• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.506-506
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• 2022

비점오염원에서 배출되는 오염부하량(BOD, T-P)은 점오염원의 2배 이상을 차지하고 있어 비점오염원 관리에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이에 비점오염원의 효율적 관리를 위한 전략 및 추진과제 마련을 위해 제1차('04-'11), 제2차('12-'20) 비점오염원 관리 종합대책(이하 종합대책)이 수립 및 이행되었다. 이어 2016년 물환경보전법 개정에 따라 종합대책의 수립이 법제화되고 지난 2020년 말 제3차 비점종합대책('21~'25)이 수립되었다. 제3차 비점종합대책은 수질개선이 체감되는 비점오염원 관리라는 비전을 가지며 도시, 농·축산, 산림, 관리기반의 4개 분야에 총 71개의 세부 추진과제를 제시하고 있다. T-P 비점오염배출부하량 5% 감축, 불투수율 감축, 비점오염관리지역개소 확대, 고랭지 흙탕물 관리지역 구역 확장, 지역 거버넌스 구축을 대책의 목표와 각 분야별 관리지표로 제시하고 있다. 물환경보전법 제53조의5와 동법 시행령 제75조의3에 따라 환경부장관은 매년 이행사항을 점검 및 평가하여 그 결과를 비점오염원 관리 정책의 수립 및 집행에 반영해야 한다. 지난 제1·2차 대책의 경우 성과 점검 및 관리를 위한 체계가 부재하여 사업의 실효성 확보에 한계가 있었으며 이에 따라 소관별 이행사항 점검 및 평가체계의 필요성이 제기되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 종합대책 이행평가 전략 및 세부 추진체계를 마련하여 효율적인 소관별 이행사항 점검 및 평가를 도모하고자 하였다. 분야별 세부 추진과제는 매년, 대책의 목표와 각 분야별 관리지표는 대책 시행 후 5차년에 점검 및 평가할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 또한 종합대책의 최종 목표 달성 시뮬레이션을 통해 5차년 이후 원활한 평가가 이루어질 수 있도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 마련한 이행평가 체계를 통해 적절한 이행평가 및 효율적인 비점오염원 관리를 도모할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.502-510
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• 2022

In the national greenhouse gas inventory, a settlements category has never been included owing to the lack of activity data. Therefore, this study was conducted to obtain basic data for estimating biomass carbon storage in settlements. Nondestructive stem analysis with a laser dendrometer was performed on four major street tree species (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Prunus armeniaca, Ginkgo biloba, and Acer buergerianum) in Wonju city, South Korea. Allometric equations of the aboveground volume were developed using five models, and allometric equations of crown area were developed with diameter at breast height (DBH) as an independent variable. The best performing allometric equations were aD²+bD+c for M.glyptostroboides and G. biloba, aD+bD² for P. armeniaca, and a+bD² for A. buergerianum. Regarding the allometric equations of crown area with DBH as an independent variable, G. biloba and A. buergerianum exhibited low coefficients of determination (R²), i.e., < 0.364, whereas M. glyptostroboides and P. armeniaca exhibited satisfactory R² values, i.e., > 0.767, probably due to different street tree management practices. The allometricequations in this study will support the carbon inventory of settlements and urban tree monitoring in management practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.14-28
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• 2017

Mt. Seunghak's Miscanthus sinensis community is not only a landscape resource in terms of cultural services within the Ecosystem Services but also a site that is visited by many mountaineers in autumn. As the current Miscanthus sinensis community has been experiencing a rapid decline due to Korean forest succession characteristics, ongoing artificial management is thought to be needed for landscape resource use. The purpose of this study was to determine growth environment characteristics and the cause of the rapid decline of the Miscanthus sinensis community in Mt. Seunghak, which is located inside a large city with a large scale and outstanding accessibility. As the Miscanthus sinensis community is the representative early vegetation that appears temporarily in dry, barren soil, the Miscanthus sinensis community in Korean forest succession tends to be unsustainable. As the current soil on Mt. Seunghak is inappropriately fertile for the Miscanthus sinensis community, other wetland woody plant communities are anticipated to succeed it. If Miscanthus sinensis community maintenance is needed for Miscanthus sinensis landscape scenery, various alternatives apart from overall Miscanthus sinensis community maintenance should be determined for cost-effective management. For example, while many byways toward the inside of the Miscanthus sinensis community have affected the Miscanthus sinensis community growth environment, the installation of wooden fences and ropes has been a control in approach. As a result of this positive effect, many byways toward the inside of Miscanthus sinensis community have been restored naturally. Through viewable range analysis, as good scenery sites on the observatory have a good viewable range on the main trail as well, if these scenery sites are intensively managed, effective Miscanthus sinensis ccommunity management will be done despite maintenance budget cutbacks. This study is expected to be used as a basic material regarding the alternatives for a sustained Miscanthus sinensis community and the possibility of cultivating other growth in poor soils of fallow fields and unused land.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.3 s.108
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• pp.321-334
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• 2005

This study aims to calculate reasonable carving capacity of the Gwangneung area and to review its tourism policies from the perspective of the tourist's demands. According to the analysis results, The socio-psychological carrying capacity by targeted intervals of time is generally underestimated and less than desired. Parking lots followed by stores and then roads are the biggest issues weighing down the area's carving capacity Also, another finding shows that the physical carrying capacity, analyzed based on area use, is estimated for 600 tourists and 130 cars. This study recommends following that Gwangneung establish various tour programs linking its cultural and historical sites to forest and ecological resources. Further to this, Gwangneung might be better off exerting efforts to developing environmental education programs and training more cultural and ecological guides. The findings necessitate that should be made off limits to cars, and instead servicing the area with shuttle buses. Management offices can also be classrooms used for cultural, historical and ecological education and exhibitions. Other findings suggest an expansion of convenience facilities such as more potable water stations, benches, resting areas and a continued monitoring of tourism activities in the area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Korea now boasts a vastly forested landscape resulting from a successful forest restoration projects carried out in the past several decades. However, Korea's forest now face new challenges, such as the rapidly increasing mature forests, climate change, and various novel forest disturbances with both natural and anthropogenic causes. Considering the extensive spatial and temporal scale of the forests and the challenges it face, it is necessary to utilize a tool that can properly tackle the issues with such nature. This brings our attention to Forest Landscape Models, which have been actively developed and used to improve our understanding of how forests respond to a variety of changes and to satisfy the society's demand on forests and its ecosystem services. A large variety of Forest Landscape Models exist, with a wide spectrum of algorithms, various selections of ecological processes they simulate, and the spatial and temporal scale they utilize, so that any researcher may find a model that fits one's use. However, it is important to properly understand the properties of such models so that the right model is used and the results are aptly interpreted. In this study, we describe and characterize the various Forest Landscape Models based on their historical roots, lineages, and development, ecological characteristics, and computational aspects, and discuss how they can be classified and what limits should be recognized to assist in model selection and utilization.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.635-646
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• 2018

This study sought to identify the characteristics of seasonal concentration differences of particulate matter influenced by land cover types associated with particulate matter emission and reductions, namely forest and urbanized regions. PM10 and PM2.5 was measured with quantitative concentration in 2016 on 23 urban air monitoring stations in Seoul, classified the stations into 3 groups based on the ratio of urbanized and forest land covers within a range of 3km around station, and analysed the differences in particulate matter concentration by season. The center values for the urbanized and forest land covers by group were 53.4% and 34.6% in Group A, 61.8% and 16.5% in Group B, and 76.3% and 6.7% in Group C. The group-specific concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 by season indicated that the concentration of Group A, with high ratio of forests, was the lowest in all seasons, and the concentration of Group C, with high ratio of urbanized regions, had the highest concentration from spring to autumn. These inter-group differences were statistically significant. The concentration of Group C was lower than Group B in the winter; however, the differences between Groups B to C in the winter were not statistically significant. Group A concentration compared to the high-concentration groups by season was lower by 8.5%, 11.2%, 8.0%, 6.8% for PM10 in the order of spring, summer, autumn and winter, and 3.5%, 10.0%, 4.1% and 3.3% for PM2.5. The inter-group concentration differences for both PM10 and PM2.5 were the highest in the summer and grew smaller in the winter, this was thought to be because the forests' ability to reduce particulate matter emissions was the most pronounced during the summer and the least pronounced during the winter. The influence of urbanized areas on particulate matter concentration was lower compared to the influence of forests. This study provided evidence that the particulate matter concentration was lower for regions with higher ratios of forests, and subsequent studies are required to identify the role of green space to manage particulate matter concentration in cities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.299-308
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• 1999

How the society perceives National Park plays the most important role to achieve the goal for the National Park, which is to protect the ecosystems in the park. The survey for the visitors to Soraksan National Park was conducted to search for the answer to the question. As a result of the analysis based upon the perception types derived from the survey and factors affecting those types, the National Park can be explained by emotionally oriented type(scenic beauty), culturally oriented type, recreation oriented type, and economically oriented type. The first three types are strongly rooted in traditional culture, whereas the fourth type always conflicts with the goal of ecosystem protection. Korea has a long way to go to be familiarized with both the concept of ecosystem protection required by IUCN(The World Conservation Union) and the environmental ethics approach popularly promoted in the western world. The long term strategy for the protection of natural ecosystem should be approached in a manner that the traditional culture can be integrated into all aspects of park management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for preserving forest ecosystem with understanding forest wetland condition of Mt. Cheongok. It was found from this research that vascular plants of surveyed area were composed of 72 families, 167 genera, 209 species, and 2 subspecies, 27 varieties, 5 formae. totaling 243 taxa. Among the investigated vascular plants, Korea endemic plants were 9 species, rare plants 15 species, and naturalized plants 8 species, respectively. According to the occurrence frequency within the wetland investigated, obligate upland plants (OBU) accounted for 75.72% (184) among the total species investigated, wherea obligate wetland plant (OBW) were four species (4.65%). There were 26 of hygrophyte plants and 2 of emergent plants in the research area according to wet degree. According to habitat category, the most frequently occurred habitat was forest (136 species, 55.97%), and the others were in the order of meadow and shrubland (70 species, 28.81%), wet meadow (35 species, 14.40%), and aquatic environment (2 species, 0.82%), respectively. In the result of analysis of important value, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Carex pseudosinensis was the highest as 22.17% and 10.40%. It was confirmed that the species diversity was relatively high. Shannon-Wiener's species diversity index was calculated as 2.507. Based on these results, long-term monitoring survey should be urgently needed for ecological restoration and recovery.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.332-337
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• 2008

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in bird communities in breeding season between coniferous forests of Mt. Namsan and Gwangneung areas from April to August 2006. We chose a study site of 10ha in size for territory mapping of breeding bird community in each area. There were significant difference in DBH distribution of trees and average foliage profiles between both study areas. Number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and bird species diversity were higher in Gwangneung area than in Mt. Namsan area. Number of bird species and breeding pairs belonged to hole and canopy guild were different between both study areas. The difference in breeding bird communities between both study areas may be related with forest structure. For the protection and management of birds, greater structural complexity would be needed in Mt. Namsan area.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2018

This study was carried out to provide basic information on efficient preservation and management of an Abies koreana forest through analyzing the ecological characteristics by slope in Seseok, Mt. Jirisan. Soil moisture content at southern and northern slopes was 29.9% and 21.7%, respectively, and there was no significant difference among soil properties between southern and northern slopes. The importance value of A. koreana in the southern and northern slopes was high for tree and subtree layers, respectively. It is noteworthy that many seedling and saplings of A. koreana were present on the southern slope. The species diversity was 0.413 for the tree layer, 0.632 for the subtree layer, and 0.609 for the shrub layer on the southern slope and 0.396 for the tree layer, 0.783 for the subtree layer, and 1.215 for the shrub layer on the northern slope. Evenness and dominance ranged from 0.371 to 0.609 and 0.629 to 0.391 on the southern slope and from 0.380 to 0.968 and 0.620 to 0.032 on the northern slope, respectively. The mortality of A. koreana was 9.6% on the southern slope and 24.4% on the northern slope, a distinct difference between the slopes. The mortality type at two slopes was the highest proportion of standing dead. Annual mean tree ring growth of A. koreana on the southern slope (1.76 mm/yr) was higher than that on the northern slope (1.64 mm/yr).