• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2003

The purposes of this paper are to analysis the characteristics of urban structure and to provide the strategies of urban restructuring in Incheon. While old urban center has tended to decline, urban central functions have concentrated towards new suburban centers, outer regions of Incheon. The urbanization of Incheon to outer regions is continuing, together with the population growth. The basic directions of urban restructuring are the formation of network urban structure, the establishment of development designation district, the formation of development, and axises for urban regeneration. It is also suggested that the systematic strategies of urban restructuring need to consider the district development for globalization, the formation of new growth pole and development axises, the establishment of special theme street, and development to network city for global city.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.179-203
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• 1998

Since the end of 1997, the Korean economy has been in deep recession; the unemployment rate has rocketed to 6.7% and the economic growth rate has dropped to -3.8% in the first quarter of 1998. Facing with this mass unemployment, the Korean Government launched comprehensive countermeasures against mass unemployment.. However, these have been in severe criticism from the outset on account of ineffectiveness and impracticability. It is in this regard that this paper purports to design a socially acceptable and financially feasible social safety net by reforming the Livelihood Aid Programme. For this purpose, chapter 3 defines the concept of social safety net, and chapter 4 reviews the social safety net programmes sponsored by World Bank and IMF in the Third World countries and Eastern European countries. Chapter 5 proposes the Three Step Approach in designing the social safety net in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 2003

The life history and natural enemies of Coleophora obducia Meyrick which is a defoliating pest of Larix leptolepis were studied mainly in Chungchongbuk Province. Larix leptoiepis was the only host plant of this pest. Coleophora obducia had one generation per you and the adults emerged from mid May to late May with a peak emergence around May 14th. The mean number of eggs in an ovary was 44.5 and most females oviposited one egg on each needle. The duration of the egg stage was about two weeks. Larvae passed the winter in a pouch made by spinning the needles. Pupation began in the late April, and the pupal period was two weeks on average. The natural enemies observed were parasitoids and predators.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.23 no.3 s.126
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• pp.44-50
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• 1984

한국여성은 전통적으로 대가족제도 속에서 육아 및 가사활동에만 종사해왔다. 그러나 산업화 및 사회구조의 변화로 여성들도 교육의 기회를 갖게 되었으며 전통적인 역할 수행에 대한 가치변화와 함께 여성의 사회적 역할을 필요로 하게 되었다. 반면에 가족 형태가 핵가족화 함으로서 가족 내에서의 자녀양육을 비롯한 가정적 역할이 더욱 중요시 되게 되었다. 오늘날 한국사회는 여성에게 현재의 사회구조와 핵가족 속에서는 시간적으로 동시에 수행할 수 없는 두 가지 상반된 역할을 강조하고 있는 것이다. 이러한 상반된 역할사이에서는 여성은 갈등과 좌절감을 느끼게 되며 이중적인 부담 속에서 생활하게 되었다. 본 원고에서는 전통적인 한국의 가족가치관을 살펴보고 건강관리 측면에서 여성의 역할을 살펴보고 건강관리 측면에서 여성의 역할을 살펴보고자 한다. 전통적 가족가치관과 여성-우리나라의 전통적 가족은 부계 중심의 혈연 계승을 중요시하는 가부장적 대가족제도라 할 수 있다. 따라서 부계 계승을 통한 가족의 영속성과 가 중심사상에 기반을 둔 철저한 가족주의적 가치관이 전통적 사회를 지배하여 왔다. 그러므로 자연히 개인보다 가족집단이 우의적인 지위에 있을 뿐만 아니라 모든 행동의 결정에도 중요한 준거 집단이 되었다. 이러한 가의 영속 및 번영을 가장 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는 많은 자녀를 필요로 했으며 부계중심 가족에서 자연히 남아 선호사상이 강할 수밖에 없었으며 이것은 조상에 대한 의무요 책임이라 생각했다. 이러한 가부장권의 확대에 반비례해서 가정 내에서 여성의 지위와 역할은 축소되어갔다. 여성들의 절대적인 예속을 필요로 하여 삼종지도니 칠거지악이니 불경이부등의 도덕률을 만들었으며 여성들 스스로가 이러한 정절과 복종을 미덕으로 생각하도록 교육받음으로서 여성들 자신이 자기희생의 굴레 속에서 인내와 복종의 생활을 운명처럼 받아들이게 되었으며 남편과 자식을 위해서는 목숨까지도 희생하게끔 철저히 사회화되었던 것이다. 그러나 가족 제도 안에서의 남녀의 지위는 동위 항렬 내에서만 해당되고 항렬을 달리할 때는 삼종지도의 이론에 부합된다. 어머니로서의 존장련이 인정되어서 가정 내에서의 여성의 종속적인 지위에 비하여 모의 권한은 절대적이었다. 상례와 제례에서 어머니와 아버지에 대한 의식에는 차이가 없으며 내외 명부제도에 의해서 부인도 남편과 똑같은 대우를 받도록 되어있다. 이러한 존장련에 의한 모의 권리와 더불어 부부유별에 의해서 가사권의 독자적인 결정권도 인정되고 있었다. 건강관리 측면에서 여성의 역할- 전통적으로 건강관리에 관련된 한국여성의 역할은 1. 씨받이로서의 역할로 생명을 잉태하도록 돕고 건강한 아이의 수태를 위해 태교에 힘썼으며 2. 자녀의 의식주를 해결하는 가사 역할만을 담당하는 전통적인 여성의 역할만을 수행하였으며 출산한 생명을 건강하게 자라도록 건강관리를 철저히 하였으나 체계적인 건강관리는 되지 못하였으며 특히 식생활에 유의하였으나 정서, 사회면은 도외시 한 과잉보호현상이었다. 3. 결혼 후에는 남편의 건강관리를 위해 철저하였으며 특히 식생활에 유의하였고 정서적으로 부담을 주지 않도록 유념하였다. 4. 또한, 임종시 평안한 죽음을 맞도록 도왔다. 전통적으로 한국여성의 역할은 돕는 역할이었다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2004

Folk painting was prevalent among working classes in the cultural territory of chinese characters including Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Other than Gilsangmunja-do(lucky and vulgar illustrated Chinese Character), the most popular of its kind, there are various types of different Munja-do(illustrated Chinese Character) which is more shaped/modeled. Chinese Nianhua style was popular in various parts of China from late Ming Dynasty to early Qing Dynasty, and they were conveyed to neighboring countries after the 17th century, where they adopted unique tradition of each country. Acquiring theme from Chinese characters, these Chinese Nianhua or Munja-do are designed by making images into characters or characters into images. They express the invisible 'Cosmological Taoism' as a visible shape and line. This kind of symbol system, using character as a subject matter, can only be witnessed in the cultural territory of chinese characters by the use of ideograms. It is worth of paying attention today because the uniqueness of each country's style reflects diverse life styles of the contemporary civilization. Specifically, values of Munja-do as a traditional culture may not be underestimated in today's society where culture has become the center of concern. Munja-do in Korea should be carefully examined since Korea has had a very unique Munja-do culture that cannot be found from other countries. Therefore, by comparing Munja-do styles of today's the cultural territory of chinese characters countries, we may enlighten ourselves on our tradition and flourish our cultural contents.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1979

An ecological survey on the crawling activity of the Periophthalmus cantonensis in the Gum River was carried out during the period from July to October 1978. The results obtained are as follows. Distribution : From Chilsanri to Osikdo $$Density\;of\;population\;(Number/m^2):\;1.5/m^2$$ $$High\;ebb\;zone:\;2.6/m^2=56\%$$ $$Mid\;ebb\;zone:\;1.5/m^2=32\%$$ $$Low\;ebb\;gone:\;0.5/m^2=12\%$$ The percentage of the fish having established territory, then Mean body length of the fish having established territory: $86\%$ Mean body length of the transfering population : 2.16mm/sec Activity area: 10m As the fish grow there is a tendency that the individual occupy a certain area, the territory, then gradually increasing the area. When they re-aggregate, especially in high ebb zone, size difference between individuals in a group is not observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2001.02a
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• pp.14-18
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• 2001

현대의 우리들의 생활환경 중에는 약 10만 종류 이상의 아주 많은 화학물질이 존재하고 있으며 매년 약 1000종류의 새로운 화합물이 상품화되고 있다고 알려져 있다. 이들 중 일부는 우리의 일상생활에 편리한 기능을 가져다 주는 역할을 하고 있으나 최근 생태계 및 인체에 유해한 영향을 미치는 물질로 판명되는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 그들 중에는, 성호르몬과 유사한 구조를 가지기 때문에 호르몬 수용체에 잘못 결합하여 호르몬 활성을 異常히 높이는 등의 영향을 미치는 것이 알려져 있으며, 또, 약물대사 효소의 유도나 효소활성의 저해 등에 의한 물질대사의 교란, 면역계통의 저해, 발암작용 등의 영향에도 미치는 것이 알려져 있다. 이러한 일군의 물질은 내분비계 장애물질(Endocrine disruptors; 환경 호르몬)로 불리며, 최근의 여성에 있어서 유방암의 발생율의 상승이나 남성의 정자수의 감소, 혹은 어떤 종의 야생 생물에 있어서 생식기능 장해(악어 수컷 생식기의 퇴화, 수컷 잉어등의 암컷화, 일부 권패류의 임포섹스 등)는 이러한 내분비계 장애물질에 의하여 유발되고 있다고 하는 가능성이 지적되고 있다. 그렇지만, 이러한 내분비계 장애물질의 환경 중에서의 분포나 다양한 생물에의 영향에 관한 연구는 세계적으로도 아직 부족하고 내분비계 장애물질의 실태나 그 메카니즘 및 그것이 가지는 의미에 대하여는 아직 명확하게 규명되어 있지 않고 있어, 그것에 의한 생체영향의 평가를 총합적으로 검토하기까지에는 이르지 않고 있다. 이러한 물질에 관한 연구는 최근 선진국을 중심으로 활발한 연구가 수행되고 있으나, 우리 나라에 있어서의 연구는 지금까지는 아직 미미한 수준에 머물고 있다. 따라서, 이러한 내분비계 장애물질을 빠른 시기에 발견하여 그것들에 의한 영향을 평가하고, 그 영향을 미연에 방지하는 데에 필요한 대책을 강구하기 위한 많은 연구가 필요 불가결하다. 본고에서는 이러한 환경호르몬 물질 중 본 연구실에서 수행한 내용을 중심으로 유해화학물질 오염 및 대책에 대하여 간단히 발표하고자 한다. 발표내용은, 남해안을 중심으로 조사한 유기주석화합물 오염, 광양만에서의 PAHs(다환방향족탄화수소류) 및 Bisphenol A 오염에 관한 연구결과와 이러한 유해화학물질 오염을 평가하고 관리하는 하나의 유용한 방법으로서 위해성 평가에 대하여 실례를 중심으로 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2020

In terms of environmental justice, urban parks play a pivotal role in imperative amenities allowing for physical activity. The reasonable distribution of urban park services must be considered in terms of community demand and the context of the park. The purpose of this study is to analyze the inequity of qualitative park service according to the socioeconomic status(SES) in Daegu. The qualitative service was assessed for 82 neighborhood and walking-distance parks by utilizing the NGST(Neighborhood Green Space Tool). The inequity was analyzed by SES variables(ratio of basic living recipients, ratio of single-parent families, average housing sales, dilapidated dwelling ratio, and park area per capita). The features of the qualitative equity in Daegu is as follows. First, urban park planning in Daegu is in parallel with the development of residential areas rather than the local policy. The development pattern of parks stretching from center of the city to outskirts clearly dissociates the city based on socioeconomic status. The parks in the center are relatively old and poorly managed. Second, overall neighborhood parks lacked recreational facilities. The facilities are significantly influenced by the housing values around them. The lower the recreation facility score, the higher the floor gradient of the urban parks constraining physical activities. Third, the quantitative supply of parks has nothing to do with the quality of the urban parks. Green space distribution is highly dependent on natural park areas, so the park area per capita cannot be a standard for assessing qualitative equity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2021

The goal of this study is to explore ways to restructure Convergence Elective Courses in science in preparation for the high school credit system, ahead of the 2022 revised science curriculum. This study started from the problem that the 2015 revised science curriculum has not guaranteed science subject choice for students with non-science/engineering career aptitudes. To this end, a survey was conducted by randomly sampling high schools across the country. A total of 1,738 students responded to the questionnaire of 3 science elective courses such as Science History, Life & Science, Convergence Science. In addition, in-depth interviews with 12 science teachers were conducted to examine the field operation of these three courses, which will be classified and revised as Convergence Elective subjects in the 2022 revised curriculum. According to the results of the study, high school students perceive these three courses as science literacy courses, and find these difficult to learn due to lack of personal interest, and difficulties in content itself. The reason students choose these three courses is mainly because they have aptitude for science, or these courses have connection with their desired career path. Teachers explained that students mainly choose Life & Science, and both teachers and students avoid Science History because the course content is difficult. Based on the research results, we suggested ways to restructure Convergence Electives for the 2022 revised curriculum including developing convergence electives composed of interdisciplinary convergence core concepts with high content accessibility, developing convergence electives with core concepts related to AI or advanced science, developing module-based courses, and supporting professional development of teachers who will teach interdisciplinary convergence electives.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.87-106
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• 2022

This study compared working arrangements, interest in rural migration, and life satisfaction in Japan in two periods: immediately after the COVID-19 (2019 coronavirus disease) pandemic and two years after the global outbreak. The comparison was based on data from the "Survey on Changes in Attitudes and Behaviors in Daily Life under the Influence of Novel Coronavirus Infection, 2020, 2021", which was conducted four times by the Japanese Cabinet Office directly after the COVID crisis (May 2020 and September 2021). The respondents who participated in both the first and fourth surveys were employed individuals aged 20 years or older. The results are as follows. First, the proportion of Tokyo residents engaging in telework immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic was 36.1%, which is higher than the levels observed nationwide. Second, individuals involved in telework and those working under flexible arrangements were more highly interested in moving to rural areas than those who commute to work. Third, among people engaged in telework, life satisfaction diminished immediately after the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the period before this crisis. After two years of the pandemic, however, life satisfaction among this group improved. Changes in working arrangements due to the pandemic can be expected to promote migration, as well as help revitalize regions and encourage the discovery of new lifestyles.