• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생태기능상태

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Assessment of Close-to-nature Rivers Restored in Chung-Buk Province (충북도내 조성된 자연형 하천의 조사 및 평가)

  • Yeon, Gyu-Bang;Yeon, In-Sung;Yoon, Kang-Hun;Maeng, Seung-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.536-540
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 충청북도 내 각 지자체에서 조성한 자연형 하천에 대하여 자연형 하천의 기능을 올바르게 이해하고, 친자연공법을 적용하여 "내고장 하천살리기" 사업을 제대로 시행하고 있는지를 조사하고 평가한 것이다. 주민들이 경제적으로 여유를 가지게 되면서 마음의 안정과 심미적 가치를 주거지의 인접거리에 있으면서 생태학적으로 가장 역동적인 생물서식지이며 추이대인 하천변에서 찾게 되면서 각 지자체에서는 경쟁적으로 많은 공사비를 투입하여 자연형 하천을 조성하였다. 자연형 하천을 조성하기 위해서는 하천이 가지고 있는 다양한 역할을 이해하고, 하천에 대한 올바른 진단과 대안제시를 통해야 함에도 불구하고 세심한 검토가 부족한 상태에서 예산과 건설장비를 투입하고, 조성된 하천을 방치한다면 생명체들이 살아 숨 쉬는 하천으로 되살아나기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 내고장 하천을 자연형 하천으로 살리기 위한 기준을 다음과 같이 설정하고 충청북도 내 각 지자체에서 조성한 자연형하천을 평가하여 자연형하천 조성에 대한 업무의 눈높이를 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 것이다. 1) 내 고장 하천 고유의 특성을 산출하고 이에 따른 자연형 하천공법의 추진 2) 하천의 생태복원을 위하여 모니터링을 실시하고, 서식처 보존사업의 추진 3) 주민, 행정부서 간에 하천살리기 실천활동과 거버넌스 행정구현의 추진.

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Planting Evaluations for the Landscaping Tree and Application Plan by Assessment Grade in the City Park - A Case Study of Haedoji Park, Songdo, Incheon Metropolitan City - (도시공원 조경수목 식재 평가 및 평가등급 적용 방안 - 인천광역시 송도 해돋이공원을 대상으로 -)

  • Han, Bong-Ho;Cho, Hun-Gum;Kwak, Jeong-In;Park, Seok-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.457-471
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    • 2014
  • This study aims to present an evaluation scheme to improve the problems in tree shapes and tree growth which were identified through shape and growth assessments of landscape trees currently planted in Haedoji Park, Songdo, Incheon Metropolitan City after plant structure status and propriety review for funtion of space and concept of planting. Suitability the planting concept was evaluated according to function of space. The result indicated that the shade planting areas accounted for 29.5% of the the shade spaces area. 58.7%, respectively planting areas of visual landscape. And 11.8%, respectively planting areas of buffer. Because the planting areas was lacked according to the park established spatial configuration of central facilities and the result of plant young trees. Plant structure status required consideration with plant structure, density, size, growth status for improve planting function. The tree assessment was performed on a total of 28 species and 600 trees of which 22 species and 209 trees were planted in the buffer zone, 8 species and 71 trees in the shade zone, 16 species and 266 trees in the visual landscape zone, and 4 species and 54 trees in the ecological landscape zone. The trees were divided into grades based on their assessment score and were statistically grouped by the functional zone in where they are planted and by tree species to verify their significance. The tree shape assessment was an average of 56.6 points and the tree growth assessment was an average of 76.0 points. Using the results of the tree assessments, the tree standards for each functional space were identified and a concept of optimum planting and cultivating was applied. When applying the shape assessment results by zone to the concept of planting, since trees for buffering require high functionality they received E's, the lowest grade; as trees for ecological landscaping require diverseness and naturalness, they received D's; since trees for shading require utilization, they received C's as trees with branching at the main stems were considered; and since trees for visual landscaping required aesthetical value, they received A's and B's. When applying the growth assessment results by zone to the concept of planting, based on planting foundations of favorable and poor, for buffering, visual landscaping, and ecological landscaping, trees from grades A to E could be planted, and for shading, trees from grades A to C could be planted. For a cultivation plan that could improve the growth of the trees, we proposed that the topography of the land be selected considering the tree's characteristics and that a method of pot seeding be used. Also, to improve the shape of the trees, we proposed that poles be used to improve the growth of vertically-straight stems, an appropriate planting density be applied for reasonable branch growth, manage tree shape to maintain good crowning, and better manage fertilization to maintain a reasonable crown density.

A Study for Riverbed Variation in Upstream of Dam (댐 상류 지역의 하상변화에 대한 연구)

  • Choi, Gye-Woon;Chang, Yun-Gyu;Ham, Myeong-Soo;Hwang, Young-Man
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.967-971
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    • 2008
  • 하상변화는 하천정비기본계획을 수립함에 있어 매우 중요한 고려사항 중에 하나이다. 이는 하상의 변화가 이 치수 및 생태계에 있어 큰 영향을 주기 때문이다. 적절하지 못한 하상변화의 예측은 기 축조된 하천구조물의 기능과 안정성을 위협하며, 이는 직접적으로 큰 경제적 피해를 일으킬 수 있다. 특히, 인공적으로 지어지는 댐과 같은 수공구조물의 축조는 하천의 상 하류간의 연결성을 끊어놓음으로서 자연상태에서의 유사이송 변화를 일으키며 이는 하천의 급격한(자연상태와 비교하여 비교적 단시간동안 일어나는) 하상변화의 주 원인으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 댐 축조에 의해 상류지역의 하상이 어떻게 변화하는지를 연구하기 위하여 대상지역으로 충주댐 상류 지역을 설정하였으며, 충주댐 축조 후 1996년 측량자료와 최근의 2007년 측량자료를 수집하여 충주댐 상류구간의 하상변화를 분석하였다. 또한, 현장에서 채취한 하상토 입도분포 자료와 관련 수문자료를 수집하여 Hec-Ras 와 Hec-6 프로그램을 이용하여 하상변화에 대한 모의 시뮬레이션 결과를 측량자료와 비교하여 댐 상류지역의 하상변화 특성을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.

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An analysis of trends in wetland function assessments and further suggestions (습지 기능 평가의 동향 분석 및 제언)

  • Hong, Mun Gi;Kim, Jae Geun
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2017
  • Wetland function assessment is not only a basic step to understand wetland ecosystems in detail but also an important process as a base of the term, ecosystem service to recognize wetland ecosystems as valuable and useful resources and goods for human being. WET (wetland evaluation technique), EMAP (environmental monitoring assessment program)-wetlands, and HGM (hydrogeomorphic method) were developed as pioneer wetland function assessments in U.S. at the end of $20^{th}$-century. RAMs (rapid assessment methods) became a major function assessment tool which is relatively simpler and easier assessment tool at the beginning of $21^{th}$-century. After that, the hierarchy of three levels of assessment (landscape assessment, rapid assessment, and intensive assesment) has been prepared and strategically utilized according to the objectives and purposes of function assessments. In South Korea, RAM and HGM were used to assess wetland functions with reforming a couple of items and contents at 2001. And, modified and reformed function assessments have been developed to complement and improve upon the existing RAMs and HGMs. Via the trend analysis on wetland function assessments, some needs which require supplements in terms of function assessment are pointed out: 1) wetland function assessments using useful indicators such as birds are needed with considering our environmental characteristics. 2) optimized wetland function assessments for coastal wetlands are also needed. 3) the network construction and further expansion to lead communications and co-operations between researchers and policy makers is needed in the field of wetland function assessment.

Structural And Functional Changes In Planktonic Algal Communities Of The Han River (한강하류에 있어서 부유성 조류군집의 구조 및 기능변화에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Jae Hyung;Choi, Joong Ki
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.31-41
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    • 1978
  • The planktonic algal communities of the Han River with a particular emphasis on water pollution was studied over a twelve month of period. Results of observing many algal communities from 7 stations of the Han River have shown that these communities are generally composed of many species, most of which have relatively small populations with a few exceptional dominant species. The distribution of the total standing crop of phytoplankton in the studid area is characteristic, summer in the polluted zone. Diversity indices of all samples were computed and have shown that the H values of 7 stations are relatively low. However, a detailed examination of these H values reveals that the seasonal fluctuations of the species diversity remarkably coincide with those fo phytoplankton standing crop.No reduction in the species diversity at stations 4, 5, 6, and 7 where the water is heavily polluted indicates that a great number of species capable of invading stations, 4, 5, and 6 from the various tributaries, and the station 7 from the contaminated with sea water are probably more important in the functional changes of the communities than the size of sampling area. It is evident that the diversity index in a lotic environment does not indicate water quality as far as phytoplankton communities are concerned.

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A Study on Ecotope Diversity Improvement effectiveness Analysis in the Middle of Mankyung River Restoration Scenario (만경강 하천공간복원 시나리오의 에코톱 개선효과 분석)

  • Kim, Woo Ram;Jeon, Ho Seong;Kim, Ji Sung;Hong, Il;Kim, Kyu Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2018.05a
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    • pp.434-434
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    • 2018
  • 에코톱은 가장 작고 균일하며 도면의 단위로 사용 가능한 토지, 일반적인 구성요소의 상태, 잠재자연식생, 잠재생태계 기능을 최소한의 단위로 균일하게 분류가 가능한 요소로서 천이단계 또는 토지이용이 서로 다른 패치들로 이루어진 무생물과 생물이 결합된 생태공간으로서 일반적으로 세가지 특성을 포함한다. (1) 가장 작은 동질성 가진 지도로 분류 가능한 단위, (2) 일반적인 기질조건, 잠재적 자연식생 및 잠재적 생태계 기능에 대한 동질성, 그리고 (3) 서로 다른 연속적인 토지 이용 단계에서의 패치로 구성 된다. 현재 네덜란드, 스페인을 포함한 유럽국가에서는 에코톱분류를 통한 하천을 관리하는 방안을 제시하고 있으며 이에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 만경강 중류 소양천 합류점의 터지네 구간을 대상으로 하천공간의 복원 이후 연중유황에 따른 에코톱의 변화를 예측하고 이에 따른 개선효과를 정량적으로 분석하는 것이 목적이다. 제방 후퇴, 제방후퇴/구하도 복원, 제방 후퇴/습지 조성 세가지 복원 시나리오를 현재지형과 비교하여 연중 유황별 흐름조건에 따라 에코톱을 도식화 하였으며, 이에 따른 에코톱 다양성 지수를 도출하여 비교분석하였다. 복원 대상지의 복원 시나리오 및 흐름조건에 따른 에코톱의 변화를 분석한 결과 '제방 후퇴/구하도 복원' 일 때 자연요소가 현재지형보다 가장 크게 증가되었으며 3가지 복원 유형 간 자연요소를 비교한 결과 '제방 후퇴/구하도 복원' 일 때 수역과 일년생 초본이 가장 많은 면적을 차지하였으며, '제방 후퇴/습지 조성' 일 때 습지와 다년생 초본이 가장 많은 면적을 차지하였다. 복원 유형 별 연중 유황 조건에 따른 에코톱 다양성 지수분석결과 제방후퇴/습지 조성시 에코톱 다양성 개선효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다.

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Ecological Renewal Plan of Urban Parks for the Revitalization of Urban Green Axis in Gangdong-Gu (강동구 도시 녹지축 기능 활성화를 위한 도시공원의 생태적 리뉴얼 방안 연구)

  • Park, Jeong-Ah;Han, Bong-Ho;Kwak, Jeong-In
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.51 no.2
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    • pp.12-27
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    • 2023
  • In this study, among the construction-type parks in Gangdong-gu, targeting parks with high environmental and ecological value located on the urban green axis, a plan was prepared for the ecological renewal of urban parks, and a design that applied to them was proposed. The renewal target site was selected by analyzing the general condition of Gangdong-gu and urban parks, the land use and green area ratio, park green area, and the green axis of Gangdong-gu. Gangdong-gu has 54 parks, including 2 neighborhood parks and 52 children's parks. In the first stage of the current status review, 17 parks were extracted through locational value analysis, such as location and adjacency to the natural axis and green axis. In the second stage, eight parks were selected among the first-stage extraction parks based on the ratio of green spaces and open spaces within each park service area. In the third stage, two of the second stage extraction parks were selected based on whether the legal standard of the park area was met, and in the fourth stage, one of the third stage extraction parks was selected through an aging survey of the park. As for the urban ecological status of the renewal target site, the status of land use in the aspect of entropy reduction, the status of soil cover in the aspect of water circulation, and the status of planting structure in the aspect of biodiversity were investigated. As for the status of the three renewal sites, the green area was insufficient at 18.3-45.3%, and the facility area was 54.7%-81.7%, which was judged to have low urban temperature reduction effects. The impervious pavement area accounted for 34.5% to 48.9% of the park area, accounting for most of the facility area, and it was judged that the water circulation function was insufficient. The planting structure consisted of a single layer and a double layer structure, and although the tree layer was good, the lower vegetation was poor, and there was no planting site of edible plants or large hardwood trees, so the biodiversity was low. After the ecological renewal design of Seonrin Children's Park, Dangmal Children's Park, and Saemmul Children's Park, which were selected as the renewal targets in this study, the ecological area ratio of each park increased by 1.4 to 3 times than before the renewal. If the urban parks located on the urban green axis are examined from the perspective of the urban ecosystem and renewed ecologically, it is judged that the expected effect will be high in reducing entropy, improving water circulation, and laying the foundation for biodiversity in terms of the urban ecosystem.

A Comparative Study of Standard Methods for Assessing Ecotoxicity of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (내분비계장애물질의 생태독성평가를 위한 표준시험법 비교연구)

  • Kwak, Jin Il;Cui, Rongxue;Moon, Jongmin;Kim, Dokyung;An, Youn-Joo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.132-139
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    • 2017
  • Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with endocrine system in organisms, and have different mode of actions compared to conventional chemicals. Therefore, EDCs specific ecotoxicity tests and assessments have been globally developed by some organizations such as OECD, ASTM, and USEPA. In Korea, researches on EDCs and monitoring of EDCs in domestic environments were also continued. However, Korean ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs are not suggested till date. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze international ecotoxicity test guidelines for EDCs and the compare ecotoxicity methods and toxicity endpoints among standard test guidelines. We found that there are very limited EDCs specific soil ecotoxicity test guidelines (only in ASTM) compared to aquatic ecotoxicity test guidelines. Currently, fish, amphibian, waterflea, copepoda, earthworm, white worm, springtail, nematode, mite, and midge are suggested as standard ecotoxicity test species for EDCs. Reproduction, hormones, growth, vitellogenin, sex retio and development were proposed as endpoints for EDCs ecotoxicity. This study provided the comparison of EDCs specific ecotoxicity methods and endpoints between standard test guidelines, and suggested the further research to develop the method for assesseing ecotoxicity of EDCs.

Improvement of Small Wetland and Stream in Cultivated Area in point of Landscape Ecology (경작지 내 소규모 습지 및 소하천의 경관생태적 개선방안)

  • Cho, Hyun-Ju;Ra, Jung-Hwa;Kim, Jin-Hyo
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.29
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 2011
  • This research gives weight to establish practical improvement based on analysis of the landscape ecological character and value to realize the importance of small wetland and stream in cultivated areas functioning as a residual landscape element in rural landscape and to deal with ecological depression effectively. The results of summary are as follows. 1) The results of landscape ecological character analysis of wetlands biotop in total of 7 sites, for example, size of surface in site 5 was widely formed about $10,600m^2$, which was assessed satisfactory in terms of slope of waterfront, width of hedgerow, vegetation condition of composition and so on. Also, The number of flexibility showed 2 in site 8-1, the highest, and morphological diversity showed 1.47, the highest. 2) The results of problem analysis of wetland biotop, most of wetlands are analyzed that the width of hedgerow was below 1m. Also, the 4 wetlands in site 8 are appeared that hard to live slope vegetation in there because of slope of waterfronts are above $45^{\circ}$. 3) The results of landscape ecological character analysis of stream in total of 6 sites, for example, width of waterfront in site 4 showed 55m, the widest, and investigated consist of natural ingredients such as soil, rock, gravel. However, width of waterfront in site 2-2 showed 4m, the narrowest, and inclined angle of slope was formed a right angle. 4) The results of problem analysis of stream, width of waterfront hedgerow in site 2-1 showed about 5m, which was very narrower than width of waterfront, and toxic chemicals discharged from near cultivated area without any filtering. Also, all areas of site 2-2 was formed concrete, and was assessed dissatisfactory in terms of capacity of nature purification, flood control, habitat living space because of straight stream. 5) Based on the result above landscape ecological character and problem analysis, main improvement guidelines are set in terms of shape, vegetation, topography in case of wetlands, and which are set in terms of vertical, horizontal structure in case of stream.

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Deduction of Best Design Factor of Riparian Buffer Zone for Reduction of Non-Point Pollutants (비점오염 부하 저감을 위한 수변완충지대의 최적 인자 도출을 위한 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Won;Choi, I-Song;Jung, Sang-Jun;Woo, Hyo-Seop;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.1788-1792
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    • 2007
  • 한강 "수변구역"에서 비점오염물질의 공공수역 유입을 억제하기 위한 다양한 방법들 중에서 보편적이고 자연친화적인 방법은 다양한 생물의 서식공간이며, 동시에 본류로 유입되는 과정에서 수질을 정화시키는 수질개선 공간인 수변완충구역, 또는 지대를 설정하여 관리하는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 수변완충지대 효과 분석 및 설정에 관한 연구는 국내에서 아직 수행되지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 수변구역의 자정능력을 높이는 것은 물론 그 밖의 하천 연안에서 비점오염물질의 차단과 처리능력을 증진시키고 수변 생태계의 서식처 보전 및 복원을 위해서 수변완충지대의 수질정화 기술개발과 생물다양성을 창출하는 수변완충지대 조성 기법을 개발하는데 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수변완충지의 추가적인 조성과 보완, 시험완충지 생태구조 및 기능 기초조사, 시험완충지 오염부하 저감효과의 실험 및 분석, 수변완충지대 설치 구상 등의 연구를 수행하여 수변완충지대 조성 시 설정 폭을 산정할 수 있게 하였다. 수행 지역은 한강수계 지역으로 남한강 수변인 경기도 양평군 병산리에서 실시하였으며, 잔디와 갈대, 갯버들, 혼합지역, 자연그대로의 상태(대조지역)의 5 구역으로 구분하였고, 거리별, 깊이별 샘플을 채취하여 유입수에 대한 오염물질 제거효율을 도출하고, 이를 이용하여 수변완충지대의 설계 시 필요한 유역의 폭, 면적, 길이 등과 같은 설계인자를 도출할 수 있도록 하였다.

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