• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.100-119
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• 2021

This paper has been written to verify the existing theory that districts occurred independently in various parts of the world, including the Korean Peninsula. Song Giho (2006) claims that the origin of the Gudle, is an example of polygenism that occurred in various areas in the world, including the Korean peninsula. This argument has been corroborated by a large number of researchers. However, it is difficult to understand the lineage of Gudle and its process of development, if a theory of polygenism is continued to be taken into account. The place which is targetet by this theory is the North-West area of the Korean peninsula, south of Primorsky Krai, and in the northern area of Zabaikal-Mongolia. This means that these areas developed independently because they were far from each other and had no direct cultural relationship. However, the structure of Gudle, shape, and assemblages of earthenware it cannot be explained by polygenism, as they are the same in every place. Furthermore, it is also questionable as to the timing and region of emergence of the culture in East Asia over a limited time frame of 3-2 BC. Gudle are formed by furnaces with roofs and walls, Gorae, which saves heat, and it has smoke ventilation that draws smoke out. Therefore, the Gudle is not a structure that anyone can make without advanced technical understanding. So far, the only facility with furnaces and smoke ventilation that appear before the Gudle is Buttumak. Thus, the Gudle is likely to have been invented in the place where Buttumak were used. The area as known for the origin of Gudle was observed to verify the existence of the Buttumak's structure, but none of these facilities were found. The Gudle suddenly appeared within a new culture that had never existed before. That means that none of the three places had the conditions under which the Gudle could be invented, so it must have been introduced from outside. In conclusion, the three places that I mentioned above are not the origin of Gudle. So, the origin of Gudle has to be found elsewhere.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.910-920
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• 2010

To past, from Seoul to Jinju it takes about six-hours by train or Expressway. An expressway between Daejeon and Jinju opens perfectly it 2001 November 29th After that time, The section that road traffic showed superiority to drive and express bus, and railroad traffic lost competitiveness, The section that train user decreases gives besides only one-time train is run day worked. This study comparative analysis calls various data about these sections, There is the Jinju or Gyeongsangnam-do western part and Gyeongnam-do northwestern part, Gyeongsangbuk-do southwestern part. I compete with a road traffic means as I am connected to the Central inland line railroad during a plan and to propose the guideline to use railroad more activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

In recent years, the crisis of energy is growing seriously and also the contamination of ecology has been reverberated as international problem. The social concern about energy crisis has been growing for the last several years and also the interest in new and renewable energy has been increased. The probability of wind power resource over Saemangeum is reviewed with the data of Gunsan weather station. Through this study, it is cleared that the Saemangeum area has fluent wind power source to design the wind farm in Korea. According to calculation results, it is possible to predict the wind velocity density around the Saemangeum area using the shape factor as a parameter.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.10 no.4 s.22
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• pp.17-30
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• 2002

Since the industrialization spread out, the metropolitan areas of Seoul have been urbanized rapidly in Korea, without concern for the quality of further development and sufficient environmental management. Due to this fact, it has become increasingly apparent that natural hazards, such as floods and landslides, occur frequently after the summer's heavy rains, and because of that, the scale of damage is getting larger. The purpose of this study is first to analyze the relationship between development and floods in the sub-basins of the study area. In addition to this, we'd like to compare the influences of geomorphological characteristics upon the floods occurring in both the whole study area and the developed area in sub-basins.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.367-367
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• 2020

최근 전세계적으로 기후변화로 인해 가뭄의 발생 가능성이 높아지고 있으며 그에 대한 인적피해와 경제적 손실로 인한 피해액은 증가하고 있다. 특히, 국내의 충남지역은 최근 강수량이 평년 대비 75% 수준으로 감소하고 있으며, 지속적인 가뭄이 발생하여 용수 확보에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 또한, 2015년에는 강수량 감소로 인해 보령댐을 상수원으로 사용하고 있는 충남 서북부지역 8개 시군의 용수공급에 큰 차질이 있었다. 지속적인 가뭄 상황이 반복되면서 기후변화의 영향에 따라 미래의 물공급량 변화 및 물부족에 대한 연구와 이를 분석하여 정확성을 높이는 물수지 분석모형이 지속적으로 개발되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 가뭄이 발생한 충남지역을 대상으로 기후변화에 따른 미래 물부족 변화에 대한 경향성을 파악하고자 한다. 미래의 물부족 변화를 파악하기 위해 기상청 RCP 8.5 시나리오의 40년(2008~2047년) 중권역별 강수량과 잠재증발산량 일단위 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 중권역별 기상자료를 하천유역별 일단위 기상자료를 활용하여 TANK 모델을 이용한 하천 일유출모의와 비유량법을 이용하여 저수지의 일유량을 산정하였다. 미래의 수혜면적변화와 생활/공업/농업 수요량 추정을 통해서 하천 및 저수지 물수지 분석을 진행하여 미래기간 30년에 대한 일단위 물수급을 산정하였다. 미래기간에 대한 분석은 기준기간 R0(2008~2017년) 대비, 미래기간 S1(2018~2027년), S2(2028~2037년), S3(2038~2047년)에 대한 연평균 물부족량과 경로별 경향성을 파악하였다. 대상지역의 물부족량에 대한 분석결과, 기준기간 대비 S1, S2, S3 기간에 각각 27.8%, 10.8%, 23.1% 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 이는 미래의 강우량이 점차 증가하는 경향과 수혜면적 변화시 논과 밭 면적이 지속적인 감소로 인해 수요량에 영향을 받았을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 장래 하천유역의 가뭄에 대한 피해 예측 및 물수급 파악에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.701-724
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• 2003

Since the late 19th century, the location and characteristics of Lop-Nor lake have been a major theme of debates among the scholars(Prejevalsky, Richthofen, Kozlov, Hedin, Huntington, Stein, Chen etc.) who have been interested in Inner Asia. In the 1980s the problem to find the exact location and characteristics of Lop-Nor lake was finally solved by the investigation group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ironically, it was possible to find the solution by drying up of the lake due to the change of land use and the expansion of irrigation system in Tarim basin. Specially the excessive development of this area for agricultural use by the Xinjiang Production-Construction Army Corps since 1949 must have influenced on drying up of Lop-Nor lake. Furthermore it can be observed to be the very similar situation to Lop-Nor lake in many areas of Chinese Inner Asia Frontier. According to this finding, it may be proposed that human factors played an important role in the changes of Lop-Nor lake over the previous years too. This study can give an insight on the ecological interpretation of Inner Asian history and the environmental interpretation of the rising nationalism in this area.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.229-246
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• 2002

This study is a contribution to the geographical understanding of Daejeon Area, playing the role of principal center of Choongchong Province. This area has been urbanized associated with Daejeon Basin, an important natural unit in the middle part of South Korea. In order to understand Daejeon Area in geographer's view, it is necessary to elucidate geomorphological environment of Daejeon Basin and urban expansion pattern associating with it. Our research is converged into dual objectives: one, description and interpretation of basin's landforms; other, urban expansion relating with geomorphological condition. Daejeon's urban expansion has progressed from the border zone of Daejeon Basin toward into the basin, and then vice versa. Relating to rivers valleys in the basin, the urbanization in the basin has been extended from the river valleys of lower order toward those of higher order. Understanding of the geomorphological mosaique of Daejeon basin is an important base for that of urban mosaique of Daejeon City.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.207-225
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• 2003

According to the data analysis of the regional fracture systems in southern Korea, the fracture orientations show three dominant sets : NNE, NW and WNW. A NNE set is the most abundant and includes most of the largest fractures. The highest fracture density is shown in the Taebaegsan mineralized area corresponding to Ogchon nonmetamorphic belt and the lowest one in the southwestern area of southern Korea. In addition, the density is higher in nonmetamorphic sedimentary rocks such as Choseon Supergroup. Pyeongan Supergroup, Daedong Supergroup and Kyeongsang Supergroup than in Precambrian basements and Jurassic granites. The regional fractures in southern Korea can be classified into four orders designated $F_1,{\;}F_2,{\;}F_3{\;}and{\;}F_4${\;}and{\;}F_4$ on the basis of their trace length. It is quite significant that fractures of each order are self-similar with respect to orientation and the combined fracture length distribution indicates a power-law distribution with an exponent of -2.04. As fractures were analyzed based on the tectonic provinces, Gyeonggj Massif and Kyeongsang Basin have all orders of fractures from $F_1$ to $F_4$. Most of the large scale faults may be ascribed to the products of slip accumulation through multiple deformation. Others besides $F_1$ fractures are thought to be evenly distributed through the whole area of southern Korea.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2012

This paper examined the characteristics of ductile and brittle structural elements with detailed mapping by lithofacies classification to clarify the relationship between the geological structure and the geochemical high-grade uranium anormal zone and to provide the basic information on the flow of groundwater in the eastern area of Shinbo mine, Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. It indicates that this area is mainly composed of Precambrian quartzite, metapelite, metapsammite, which show a zonal distribution of mainly ENE-WSW trend, and age unknown pegmatite and Cretaceous porphyry which intrude them. But the Cretaceous Jinan Group which unconformably covers them, contrary to assumption, could not be observed. The main ductile deformation structures of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks were formed at least through three phases of deformation [ENE striking regional foliation (D1) -> ENE or EW striking crenulation foliation (D2) -> WNW or EW trending open, tight, kink folds (D3)]. The predominant orientation of S1 regional foliation strikes ENE and dips south, being similar to the zonal distribution of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks. Most predominant orientation of high-angled brittle fracture (dip angle ${\geq}45^{\circ}$) [ENE (frequency: 24.3%) > NS (23.9%) > (N)NW (18.8%) > WNW (16.9%) > NE (16.1%) fracture sets in descending frequency order], which is closely related to the flow of groundwater, strikes ENE and dips south. It also agrees with the zonal distribution of metasedimentary rocks and the predominant orientation of S1 regional foliation. The next one strikes NS and dips east or west. Considering the controlling factor of the geochemical uranium anormal zone in the Shinbo mine and its eastern areas from the above structural data. the uranium source rock in these areas might be pegmatite and the geochemical uranium anormal zone in the Sinbo mine area could be formed by an secondary enrichment through the flow of pegmatite aquifer's groundwater into the Sinbo mine area like the previous research's result.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.32-43
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• 1997

Deprivation of means to study the cultures and history of the natives of Bering Strait in their own lands, gives us and especially U. S. A. and Russia-where the objective regions of this study is pertained to-the great suffering of intellectual and aesthetic losses. Throughout 20th century, as political and economic forces prevailed, it became increasingly difficult for both Natives and outsiders to see this region as having common past. In such difficult circumstances, United Nations Council for Environmental Development held at Rio de Janeiro, Brasil in June, 1992 started out to give obligations to present environmental future. With such trend getting stronger and being in demand, this study is also focussed on coincides with such environmental matters and differs from man centered western civilization which ruled th environment rather than to harmonize with it. Through the studies of fashions and cultural materials of this region, it was able to identify the great similarities between Northwestern Alaska and Northeastern Siberia. Especially in the clothing materials of this region\`s toy dolls, it was possible to confirm that both side of Bering Strait possessed similar culture. Although both side had similar environment, in the past its peoples began to be seen as separated and alienated aligned only with their current political state-Russia and U. S. A. Through this study, it was able to see diversity of the peoples and thir languages but also close cultural and historical ties that link them very closely together. This study verified such similarities and common characteristics through close examination of Native clothing and decorations and other traditions of Siberian Natives such as Yupik, Chukchi, Koryak, Even, Amur River peoples and Nivkh; and Alaskan Natives such as Inupiag, Yupik, Alutiig, Aleut, Athapaskan, and Tlingit.