapy. Two hundreds and three patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix who were treated with postoperative radiotherapy from February 1979 to September 1982 in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University were analyzed and following results were obtained. 3-year actuarial survival rate and 3-year disease free sruvival rate were $83.4\%\;and\;73.4\%$ respectively and 3-year actuarial survival rates by stages were $90.7\%$ for IB, $69.6\%$ for IIA, and $85.2\%$ for IIB. 3-year disease free survival rates by stage IB, IIA, IIB were $79.8\%,\;07.8\%,\;68.3\%$ respectively. The overall failure rate was $25.1\%(51/203)$; local recurrence rate was $8.4\%$, distant metastasis rate was $14.3\%$ and simultaneous local recurrence and distant metastasis was $2.4\%$. Failure rates by stages were $19.8\%$ (18/19) for IB, $29.1\%$ (16/55) for IIA and $29.8\%$ (17/57) for IIB. The overall acute complication rate was $57.6\%$; tolerable cases was $50.2\%$ and severe cases was $7.4\%$. Late complication rate was $7.9\%$ and the major late complication were intestinal obstruction. aggravated urinary symptom, radiation cystitis in order of frequency.

  • PDF

The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (두경부에 생긴 선양 낭포암의 치료에 있어서 방사선치료의 역할)

  • Kim, Won-Dong;Park, Charn-Ii;Kim, Kwang-Hyun
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.35-41
    • /
    • 1992
  • Forty eight patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the head and neck treated between 1979 and 1990 were reviewed according to treatment modalities and clinical courses. The common site of origin was minor salivary gland ($69\%$), mostly hard palate and maxillary sinus. 11 patients received radiation therapy (RT) alone and 37 patients received combined surgery and radiation therapy. The follow-up period of the survivors ranged from 4 to 118 months (median 49.5 months). The 5 year local control rate was $69.3\%$, $67.3\%$ and 83.9$\%$ in RT alone, conservative operation (OP)+RT and radical OP+RT group, respectively (p>0.05). The control of local disease was best achieved with radical OP+RT. In postoperative RT, high dose ($\ge$60 Gy) and generous field size($\ge$64 cm$^2$) yielded a better local control rate. Actuarial overall survival rate was $79.0\%$, at 5 years and $19.2\%$ at 10 years. Distant metastases (DM) developed in $40\%$ of patients, mostly in the lung. Disease-free (NED) survival rate was $45.8\%$ at 5 years and significant differences did not exist according to primary sites and treatment options. Survival rate after the onset of DM was $19.5\%$ at 5 years. Occurrence of DM tends to lower survival significantly. In an effort to find the role of RT in the treatment of ACC, our data suggest that a well-planned postoperative RT employing a high dose and generous field size can produce high local control rate and remaining urgent problem of distant metastasis demands more effective chemotherapy for the purpose of improving survival of ACC patients.

  • PDF

Pretreatment prognostic Factors in Early Stage Caricinoma of the Uterine Cervix (초기 자궁 경부암에서 치료전 예후 인자)

  • Kim, Mi-Sook;Hua, Sung-Whan
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • v.10 no.1
    • /
    • pp.59-67
    • /
    • 1992
  • From March 1979 through December 1986, 124 patients with early stage carcinoma of the uterine cervix received curative radiation therapy. According to FIGO classification, 35 patients were stage IB and 89 were stge II A. In stage IB, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival was $79.0\%$, $76.4\%$ and $81.8\%$, respectively. In stage II A, five year locoregional control, five year disease free survival, and five year overall survival were $78.0\%$, $66.8\%$, and $72.1\%$, respectively. To identify prognostic factors, pretreatment parameters including age, ECOG performance status, number of pregnancies, history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, histology, size and shape of primary tumor, CT findings and blood parameters were retrospectively analyzed in terms of locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In univariate analysis, tumor size on physicai examination and rectal invasion on CT significantly affected locoregional control, disease free survival and overall survival. Parametrial involvement on CT was a significant prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level affected disease free survival and overall survival. Histology and age were significant prognostic factors on locoregional control. In multivariate analysis excluding CT finding, tumor size on physical examination was a significant factor in terms of locoregioal control and overall survival. Hemoglobin level was significant in terms of disease free survival. In multivariate analysis including CT, histology was a prognostic factor on locoregional control and disease free survival. Hemoglobin level and rectal invasion on CT were significant factors on locoregional control.

  • PDF

Postoperative Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcomas (연조직육종에서의 수술후 방사선치료)

  • Kim, Won-Dong;Oh, Do-Hoon;Ha, Sung-Whan
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
    • /
    • v.13 no.1
    • /
    • pp.69-78
    • /
    • 1995
  • Seventy four patients with soft tissue sarcomas treated by postoperative radiotherapy in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital between August 1979 and September 1990 were analyzed. The follow-up Period ranged from 3 to 145 months with a median of 51 months. Liposarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) constituted $54\%$ of the cases and the histologic grades of tumors are as follows: grade I, 23 cases; grade II, 17 cases; grade III, 24 cases: unknown grade, 10 cases. The patients were treated by marginal(17 cases), wide(55 cases) or compartmental(2 cases) excision followed by Postoperative radiotherapy. The total radiation doses were 4200-8820 cGy (median 6000 cGy), 180-200 cGy daily. 5 times per week. Of 74 Patients, 35 ultimately failed. The local control was $62.2\%$ at 5 years and cumulative risk of distant metastasis was $22,3\%$ at 5 years. The overall survival and disease free survival were $72.3\%$, and $53.3\%$ at 5 years, respectively. Survival after appearance of metastasis was $15.1\%$ at 3 years. Patients with liposarcoma experienced better local control than those with other histologic type and tumor grade and surgical resection margin significantly correlated with local recurrence, distant metastasis and overall survival on univariate analysis. In conclusion, re-excision is needed for patients with positive surgical resection margin to improve local control and further therapeutic measures using effective chemotherapy should be explored in the hope of improving overall survival.

  • PDF

A Cosideration on Physical Aspects in Teleradiotherapy Chart QA (원격방사선치료 기록부의 QA 에서 물리적 측면의 고찰)

  • 강위생;허순녕
    • Progress in Medical Physics
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.95-101
    • /
    • 1999
  • The aims of this report are to classify the incorrect data of patients and the errors of dose and dose distribution observed in QA activities on teleradiotherapy chart, and to analyze their frequency. In our department, radiation physicists check several sheets of patient chart to reduce numeric errors before starting radiation therapy and at least once a week, which include history, port diagram, MU calculation or treatment planning summary and daily treatment sheet. The observed errors are classified as followings. 1) Identity of patient, 2) Omitted or unrecorded history sheet even though not including the item related to dose, 3) Omission of port diagram, or omitted or erroneous data, 4) Erroneous calculation of MU and point dose, and important causes, 5) Loss of summary sheet of treatment planning, and erroneous data of patient in the sheet, 6) Erroneous record of radiation therapy, and errors of daily dose, port setup, MU and accumulated dose in the daily treatment sheet, 7) Errors leading inexact dose or dose distribution, errors not administerd even though its possibility, and simply recorded errors, 8) Omission of sign. Number of errors was counted rather than the number of patients. In radiotherapy chart QA from Jun 17, 1996 to Jul 31, 1999, no error of patient identity had been observed. 431 Errors in 399 patient charts had been observed and there were 405 physical errors, 9 cases of omitted or unrecorded history sheet, and 17 unsigned. There were 23 cases (5.7%) of omitted port diagram, 21 cases (5.2%) of omitted data and 73 cases (18.0 %) of erroneous data in port diagram, 13 cases (3.2 %) treated without MU calculation, 68 cases (16.3 %) of erroneous MU, 8 cases (2.0%) of erroneous point dose, 1 case (0.2 %) of omitted treatment planning summary, 11 cases (2.7%) of erroneous input of patient data, 13 cases (3.2%) of uncorrected record of treatment, 20 cases (4.9%) of discordant daily doses in MU calculation sheet and daily treatment sheet, 33 cases (8.1%) of erroneous setup, 52 cases (12.8%) of MU setting error, 61 cases (15.1%) of erroneous accumulated dose. Cases of error leading inexact dose or dose distribution were 239 (59.0 %), cases of error not administered even though its possibility were 142 (35.1 %), and cases of simply recorded error were 24 (5.9 %). The numeric errors observed in radiotherapy chart ranged over various items. Because errors observed can actually contribute to erroneous dose or dose distribution, or have the possibility to lead such errors, thorough QA activity in physical aspects of radiotherapy charts is required.

  • PDF

Seasonal Variations of Mood and Behavior in Korean Medical Students (한국의 의과대학생에서 기분과 행동의 계절적 변동)

  • Kim, Sung-Jae;Lee, Heon-Jeong;Choi, Hyun-Seok;Jung, Hyun-Gang;Kim, Bong-Ju;Kim, Ju-Yeon;Lee, Young-Woo;Cho, Dong-Hyuk;Lee, Min-Soo;Joe, Sook-Haeng;Kim, Leen
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.95-99
    • /
    • 2004
  • Objectives: Although many studies on seasonal variations in mood and behavior have been carried out in foreign countries, no such study has previously been undertaken in Korea. The goal of this study was to estimate the frequency of seasonal variations in mood and behavior among Korean medical students. Methods: 297 medical students from Korea University College of Medicine participated in this study. The subjects were surveyed with a Korean translation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ), and their responses were evaluated for seasonal patterns of mood and behavioral change, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD), derived from the case-finding criteria of Kasper et al. Results: The mean global seasonality score was 6.6 (SD=3.6). 83.5% (N=248) of the subjects reported some changes in behavior and mood associated with the seasons. Only 3.7% (N=11) reported no behavioral changes across the seasons. Total prevalence rates were 15.2% for SAD, and 2.7% for S-SAD. The estimated frequencies were 3.0% for summer SAD, 2.7% for summer S-SAD, 11.4% for winter SAD, and 5.8% for winter S-SAD. The prevalence rates for winter SAD or S-SAD were higher than the prevalence rates for summer SAD or S-SAD. Conclusion: These results suggest that seasonal variations in mood and behavior are common among Koreans. The higher prevalence rate of winter SAD or S-SAD than summer SAD or S-SAD is consistent with most western studies and stands in contrasts to studies in other Asian countries, such as Japan and China.

  • PDF

Clinical Study of the Patients, in Whom Pulmonary Embolism was Suspected by Lung Perfusion Scan (폐 관류주사검사상 폐동맥 색전증 소견을 보인 환자의 임상적 고찰)

  • Lee, Gwi-Lae;Kim, Jae-Yeol;Park, Jae-Suk;Yoo, Chul-Gyu;Kim, Young-Whan;Shim, Young-Soo;Han, Sung-Koo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
    • /
    • v.44 no.4
    • /
    • pp.889-898
    • /
    • 1997
  • Pulmonary Embolism can develop in variable conditions, and presents with nonspecific symptoms and signs. If diagnosis is delayed, it can be resulted in catastrophic results. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate treatment is crucial in Pulmonary Embolism. Lung Perfusion Scan is useful screening test. Negative result can exclude pulmonary embolism. But, perfusion defects don't always mean pulmonary embolism. To find the better methods of interpretation of lung perfusion scan and To evaluate the clinical course and outcomes of the patients, in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected by lung perfusion scan, we reviewed the clinical records of 49 cases suspected by lung perfusion scan at Seoul National University Hospital during the period of January, 1995 to July, 1996. The results are as follows. First impression of cases in which PE was present at time of admission were pulmonary embolism (63%), heart diseases (26%), and pneumonia (11%) in orders. Underlying diseases of cases in which PE developed during admission were malignancy (36.5%), ICH (22.7%), sepsis (13.7%), and SLE (9.1%) in orders. The predisposing factors were operation (20%), cancer (16%), immobility (16%), connective tissue disease (16%), heart dis. (10%), old age (10%), and preg/pelvic dis. (8%) The results, of lung perfusion scan were HPPE 40 cases(26.8 %), IPPE 21 cases(14.1%), LPPE 88 cases (59.1%), and cases(%) of treatment in these cases were HPPE 34 cases(85%), IPPE 9 cases(42.9%), LPPE 0 case(0.0%). Treatments were heparin and warfarin (69.5%), heparin alone (8.2%), warfarin alone (2.0%), embolectomy (4.1%), thrombolytics (2.0%), IVC filter (2.0%), and no treatment (12.2%) In 34 cases (69.4%), follow up could be done, and 5 cases were recurred (10.2%). The causes of recurrence was incomplete anticoagulant therapy (3 cases) and recurrence of predisposing factor (2 cases). Expired case due to pulmonary embolism was one who was expired just before trial of thrombolytic therapy. Conclusion : Efforts should be made to shorten the interval from onset of Sx to Dx, ie, high index of suspision.

  • PDF

Analysis of alveolar molding effects in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate when treated with pre-surgical naso-alveolar molding appliance (양측성 순구개열 신생아 환자의 수술전 비치조 정형장치 치료에 의한 치조골 조형(molding) 효과의 분석)

  • Nahm, Dong-Seok;Yang, Won-Sik;Baek, Seung-Hak;Kim, Sukwha
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
    • /
    • v.29 no.6 s.77
    • /
    • pp.649-661
    • /
    • 1999
  • The goals of this study were 1) to present pre-surgical naso-alveolar molding (PNAM) appliance for bilateral cleft lip and palate treatment and 2) to evaluate the effects of the PNAM appliance on the alveolar molding of the premaxilla and the lateral segments. Subjects consisted of 8 bilateral cleft lip and palate infants (7 males and 1 female, mean age at first visit = 61.6 days after birth) who were treated with PNAM appliances in Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Average alveolar cleft gap between the premaxilla and the lateral segment was $8.09{\pm}5.03mm$ and average duration of alveolar molding treatment was $8.8{\pm}3.1$ weeks. These patients' models were obtained at initial visit (T0) and after alveolar molding (T1). 20 linear and 14 angular variables were measured by using photometry and digital caliper, All statistical analyses were performed by Microsoft Excel 97 program. Paired t-test was used to discriminate the effect of alveolar molding by PNAM appliance. 1. Closure of the alveolar cleft gap in bilateral cleft cases by molding therapy was completed successfully, 2. Alveolar molding inhibited outward growth of lateral segments and produced inward bending of lateral segments. 3. By bending the anterior part of the vomer, the premaxilla could be rotated and moved. posteriorly via alveolar molding. Conclusion This appliance can be applied to bilateral cleft lip and palate infants with satisfactory results before cheiloplasty.

  • PDF