• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-116
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• 2002

This study is based on the Ecological Design Theories related with the Village and Architectural planning. The purpose of this study is to propose the Rural Village Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment. To achieve this purpose, Normative Theory Study which means Logical Analysis of Ecological Theories in the new field of Ecological Village and Architecture Design, is done in accordance with the object of this study. This results derived of this study are as follows: 1. Six(6)-Environmentally Friendly Rural Village Planning Elements related with the purpose of this study, are clarified these are Land-use planning, Transfortation planning, Plants and Water, Living-thing Ecological System planning, Energy and resource planning, Village Culture and amenity planning, and Architectural Material planning. 2. Rural Village Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment is porposed by means of the Normative theroy study analysis and contents analysis related with Ecological Village and Architecture planning which contain Ecological Planning Elements, and case study.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

The Chongok karst cave which is located in Donghae-city, has high tourist and educational value due to existence of many doline(sink hole). Whereas this cave is easy to approach for the tourists, because this cave is located near the downtown, a high environmental riskiness such as sewage flowing has been also involved. In study, we observed the variation of water quality with long-term monitoring and investigated the possibility of existence of impact factor to water eco-system and determined the proper long-term monitoring factor among many monitoring criteria. The groundwater quality was maintained in the range of about $14^{\circ}C$ in temperature, over 10mg/l in dissolved oxygen and 7-8 in pH, so the impact factor in water eco-system was not observed. The guide line to make sure of tourist safety was determined to 60mm/d as daily rainfall. The conductivity was suggested to main factor for long-term monitoring main factor and pH/turbidity was suitable for the supplementary factor. For the seasonal variation monitoring, ORP was recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.605-614
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• 2015

This study was carried out to maintain, manage and restore the trails by assessing the physical conditions, the patterns of deterioration and the impact rating class of the major trails of Juwangsan National Park. The major trails followed 4 routes including Jubong, Gamaebong, Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi and Woloe. The route length of Jubong was 4.6 km; it was 3.6 km for Gamaebong, 5.6 km for Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi and 5.9 km for Woloe. As for the physical conditions, Jubong was the widest and Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the narrowest in trail width. In terms of the bared trail width, Jubong was the widest and Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the narrowest. As for the depth of erosion, Gamaebong was the deepest and Woloe was the shallowest. Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi was the steepest and Gamaebong was the gentlest in the slope. Further, Gamaebong showed the highest soil hardness, and Woloe had the lowest hardness. In terms of the times of appearance of deterioration patterns, Jubong recorded 71 times, Gamaebong 62 times, Janggunbong~Geumeungwangi 63 times and Woloe 78 times. In case of the impact rating class, the trail erosion was similar to grades I and II grade; the rest were mostly I grade and hence considered to be in a generally good condition. For the ongoing management of trails, a comprehensive study needs to be conducted in the light of various environmental factors. Also, a restoration plan for damaged trails should be established with consideration for the surrounding environment and ecosystem.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.443-449
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• 2017

Since usage of smartphone becomes popular, Ecology of smart media based on smartphone is creating new ecological system of information. This research is for evaluating usability and sustainability of application due to development of smartphone usage in these days. For the research, precedent researches were analyzed and hypothesis were set up based on those researches. Then, iCloud Calendar and Never Calendar, which are two major calendar applications, were evaluated by in-depth interview and measuring task performance time of interviewees, and used these results to verify hypothesis. Then verify hypothesis through the research and analyze which type of users focus on aesthetic impression, and which users focus on usability and practicality. This research is to analyze success and failure points of Calendar Applications' user experience design, and suggests guideline for future transformation of offline to online.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.93-99
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• 2017

Recently IoT(Internet of Things) service industry has grown very rapidly. In this paper, we investigated the changes in IoT service industry as well as new direction of human life in future global society. Under these changing market conditions, competition has been also changed into global and ecological competition. But compared to the platform initiatives and ecological strategies of global companies, Korean companies' vision of building ecosystems is still unclear. In addition, there is a need of internetworking between mobile and IoT services. IoT security Protocol has weakness of leaking out information from Gateway which connected wire and wireless communication. As such, we investigate the structure of IoT and AI service ecosystem in order to gain strategic implications and insights for the security industry in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study aims to suggest ways to improve sustainability on housing complexes. This study sampled eight housing projects in Seoul and GyeongGi-Do in Korea, which were completed in June 2007 and June 2008. Then, are retention and maintenance on "constructed greens for ecological environment" including "green structures substitutes retaining walls", "green roofs", and "green walls." Study methods are field investigations of the sampled sites, and Post Occupancy Analysis. Major findings were; 1) "constructed greens" are not well retained in more sites and and this implies the GBCS(Green Building Certification System) does not meet its objectives well, 2) User showed lower user satisfaction to "constructed greens". User satisfaction concerning "green structures substitute retaining walls" was higher than the satisfaction on the other constructed green type. Satisfaction Assessment Criteria lower 1han average were "level of quality", "meet the design objectives", "vegetation management status", "vegetation maintenance". 3) User satisfaction was strongly correlated on the level of quality factor of "constructed green". In addition, tue other factors are the significant correlations between the satisfactions. The present GBCS has inadequate assessment standards for maintenance, which lead to lower the entire satisfaction. Therefore, periodic recertification system, education and information providing for the managing personals, and incentives for good maintenance or disincentive for poor maintenance of the "constructed greens" are suggested to improve the GBCS.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.442-457
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• 1995

The relationships of environmental factors to the distribution patterns of the three species of ophiuroids, Ophiura kinbergi, O. sarsi and ). sarsi vadicola from Yellow Sea southeast seas and East Sea of Korea were studied to characterize their habitual niches. These three species chosen for study illustrated distinct niche and patterns according to their various preferences mainly for bottom water temperature, bottom water salinity and depth from seven environmental variables which were depth, bottom water temperature and salinity, density, bottom water oxygen content, grain size of the surface sediment, and sediment sorting coefficient. The results of habitat niche study mainly dealing with O. sarsi vadicola suggested that the optimum habitat rages were approximately 6$^{\circ}C$∼10$^{\circ}C$ in bottom temperature and 31%∼33.5% in bottom water salinity which also corresponded with the characteristic ranges of Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water and higher probabilities of occurrence (more than 70%) were found in depth ranging from 100 to 200 m. In addition, the habitats of O. kinbergi and O. sarsi were compared with that of O. sarsi vadicola. Their ranges of habitat niches were found to have different niches in physical space of bottom water temperature, bottom water salinity and depth. Based on the distribution pattern of O. sarsi vadicola in the Yellow Sea, the ecological barrier which confined the distribution of benthic macro-invertebrates in southern Yellow Sea was determined to be the Yellow Sea Warm Current (approximately 34% < and 18$^{\circ}C$ in December) which occurs between 33$^{\circ}$ and 34$^{\circ}$N of southern Yellow Sea in winter time.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.235-248
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• 2010

This study was carried out to the actual conditions and improvement of the eco-forests master plan in South Korea, and suggested its problems and improvement direction. Results from survey and analysis of limiting factors or constraints in the construction plans of eco-forests in Korea revealed that there were highly frequent problems involving site feasibility, topographic aspect, and existing vegetation. The results of survey on the status of land use indicated that the average ratio of the use of private estate was 29.7%, so then it was estimated that a great amount of investment in purchase of eco-forest site would be required. Results from survey on major introduced facilities showed that there was high frequency of introduction of infrastructure, building facility, recreational facility, convenience facility, and information facility, and that there was low frequency of introduction of plant culture system, ecological facility, structural symbol and sculpture, and the likes. There was just one eco-forest park where more than 500 species of plants grew, and the result of investigation indicated that the diversity of plant species in 11 eco-forest parks was lower than the standards for construction of eco-forest. Results from analysis of the projects costs revealed that investment cost in facilities was higher than planting costs, and that a large amount of investment was made in the initial stage of the project. There was no planned budget for the purpose of cultivating and maintaining the plants and vegetation after construction of eco-forest. The basic concepts in construction of eco-forests were established according to the guidelines presented by the Korea Forest Service; however, the detailed work of the project was planned with its user-oriented approach. Then the construction of eco-forest was being planned following the directions, which would lead to development of a plant garden similar to arboretum or botanical garden. Therefore, it is required that the architect who designs eco-forest as well as the public officer concerned firmly establish the concepts of eco-forest, and that, through close analysis of development conditions, a candidate site to fit the purpose of constructing eco-forest be selected, and also a substantive management plan be established upon completion of construction of eco-forest.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.97-106
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• 2011

This study has been conducted focusing on the analysis of the turn-key proposal for Gimpo-Han River New City. The study expected that it would come up with design trends and introduction properties of each plan for the eco-friendly development of an apartment house. The concept of environment-friendly design was thought in four parts: 'Land use and transportation,' 'Ecological environment', 'Energy resource and environmental impact' and analysis factors of each part were chosen by specific items from the prospective researches and guidelines that already given on the projects. In conclusion, a proper development of the environmental-friendly apartment house will not be achieved unless the designers try to overcome their prejudice against eco-friendly planning elements applications. Along with the designers' attempt, it is also necessary to review the evaluation articles of the certification system for the existing environmental-friendly structures as well as to compensate and establish detailed evaluation standards. As the problems are being worked on, an integrated, effective evaluation standard for the eco-friendly planning elements will be determined. This way, an environmental-friendly residential development with a better quality will be eventually realized.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1565-1569
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• 2008

지난 수십 년 동안, 아시아 태평양 지역 각국은 수자원 접근성 및 인프라의 확충을 포함한 물관리의 다양한 측면에서 현저히 발전하였다고 평가되고 있다. 그러나 급속한 인구 증가 및 경제 성장, 도시화, 기존 수자원의 고갈 등은 아태 지역의 물 수요가 여전히 충족시키지 못하는 원인이다. 또한 기후변화로 인한 환경적 변화를 고려하여 모든 수자원정책의 입안 및 계획이 이루어져야 한다. 경제적 성장률은 전반적으로 높았지만 빈곤 문제는 역시 도시나 농촌을 구분할 것 없이 만성적인 문제로 남아 있으며, 아태 지역 개도국 인구의 16%가 영양실조 상태이며, 2015년까지 그 수를 반감하자는 밀레니엄 개발목표(Millenium Development Goals, MDGs) 달성은 아직 갈 길이 멀다. 또한 아태 지역은 물 관련 재해에 대해 전 세계에서 가장 취약한 지역이며 그로 인한 지속가능한 발전이 지체되고 있다. 1960년부터 2006년까지 물 관련 재해로 인한 전 세계 사상자의 80%에 달하는 60만 명의 사상이 아태 지역에서 발생하였으며, 80억 달러의 경제적 손실이 있었다. 홍수, 가뭄, 쓰나미, 폭풍, 해일 등으로 인한 사회경제적 피해는 최근 들어 더욱 확산되고 있다. 지난 10년간의 급속한 인구 증가로 많은 인구가 범람지대 및 기타 재해 취약 지역에 거주하게 되었으며, 이는 물 인프라 확충을 위한 많은 투자를 요하고 있다. 2006년 3월 멕시코에서 개최된 제4차 세계물포럼의 지역별 추진과정에서 아태 지역은 생태계, 인구, 정치적 제도 및 사회경제적 환경 등 각국의 다양성이 이와 같은 공통된 물문제 해결에 기반이 될 수 있는 요소임에 공감하고 지속적인 수자원 확보와 올바른 수자원관리에 공동의 노력을 기울여 효율적인 메커니즘을 구성을 통해 아태 지역의 사회경제적 발전을 촉구하기로 하였다. 이에 아시아 태평양 물포럼(Asia-Pacific Water Forum)이라는 새로운 이니셔티브가 구성되었고 물 관련 재원 조달 및 인프라 확보를 통해 국경을 초월하는 협력을 증진하고 재해 관리와 조화로운 수자원 개발과 생태 보호등을 위한 일관된 수자원정책 수립과 프로그램 개발 등을 목표로 설정하여 활동을 시작하였다. 아시아 태평양 물정상회의(이하 아태 물정상회의, Asia-Pacific Water Summit(APWS))는 이러한 목표 달성을 구체화하기 위해 각국의 지도자 및 정책입안자에 밀레니엄 개발목표(MDGs) 달성을 위해 물 문제가 얼마나 중요한지 부각시키고 실질적인 정책 결정에 기여하기 위해 제안되었다. 제1차 아태 물정상회의가 2007년 12월 3-4일 양일에 걸쳐 일본 벳부에서 개최되었고, 2008년 G8 정상회담이나 2009년 제5차 세계물포럼에 직접적으로 연계되어 지역 협력을 주도한 가운데 아태 지역 뿐 아니라 전 지구적으로 인류 및 사회 발전을 위한 이정표로 새로운 수자원 네트워크 발돋움의 계기가 되었다.