• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.54-60
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• 2013

This study carried out a phytosociological research by Z.-M. school's method describing vegetation structure and management solution about nutmeg tree's(Torreya nucifera ) forests. The nutmeg tree's forests have developed intervale and hills in warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests zone. The nutmeg tree's forests composed 50 familly, 80 genus, 88 species divided two syntaxa(typical sub-community, Arachniodes aristata sub-community) by species composition and correspond to habitat condition. The nutmeg tree's forests show a uniform forest's structure which composed 3~4 layer of sub-tree and shrub. And it was worthy of special mention which characterized diagnostic species of Camellietea japonicae in the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests. In case of forests floor, were a high rate in order of Ophiopogon japonicus, Polystichum tripteron, Arisaema ringens. And Oplismenus undulatifolius which represent mantle communities as well. This indicates that the nutmeg tree's forests are exposed by humman effects sustainedly. The nutmeg tree's young trees appeared a high rate at half shade and shade. The vigorous tree species have to spacing cutting instead of the heavy thinning that consist in with a shout of declining astructur and function of the forest ecosystem for maintaining a nutmeg tree's forests. And we suggest for the density regulation of the sub-tree and shrub. In conclusion, need to the continuous monitoring about the vegetation structure and management solution for the sustainable nutmeg tree's forests.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2009

Biological Characteristic of Obolodiplosis robiniae and insecticidal activity of some insecticides against larvae of O. robiniae were investigated. Egg was in oval shape, and its color was light orange and became red when close to hatch. Length of the major axis and the minor axis of egg was 0.4 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. Larval color was milky and size was 2.6 mm. Pupa was deep brown and its size was about 3.2 mm. Wing and abdomen of adult was black and reddish, respectively. Size of female adult was about 3.3 mm, and larger than male adult. Number of eggs in the ovary was $192.3{\pm}50.7$. First emergence was from late April to late May, and second from late May to late June. Third emergence was from late June to late July. Newly emerged adult escaped from soil, and second and third emerged adult escaped directly from gall of Robinia pseudoacacia leaf. Egg parasitoid was identified as Platygaster robiniae and parasite rate was 51.6%. Among test insecticides, imidacloprid 10% WP and thiacoprid 10% FL showed very strong insecticidal activity against larvae of O. robiniae at 48h later after treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

The fauna of freshwater fish and water chemistry characteristics were investigated from June, 2014 to October, 2014 at 10 sites in Taebaeksan Provincial Park. A total of 7 species under three families were collected from the survey sites and among them one endangered species - Koreocobitis naktongensis - was identified. The endemic species of Korea were 2 species: Koreocobitis naktongensis, Iksookimia koreensis. Dominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(89%) and subdominant species was Orthrias nudus(8.9%). Water quality including conductivity, turbidity, pH and total dissolved solids(TDS) varied largely depending on the sampling locations. Values of ambient conductivity and TDS were greater in the upstream than in the downstream, and seasonal variabilities were also higher in the upstream. The pH decreased towards the downstream, and especially showed a sharp decrease in S5. This phenomenon was evident due to a dilution by the influx in the acid mine drainage(AMD) of S4. Physical habit conditions, based on qualitative habitat evaluation index(QHEI) model, indicated a "Sub-optimal" condition(mean: 157.3; range: 78 ~ 194) in the Sodo stream watersheds.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.363-394
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of the Hongcheon-gun area in Gangwon Province. The vascular plants were collected 13 times(from April 2008 to May 2009), and 1,055 taxa in total were identified, including 43 orders, 118 families, 443 genera, 903 species, 6 subspecies, 125 varieties, 18 form and 3 hybrids. Among them, 37 taxa of Korean endemic plants and the Office of Forestry-designated rare & endangered plants were identified as 35 taxa. Based on the list of plants which have been approved for overseas delivery, 61 taxa were recorded in the investigated area. The Ministry of Environment-designated plants, which should be protected by the wildlife protection law, were identified as four taxa and 224 taxa of specially designated plants by the Ministry of Environment. The naturalized plants were identified as 45 taxa, and their naturalization ratio and urban index were found to be 4.3%, and 16.1% respectively. 1,055 taxa listed consists of 359 taxa(34%) of edible plants, 293 taxa(27.7%) of medicinal plants, 166 taxa(15.7%) of pasture plants, 143 taxa(13.5%) of ornamental plants, 41 taxa(3.9%) of timber plants, 25 taxa(2.3%) of fiber plants and 3 taxa(0.2%) of industrial plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.406-425
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• 2010

The flora for resource plants in Hapcheon-gun were investigated 10 times from March to October, 2009. Based on collected voucher specimens, the flora of this area consisted of 489 taxa in total; 82 families, 292 genera, 427 species, 4 subspecies, 49 varieties and 9 forms. The resources plants in the area were categorized by usage into 9 groups including an unknown group: 187 edible, 126 pasturing, 137 medicinal, 112 dyeing, 52 ornamental, 16 timber, 9 fiber, 2 industrial taxa and 134 unknown resource plants were recorded respectively. In addition, there were 18 taxa of Korean endemic plants, 33 taxa of specific plants which were designated by the Ministry of Environment, and 2 taxa of rare plants. Furthermore, 44 taxa of naturalized plants were observed in this investigated area. The vegetation status of the investigated area was well conserved, but it is likely that the contaminated area could be rapidly increased and exacerbated by the climbers and development of forest roads. Therefore, the systems for conservation need to be prepared for the effective management of forests, and there must be special rules to control the number of climbers and visitors.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.658-665
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• 2008

One of the characteristics of fluvial river channel with sand bed-material is the existence of movable sand bars not occupied with vegetation. However, sand bars at the Hahoe's reach of the Nakdong River showing a double-meandering channel has been changed into expanding vegetation area. Moreover, sand material, in recent years, has stopped moving to downstream in channel and the number and area of bare bars which did not occupied by vegetation have been decreased. In order to find out the mechanism, we carried out the channel characteristics surveys such as hydro-geomorphologic, soil physio-chemical and vegetation surveys were conducted twice on autumn season in 2005,2006. The results so far achieved showed that the reduced discharge of transported sediment and duration of dry season might be critical factors for the spread of luxuriant vegetation. The vegetation area was significantly expanded by floods exceeding the subsequent dominant flow discharge. Furthermore, the expansion of vegetation area was highly correlated with the supply of organic matter, nutrients and alteration of soil texture by sediment deposition during the flooding event.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-195
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular flora of Mt. Nam, Mt. Toham, and Mt. Danseok in Gyeongju National Park. The vascular plants were surveyed for 7 times from July 2011 to May 2012. The results were summarized as 436 taxa, 96families, 284 genera, 385 species, 4 subspecies, 41 varieties, and 6 forms. The 13 taxa were categorized as Korean endemic plants species and the other 7 taxa as rare plants species, which categorized by the Korea Forest Service. Based on the Floristic Degrees categorized by the Specific Distribution of Plants Species, one taxa grouped as the Floristic Degree V, 3 for Floristic Degree IV, and 9 for Floristic Degree III, 4 for Floristic Degree II, and 24 taxa for Floristic Degree I. The naturalized plants were recorded as 29 taxa, and their Naturalization Ratio and Urbanization Index were recorded as 6.65%, and 9.03%, respectively. 436 taxa listed consists of 182 taxa(41.7%) of pasturing plant, 176 taxa(40.4%) of edible plants, 147 taxa(33.7%) of medicinal plants, 52 taxa(11.9%) of ornamental plants, 18 taxa(4.1%) of timber plants, 16 taxa(3.7%) of stain plants, 8 taxa(1.8%) of fiber plants, 1 taxa(0.2%) of industrial plants and 79 taxa(18.1%) of unknown plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.199-226
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• 2020

Hwangmaesan Mt. (1,108 m) is rich in forest biodiversity and is a part of the Sobaek mountain range located in Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsang-do in Korea. Unfortunately, the biodiversity and ecosystem integrity of Hwangmaesan Mt. have recently been threatened by heavy human disturbances. We conducted thirteen field surveys between March and October of 2019 to investigate the vascular flora in Hwangmaesan Mt. Through this extensive survey, we found 628 taxa consisting of 106 families, 349 genera, 554 species, 16 subspecies, 48 varieties, and 10 forma. Based on a comparative analysis between the present findings and former flora reports, our results showed an increase by 28 percent in the number of taxa observed. Of the 628 taxa, dicotyledons made up the largest group (477 taxa, 76.0%) followed by monocotyledons (120 taxa, 19.1%). Endemic plants consisted of 16 taxa, with rare plants designated by the Korea Forest Service numbering 14 taxa. Ten taxa were listed on the Red list by the Ministry of the Environment. The floristic target species designated by the Ministry of the Environment numbered 75 taxa, whereas there were 42 taxa of invasive plants.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2017

The Naeseong Stream is a meandering sand-bed stream flowing through mountains and has so long maintained its geomorphological uniqueness characterized by extensive braided bare bars. Recently, its long-lasting landscape has been changed due to encroachment of vegetation. In this study being a part of long-term monitoring research morphological changes of the 56.8 km long study reach of the Naeseong Stream, which occurred during the period of 2012 - 2016 were analyzed. Airborne LiDAR and terrestrial cross-section surveys were carried out. Hydrological and on-site investigation data were also collected. Among the main four sites, two bend reaches showed point bars enlarged, while along the other two straight reaches mid-channel bars were either newly formed or increased in area and height. At the highest deposition point of each bar, vertical changes which were caused by one or two times of sediment deposition amounted to 0.6 - 1.4 m. On the contrary channel bed degradation was not obvious. Overall morphological changes in the study reach were attributed to deposition of sediment which occurred during the flood in July 2016 on the bar surfaces vegetated during the precedent dry seasons. These kind of geomorphological processes are thought to be the same as those related to the existing mid-channel islands along the mid- and downstream reach of the Naeseong Stream.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.158-170
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• 2016

We investigated the occurrence of the dinoflagellate genus Alexandrium in the nineteen Korean coastal sites from July to October 2013. Alexandrium-like planktonic cells were microscopically observed only in four out of the 19 sampling sites. From the samples containing Alexandrium-like cells 22 clonal cultures of Alexandrium species were established by single cell or single chain isolation method. Taxonomic identity of the 4 different strains ascertained by the robust analyses of morphological and molecular genetic characteristics were confirmed to be A. catenella, A. affine, A. fraterculus and an unidentified Alexandrium sp. for which strain WEB-Alex-01 was assigned. It was ascertained that in spite of hot summer diverse Alexandrium species attaining up to four were distributed in the study area, in contrast with the long empirical recognition that the emergence of Alexandrium species is restricted to cooler seasons like spring or autumn in Korean coastal waters. Morphology and genetic characteristics of Alexandrium sp. strain WEB-Alex-01 are different from any other previously reported Alexandrium species from Korean seas, which implies that further studies on taxonomic, physiological, ecological and toxicological properties of the newly recorded Alexandrium species are needed.