• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

In this study, we tried to analyze the suitability of factory development location in environmental aspects using the Green Development Suitability Map(GDSMap) which was created by GIS analysis about the optimal location of development projects. For this, it was evaluated a influence of various environmental factors that were caused by developments by setting the legislative, environmental and ecological assessment items. In addition, we made the GDSMap by reflecting the characteristics of region & development project overall. And, it were compared a location distribution on the GDSMap & NEZMap(National Environmental Zoning Map) to analyze a suitability of factory development location about the 39 factories located in study area. Results of analysis, the factory locations of about 23% of total development projects were confirmed that it was performed in development restrictions area on the NEZMap which was utilized current in selecting the location of development projects. And the factory locations of about 31% of total development projects could confirm that it was performed in development restrictions area on the GDSMap which was made in this study. Therefore, it was judged that it must be determined the development location by considering the characteristics of development projects & that region when selecting the location of various development projects.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2013

Physiochemical characters of sea waters during summer flood- and winter dry-seasons and their spatial variations were investigated along the coastal area off the eastern South Sea, Korea. Using the hierarchical clustering method, in this study, we present comprehensive analyses of coastal waters masses and their seasonal variations. The results revealed that the coastal water of the study area was classified into six water masses (A to F). During summer season, the surface water was mainly occupied by the coastal pseudo-estuarine water (water mass B) with low salinity and high nutrients and the river-dominated coastal water (water mass C) with low nutrients, respectively. The bottom water was dominated by cold water (water mass D) with very low temperature, high salinity and high nutrients, compared to masses of surface water. Notably, the water mass B, with high concentrations of nutrients (silicate and nitrogen) and low salinity, which is strongly controlled by the water quality of river freshwater, seems to play an important role in controlling the water quality and further regulating physical processes on ecosystem in the eastern coastal area of South Sea. The water mass D (bottom cold water) coupled with a strong thermocline, which exists in near-bottom layer along the western margin of Korea Strait, has a low temperature, pH and DO, but abundant nutrients. This water mass disappears in winter owing to strong vertical mixing, and subsequently may act as a pool for nutrients during winter dry-season. On the other hand, vertically well-mixed water column during the winter season was typically occupied by the Tsushima (water mass E) and the coastal water (water mass F) with a development of coastal front formed in a transition zone between them. These winter water masses were characterized by low nutrient concentration and balance in N/P ratio, compared with summer season with high nutrient concentrations and strong N-limitation. Accordingly, the analysis of water masses will help one to better chemical and biological processes in coastal area. In most of the study area, characteristically, the growth of phytoplankton community is limited by nitrogen, which is clearly different with coastal environment of West Sea of Korea, with a relative lack of phosphorus. It showed the western and the southern coasts in Korea are substantially different from each other in environmental and ecological characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Today, environmentally friendly farming has become an important feature of agricultural policy. It promotes or sustains farming systems which protect and enhance the environment. This study was conducted to compare benthic invertebrate communities in an organic and a conventional paddy field in South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Benthic invertebrates were collected at 11 regions of a rice paddy from June to August, 2009, 2010 and 2011. These comparisons undertaken using a community assessment approaches such as the number of individuals and species and community composition. Generally, the larger number of individuals and species of benthic invertebrates was observed in an organic paddy than in a conventional paddy field. Organic paddy fields could supported the wider range of species and abundance in aquatic invertebrates comparing to conventional paddy fields. Carrying capacity to support larger numbers of invertebrates also tends to be higher in organic paddy than in conventional paddy field. Specially, organic farming regions surrounded by forests were high quality habitat for benthic invertebrates than other surrounded regions such as grassland. CONCLUSION(S): We concluded that organic farming was more advantaged to benthic invertebrates than conventional farming. In order to improve biodiversity in rice paddy field, farming regimes without agricultural chemicals are recommended. The effect of organic management on biodiversity and abundance of benthic invertebrates could be maximized across highland farmland.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 2016

Germany has carried out its environment friendly energy policy to prevent $CO_2$ emission that affects directly to the global warming phenomenon. Based on this direction, it has performed a sustainable development strategy through the R & D activities in environment and energy technologies. Accordingly, the core elements of German energy and sustainable development policies are renewable energy, ecological energy tax, and emission trading system. In particular, Germany has supported to develop renewable energy resources that prevents from consuming fossil energy resources. At the same time, it has set the ecological energy tax and initiated the emission trading system in order to support the renewable energy policy continuously. This paper analyze whether or not it is possible to generate an economic growth and a sustainable development while using renewable energy resources based on the renewable energy policy that minimize the negative effects on the environment. For that, the paper adopts Germany as a model country. In fact, it is possible to achieve the economic growth and the sustainable development if a nation can substitute increasing energy consumption for the economic growth to renewable energy resources that does not affect to the environment negatively. This model is the German energy policy and sustainable development strategy, and it is the purpose of the paper to prove it logically.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 2014

Objective of this paper is to assess the available data on the pesticide uses and regulations in the golf courses, and provide the nationwide systematic management options. Numbers of golf courses in Korea are rapidly increasing from 2000s and reached at 421 sites by the end of 2011. Accordingly pesticide usage has been increased with years in direct proportion to the increasing number of golf courses. Amounts of pesticide applied in 2011 were 118,669 kg as of an active ingredient and were in the orders of fungicides (54.9%) > insecticides (24.4%) > herbicides (13.3%) > growth regulators (0.1%). Average pesticide usages in 2011 were 280.9 kg per golf course and $5.4kg\;ha^{-1}$. Frequencies of the residual pesticide detections in green and turf were higher than those in fairway and soil, respectively. Residue of highly toxic pesticides was not detected in golf courses. Ministry of Environment in 2010 has developed the 'golf course pesticide monitoring and management system' which is the advanced online registry for kind and amount of pesticides applied in each golf course. This system is intended for monitoring of the pesticide uses and residual levels and protecting the environmental pollution from pesticides in the golf course. In 2009, management of pesticides in the golf courses became the task of Ministry of Environment, being merged from many federal agency and ministries. The protocol for the site-specific best management practices, on which to base results from the risk assessment, should be set for pesticides in the golf to minimize the environmental impacts.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the topographic effect of the LAI (Leaf Area Index), which has been widely used as an index that quantifies the structure of forest vegetation in Deogyusan National Park. With this aim, the study was conducted through a regression analysis which took as explanation the following variables: the elevation, slope, aspect, and soil moisture conditions. The LAI was taken as the response variable. Overall, the correlation between the Field-LAI and topographic factors was less than 0.5, which was relatively low. Except for topographic altitude, there was no statistical significance regarding the correlation with other factors. Meanwhile, regarding the orientation of the correlation, the higher the attitude, the steeper slope, the lower the soil moist, the lower the LAI value. The topographic altitude was found as a statistically significant explanation variable. The TWI (Topographic Wetness Index), which was used in this study to explain the soil moisture conditions, was not significantly related to the LAI distribution. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as basic data in more accurate forecasting the LAI distribution using remote sensing data.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.33-36
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• 2003

The influence of the visual information on the sound perception would be considerable. Furthermore, if the sound perception ranges in noisiness or annoyance beyond the loudness, it will depend much more on the shape of the visual information. This paper aims to estimate the influence of the several kinds of visual information on the perception of road traffic noise by means of the psycho-acoustic test method. The findings of present study on the influence of visual information on subjective noise perception are summarized as follows: Presenting visual images of mild and comfortable scenery reduced the noise perception reaction at the less noisy environments not exceeding 65 dB(A). At highly noisy environments exceeding 65 dB(A), however, the noise perception can be reduced by strong image of waterfall. Even eliminating the road traffic image may be helpful. Visual image of waterfall reduced the noise perception at all levels. It is inferred that the road traffic noise perception can be effectively ameliorated by presenting strong and real landscape images at any noisy environment.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to analysis the properties for reclassifying green roofs into three types by cluster analysis after investigating the present condition in thirty green roofs which were created from 2002 to 2004 by Seoul Metropolitan Government. The previous classification was resulted in structure safety diagnosis in the type of green roofs and visible judgment by experts in sites. However, it should have been corrected. Therefore, it needed a reestablished concept and a reclassification in green roofs. The results of this study are as follows : the concept of a rooftop garden and a green roof is different from previous studies. The rooftop gardens named by intensive green roofs are closed to integrated management, whereas the green roofs are closed to low management. The reclassification of green type was also conducted to use the statistic analysis of categorical regression by previous studies, and the factors extracted by the categorical regression were influenced by greening type. The figure of R-square representing explanation in regression analysis is 95.2%. As this result was analyzed, it was proved into rooftop gardens demanded for high activity by people.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

Ever since China declared its economic reform and opening up policies in the late 1970s, it has been under rapid change. The modernization process of China's history and society was in progress at a pace far too fast in the middle of the 20th century, and housing sector was no exception. This study is based on the houses showing enough changes of modernization process in the rural area, and with a comparative analysis based on the field survey data conducted respectively in the present decade, considered the architectural elements and changing aspects of housing lifestyle. This paper will explore (1) The changes and the status of the members of the village, (2) The changes and the status of the structures, (3) The changes and the status of the main areas of housing, (4) The changes and the status of the heating system and the kitchen that crucially affects the space size among the housing facilities, and (5) The changes and the status of the bathroom. Through this analysis, this paper will firstly look at how traditional rural houses has been changed under the modernization process, and will objectively evaluate the modernization process of the traditional rural houses so that it will help find a way of improving China's rural houses in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.432-432
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• 2015

농업용 저수지의 하류유역은 저수지로부터 농업용수를 공급받는 관개지구와 산림지 등 관개를 실시하지 않는 비관개지구의 수문순환이 복합적으로 연계된다. 이러한 저수지 하류유역의 하천유량은 배후 유역에서 발생하는 유역 유출량, 관개지구의 농업용수 회귀수량, 저수지에서 방류되는 환경용수 방류량과 제한수위 및 만수위 방류량, 그리고 지하수 유출량 등으로 구성된다. 본 연구에서는 저수지 하류의 하천유량 구성 요소를 해석하는 하천망 모형을 구성하였고, 대상지구의 자료를 구축하였으며, 모형의 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 비관개지구의 유출량 모의는 수정 3단 Tank 모형을 이용하였다. 관개지구의 배수량은 논 포장 배수량과 용수로 배수량을 구분하여 모의하며, 논 포장 배수량은 논 물수지식을 기반으로 모의하였다. 저수지 방류량은 저수지 유입량과 저수지 운영방식을 고려하여 모의하도록 구성하였다. 하도 추적은 Muskingum 방법을 이용하였다. 연구 대상지로 이동저수지 유역을 선정하여 기상, 지형, 수문, 그리고 영농 자료를 수집하여 모형의 입력 자료를 구축하였다. 모형의 평가를 위한 통계적 지표는 Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), root mean square error-observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), 그리고 percent bias (PBIAS)를 이용하였다. 보정 및 검정 결과 구성된 모형의 모의 결과는 실측치의 경향을 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 우리나라 농촌유역 물순환에 대한 이해를 넓히며, 저수지 하류유역 유량 해석을 위한 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.